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Scheduling (eRAN3.0 06)
Scheduling (eRAN3.0 06)
eRAN3.0
Feature Parameter Description
Issue 06
Date 2013-05-20
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eRAN
Scheduling Contents
Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Intended Audience......................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.3 Change History.............................................................................................................................. 1-1
2 Overview......................................................................................................................................2-1
2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Features Involved in Scheduling ................................................................................................... 2-1
2.3 Benefits ......................................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3.1 DL Basic Scheduling............................................................................................................. 2-2
2.3.2 DL Enhanced Scheduling ..................................................................................................... 2-3
2.3.3 UL Basic Scheduling............................................................................................................. 2-4
2.3.4 UL Enhanced Scheduling ..................................................................................................... 2-4
3 DL Basic Scheduling................................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 Inputs .................................................................................................................................... 3-2
3.1.2 Basic Functions .................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.1.3 Outputs ................................................................................................................................. 3-3
3.1.4 Procedure for DL Scheduling in Each TTI ............................................................................ 3-3
3.2 Scheduling Common Control Information ..................................................................................... 3-4
3.3 Scheduling for DL Retransmissions .............................................................................................. 3-5
3.4 DL Basic Scheduling for Initial Transmissions .............................................................................. 3-5
3.4.1 Obtaining DL Scheduling Resources .................................................................................... 3-6
3.4.2 Selecting UEs for DL Scheduling ......................................................................................... 3-7
3.4.3 Determining MCSs for DL Scheduling .................................................................................. 3-8
3.4.4 Determining the Number of RBs for DL Scheduling ............................................................. 3-9
3.5 CSI Reporting ................................................................................................................................ 3-9
5 UL Basic Scheduling................................................................................................................5-1
5.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.1 Inputs .................................................................................................................................... 5-2
5.1.2 Basic Functions .................................................................................................................... 5-2
5.1.3 Outputs ................................................................................................................................. 5-3
5.1.4 Procedure for UL Scheduling in Each TTI ............................................................................ 5-3
5.2 UL Dynamic Scheduling for Retransmissions ............................................................................... 5-4
13 Parameters .............................................................................................................................13-1
14 Counters..................................................................................................................................14-1
15 Glossary ..................................................................................................................................15-1
16 Reference Documents .........................................................................................................16-1
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
The Long Term Evolution (LTE) system adopts shared-channel transmissions in which time-frequency
resources are dynamically shared by user equipment (UEs). E-UTRAN NodeBs (eNodeBs) perform
scheduling to allocate time-frequency resources for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmissions.
This document describes the eNodeB features related to scheduling in terms of the implementation,
parameters involved, feature relationships, network impact, and engineering guidelines.
Any managed objects (MOs), parameters, alarms, or counters described in this document correspond to
the software release delivered with this document. In the event of updates, the updates will be described
in the product documentation delivered with the latest software release.
Document Issues
The document issues are as follows:
06 (2013-05-20)
05 (2012-12-29)
04 (2012-09-20)
03 (2012-06-30)
02 (2012-05-11)
01 (2012-03-30)
Draft A (2012-01-10)
06 (2013-05-20)
Compared with issue 05(2012-12-29), issue 06 (2013-05-20) includes the following changes.
05 (2012-12-29)
Compared with issue 04 (2012-09-20), issue 05 (2012-12-29) includes the following changes.
04 (2012-09-20)
Compared with issue 03 (2012-06-30), issue 04 (2012-09-20) includes the following changes.
03 (2012-06-30)
Compared with issue 02 (2012-05-11), issue 03 (2012-06-30) includes the following changes.
02 (2012-05-11)
Compared with issue 01 (2012-03-30), issue 02 (2012-05-11) includes the following changes.
01 (2012-03-30)
This is the first official release.
Compared with draft A (2012-01-10) of eRAN3.0, issue 01 (2012-03-30) of eRAN3.0 includes the
following changes.
Draft A (2012-01-10)
This is a draft.
Compared with issue 02 (2011-12-24) of eRAN2.2, draft A (2012-01-10) of eRAN3.0 includes the
following changes.
2 Overview
2.1 Introduction
A scheduler in an eNodeB mainly allocates appropriate system resources to UEs in each cell so that the
UEs can transmit and receive data. This kind of resource allocation is one of the major functions of the
LTE system, in which all UEs in a cell share the channels and other resources in the cell. Huawei
schedulers are designed to trade off between single-UE performance and overall network capacity and
also provide end-to-end quality of service (QoS) management solutions for better QoS.
The schedulers are located above the physical layer. Its basic function is to allocate time-frequency
resources to UEs in each subframe for uplink and downlink transmissions. The minimum scheduling unit
consists of 12 subcarriers (spanning 180 kHz in the frequency domain) and 1 subframe (lasting 1 ms in
the time domain), as shown in Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1 Minimum scheduling unit
One UE can be allocated multiple resource blocks (RBs) in each transmission time interval (TTI). The
maximum number of available RBs in the frequency domain in a cell depends on the cell bandwidth, as
listed in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 Number of available RBs per bandwidth
Bandwidth (MHz) 1.4 3.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
Number of Available RBs 6 15 25 50 75 100
For details about basic features in downlink scheduling, see 3 DL Basic Scheduling.
For details about optional features in downlink scheduling, see 4 DL Enhanced Scheduling.
For details about basic features in uplink scheduling, see 5 UL Basic Scheduling.
For details about optional features in uplink scheduling, see 6 UL Enhanced Scheduling.
2.3 Benefits
2.3.1 DL Basic Scheduling
LBFD-001005 Modulation: DL/UL QPSK, DL/UL 16QAM, DL 64QAM
In accordance with 3GPP TS 36.211 Release 9 issued in March 2010, this basic feature allows eNodeBs
to use different modulation schemes among DL and UL QPSK, DL and UL 16QAM, and DL 64QAM
under different channel conditions. The modulation schemes are characterized as follows:
Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulates two bits onto one modulation symbol.
16QAM modulates four bits onto one modulation symbol.
64QAM modulates six bits onto one modulation symbol.
NOTE
QAM is short for quadrature amplitude modulation.
A higher modulation order (more bits per modulation symbol) helps achieve higher transmission
efficiency but requires higher signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in order to maintain the block
error rate (BLER).
As an example, if channel conditions are favorable, the high-order modulation scheme DL 64QAM is
used to increase overall throughput and spectral efficiency.
LBFD-001006 AMC
This basic feature adaptively selects an optimal modulation and coding scheme (MCS) based on
channel quality to increase overall spectral efficiency. In adaptive modulation and coding (AMC):
The optimal MCS for uplink transmissions is selected based on the SINR measured by each eNodeB.
The optimal MCS for downlink transmissions is selected based on the channel quality indicator (CQI)
reported by each UE.
The CQI measurement and reporting modes are adaptively selected to suit the scenario at hand to
increase system throughput. For details about the reporting modes, see section 7.2 in 3GPP TS
36.213 V9.3.0 (2010-09).
LOFD-001006 UL 64QAM
This optional feature is an enhancement of UL modulation. UL 64QAM further increases UL spectral
efficiency and cell throughput and improves user experience when channel quality is favorable.
3 DL Basic Scheduling
3.1 Introduction
In the LTE system, DL scheduling is performed at the MAC layer. DL scheduling allocates resources on
the physical DL shared channel (PDSCH) for UEs and selects appropriate MCSs for the transmission of
system information and user data.
Figure 3-1 shows the inputs, outputs, and basic functions of DL scheduling.
Figure 3-1 DL scheduling
3.1.1 Inputs
UE Capability
Section 4.1 in 3GPP TS 36.306 Release10 issued in March 2011 specifies eight UE categories and the
maximum numbers of bits and layers that can be transmitted in each TTI for each UE category.
TX Power
The DL transmit (TX) power is shared by all UEs in a cell. According to 3GPP Release 8, DL TX power is
determined by the cell-specific reference signal (RS) energy per resource element (EPRE), PA, and PB.
The eNodeB sends UEs the information element (IE) PDSCH-ConfigCommon that contains cell-specific
RS EPRE and PB, and the IE PDSCH-ConfigDedicated that contains PA. For details about PA and PB,
see 3GPP TS 36.213.
HARQ Feedback
ACK and NACK feedback is another input to the scheduler. The feedback indicates whether data is
successfully transmitted or retransmitted. HARQ retransmissions implemented by Huawei eNodeBs
always have a high scheduling priority, though the priority of signaling transmission and that of
semi-persistent transmission are still higher.
QoS Requirements
QoS requirements of service bearers are sent to the eNodeB from the evolved packet core (EPC)
through S1 Application Protocol (S1-AP) signaling. The QoS profile of an LTE bearer consists of ARP,
QCI, GBR, MBR (for GBR services), and AMBR (for non-GBR services).
NOTE
ARP, QCI, GBR, MBR, and AMBR are short for allocation and retention priority, QoS class identifier, guaranteed bit rate,
maximum bit rate, and aggregate maximum bit rate, respectively.
A standardized QCI of a bearer includes the service priority, layer 2 (L2) packet delay budget (PDB), and
L2 packet error loss rate (PELR). For details, see section 6.1.7 in 3GPP TS 23.203 Release 10 issued in
March 2011.
Huawei eNodeBs support extended QCIs. For details, see QoS Management Feature Parameter
Description.
3.1.3 Outputs
The scheduler determines the UEs to be scheduled, number of RBs to be allocated, position of each RB,
MCSs, TBSs, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mode.
Common control information includes broadcast messages such as SIB1 and SIB2, and paging
messages. SIB is short for system information block.
Dedicated control information includes random access (RA) response and the information carried on
signaling radio bearer (SRB) 0, SRB1, and SRB2.
Scheduling common control information uses QPSK and low coding rates for reliable transmission.
Resource allocation of type 2 is used to allocate resources to common control information. In resource
allocations of type 2, the allocations are classified into distributed virtual resource block (DVRB)
allocations and localized virtual resource block (LVRB) allocations. LVRB allocations are used by default.
The following describes DVRB allocations and LVRB allocations:
DVRB allocation applies to the non-contiguous allocation of resource blocks and increases the
coverage of common control information. However, the system resources occupied by common
control information increases, resulting in a decrease in the UE throughput.
LVRB allocation applies to the contiguous allocation of resource blocks and decreases the amount of
system resources occupied by common control information, which increases the UE throughput.
However, the coverage of common control information decreases.
Frequency selective scheduling requires accurate subband CQIs for scheduling priority calculation and
resource allocation. Frequency selective scheduling applies to slow-moving UEs because subband CQIs
reported by fast-moving UEs cannot reflect channel quality changes in a timely manner.
When the uplink load is high, the eNodeB prolongs the CQI reporting period and adjusts the CQI
reporting mode of UEs. For details, see section 3.5 "CSI Reporting." The prolonged CQI reporting period
and the changed CQI reporting mode decrease the gain of frequency selective scheduling.
Huawei eNodeBs use frequency selective scheduling by default. The scheduling method can be
specified by setting the CellAlgoSwitch.DISchSwitch parameter. In the current version, frequency
selective scheduling can take effect only when the PDCCH occupies three or more symbols.
The Max C/I algorithm takes only the channel quality into account when allocating radio interface
resources and schedules services with the best channel quality at that moment. This algorithm
maximizes system throughput. However, it cannot ensure that UEs in the same cell are equally
scheduled because all UEs in a cell cannot experience the same channel conditions. If a UE is
constantly experiencing poor channel conditions, it cannot be scheduled. As a result, the user
experience is poor.
The RR algorithm allows UEs to take turns using shared resources. Compared with Max C/I, RR ensures
scheduling fairness between UEs in a cell. However, it cannot maximize the system throughput.
The PF algorithm is a compromise between Max C/I and RR. This algorithm takes the scheduling
fairness, channel quality, and number of transmitted bits into account. However, this algorithm does not
take the QoS requirements into account and therefore cannot ensure user experience.
The EPF algorithm is an enhancement to the PF algorithm. Compared with PF, EPF considers user
experience with services and ensures that QoS requirements are fulfilled. For details about the EPF
algorithm, see chapter 4 "DL Enhanced Scheduling."
An operator can select an appropriate scheduling policy by setting the CellDlschAlgo.DlschStrategy
parameter. For example, an operator can select Max C/I to achieve high system throughput for a peak
throughput test.
Table 3-2 CQI and PMI feedback types for PUCCH reporting modes
No PMI Single PMI
Wideband (wideband CQI) Mode 1-0 Mode 1-1
UE Selected (subband CQI) Mode 2-0 Mode 2-1
3GPP specifications stipulate that PUSCH reporting modes are aperiodic CSI reporting modes and
PUCCH reporting modes are periodic CSI reporting modes.
If a UE has no data to transmit, it transmits periodic CSI reports on the PUCCH. If a UE has data to
transmit, it transmits periodic CSI reports on the PUSCH. A UE transmits detailed aperiodic CSI reports
only on the PUSCH.
Compared with periodic CSI reporting, aperiodic CSI reporting contains more comprehensive
information, based on which the downlink scheduler performs frequency selective scheduling to obtain
the diversity gain. Each report in the aperiodic CSI reporting, however, contains more bits, and therefore
occupies more UL resources. Therefore, the CSI reporting mode is selected based on the following
principles:
When few UEs in the cell are enabled with downlink frequency selective scheduling, aperiodic CSI
reporting is selected.
When many UEs in the cell are enabled with downlink frequency selective scheduling, periodic CSI
reporting is selected.
Table 3-3 provides a summary of the CSI reporting modes.
Table 3-3 CQI, PMI and RI reporting
Item Periodic Reporting Aperiodic Reporting
The detailed selection method for the CSI reporting mode is as follows:
If frequency diversity scheduling is used in the DL, the eNodeB instructs UEs to periodically report CSIs.
The periodic CSI reporting mode is related to the MIMO mode used by the eNodeB. As shown in Figure
3-6, if open-loop MIMO is used, mode 1-0 is used by default. If closed-loop MIMO is used, mode 1-1 is
used by default.
The period of periodic CQI reporting is determined as follows:
If adaptive CQI reporting is enabled, the eNodeB adjusts the CQI reporting period based on the
PUCCH load.
If adaptive CQI reporting is disabled, the eNodeB uses the CQI reporting period specified by the
CqiAdaptiveCfg.UserCqiPeriodCfg parameter. The value range of this parameter is 2 ms, 5 ms, 10
ms, 20 ms, 32 ms, 40 ms, 64 ms, 80 ms, 128 ms, and 160 ms.
NOTE
Considering product implementation, when CqiAdaptiveCfg.UserCqiPeriodCfg is set to 32 ms, 64 ms, or 128 ms, the
CQI period is actually set to 20 ms, 40 ms, or 80 ms, respectively.
If frequency selective scheduling is used in the DL, the eNodeB instructs UEs to aperiodically as well as
periodically report CSIs. As shown in Figure 3-7, if open-loop MIMO is used, mode 3-0 is used. If
closed-loop MIMO is used, mode 3-1 is used. If the number of UEs to be scheduled using frequency
selective scheduling is greater than N (The value of N used by the internal algorithm is 10 and cannot be
changed), the eNodeB instructs UEs to periodically report subband CQIs to reduce the overhead of
uplink feedback. In this situation, if open-loop MIMO is used, mode 2-0 is used; if closed-loop MIMO is
used, mode 2-1 is used. The interval of aperiodical CQI reporting is related to the uplink load. The higher
the uplink load is, the longer the reporting interval is.
4 DL Enhanced Scheduling
As an enhancement to DL basic scheduling, DL enhanced scheduling adjusts which MCSs are
scheduled based on DL channel quality and HARQ feedback to increase the DL capacity and better
satisfy the QoS requirements of DL services.
Pr iority GBR
f ( CQI ) f ( delay )
where
f (CQI ) : indicates the channel quality.
f (delay ) : indicates the PDB of the GBR service.
In addition, a GBR service can be scheduled multiple times. The scheduler checks the GBR service rate
at regular intervals and increases or decreases the number of times the GBR service is scheduled. This
ensures a stable GBR service rate.
eff
Pr iority non GBR
QCI
r
where
Eff: indicates the channel quality.
r: indicates the historical number of transmitted bits for a UE.
QCI : indicates the weight of the scheduling priority corresponding to a QCI. The
StandardQci.DlschPriorityFactor parameter specifies the weight factor used to calculate downlink
scheduling priorities. A larger value of this parameter indicates a higher scheduling priority. Weight
factors can be configured for both standardized QCIs and extended QCIs. Standardized QCIs are
defined in section 6.1.7 in 3GPP TS 23.203 Release 10 issued in March 2011. Extended QCIs are
based on standardized QCIs and enrich service levels.
5 UL Basic Scheduling
5.1 Introduction
In the LTE system, UL scheduling is performed at the MAC layer. UL scheduling allocates resources on
the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) to UEs and selects appropriate MCSs for the transmission
of user data.
Figure 5-1 shows the inputs, outputs, and basic functions of UL scheduling.
Figure 5-1 UL scheduling
5.1.1 Inputs
UE Capability
The input of UE capability for UL basic scheduling is the same as that described in 3.1.1 Inputs.
HARQ Feedback
The input of HARQ feedback for UL basic scheduling is the same as that described in 3.1.1 Inputs.
QoS Requirements
The input of QoS requirements for UL basic scheduling is the same as that described in 3.1.1 Inputs.
SINR
The UL scheduler schedules UEs and allocates resources to UEs based on the UL channel quality
indicated by the SINR, which is obtained by measuring sounding reference signals (SRSs) and
demodulation reference signals (DMRSs).
Scheduling Request
A scheduling request (SR) is a 1-bit message sent from a UE to inform the eNodeB that the UE needs to
be allocated UL resources to transmit data.
5.1.3 Outputs
The scheduler determines the UEs to be scheduled, number of RBs to be allocated, position of each RB,
MCSs, TBSs, and MIMO mode.
Scheduling for Msg3 is indicated in preambles and does not require messages on the physical
downlink control channel (PDCCH). For details, see 5.3 UL Dynamic Scheduling for Initial
Transmissions
2. Performs semi-persistent scheduling and schedule UEs in the TTI bundling state.
For details, see VoIP Feature Parameter Description.
3. Schedule UEs in the TTI bundling state.
For details, see VoIP Feature Parameter Description.
4. Allocates resources for synchronous HARQ.
For details, see 5.2 UL Dynamic Scheduling for Retransmissions.
5. Allocates resources for SRs.
For details, see 5.3 UL Dynamic Scheduling for Initial Transmissions.
6. Allocates resources for the control plane.
For details, see 5.3 UL Dynamic Scheduling for Initial Transmissions.
7. Schedules UEs with unsatisfied GBR.
For details, see 6.3 UL QoS Management.
8. Schedules UEs processing non-GBR services with bit rates lower than the UEs' AMBRs.
For details, see 6.3 UL QoS Management.
9. Schedules UEs that have been paired for MU-MIMO.
For details, see MIMO Feature Parameter Description.
10. Schedules UEs in UL CoMP mode.
For details, see UL CoMP Feature Parameter Description.
Figure 5-3 Automatic switching between the retransmission modes for UL dynamic scheduling
As defined in 3GPP TS 36.213, the MCS for UL synchronous adaptive HARQ remains unchanged for
initial transmissions and retransmissions. MCSs 29 to 31 are used, corresponding to different
redundancy versions.
NOTE
PUCCH: physical uplink control channel
PRACH: physical random access channel
SINR Adjustment
SINR adjustment is specified by the CellAlgoSwitch.UlSchSwitch parameter. Due to the impact of
channel fading on signals of moving UEs, the SINR at the reporting time changes significantly, compared
with that at the scheduling time. Therefore, SINR adjustment is recommended. The eNodeB adjusts the
SINR based on ACKs/NACKs from UEs. In this way, SINR measurement errors can be corrected and
the measured IBLER value can be approximately equal to the target IBLER value, increasing system
throughput. The target IBLER value is specified by the CellUlschAlgo.SinrAdjustTargetIbler
parameter. The target IBLER value is 10% by default, but it may vary in different scenarios. Therefore,
set the target IBLER value based on site requirements.
MCS Adjustment
After the initial MCS selection, the eNodeB can adjust the MCS based on the cell-specific SRS subframe
configuration and uplink control information on the PUSCH and also based on UE capabilities. The
cell-specific SRS subframes are used to transmit SRS signals, while the uplink control information is
transmitted using channel resources. The occupancy of resources on the PUSCH results in a higher
coding rate and accordingly a higher IBLER for initial data transmission. The MCS must be adjusted
accordingly to ensure that the scheduled data is correctly demodulated. UE capabilities must also be
considered because the highest-order MCS supported may vary for different UEs.
An MCS used for the uplink control information, such as ACKs, RIs, or CQIs, is selected based on the
result of the MCS used for data transmission minus an index offset. A higher index offset indicates a
higher transmission reliability, but more resources are used by the uplink control information. Generally,
the default index offsets are suitable and can be retained. However, if the uplink control information has a
high bit error rate (BER) in adverse radio conditions, higher index offsets can be specified by the
6 UL Enhanced Scheduling
As an enhancement to UL basic scheduling, UL enhanced scheduling selects a high-order MCS when
the UL channel quality is high to increase the UL capacity, transmits the same data block over
consecutive N subframes to increase the UL coverage and satisfy the QoS requirements for UL services.
6.1 UL 64QAM
UL 64QAM is an enhancement to UL modulation. This feature further increases UL spectral efficiency
and cell throughput and improves user experience when channel quality is favorable. For UEs
supporting UL 64QAM, they can transmit data using 64QAM when the SINR is satisfactory. UL 64QAM is
controlled by a license.
Only 3900 series eNodeBs support the feature LOFD-001006 UL 64QAM.
If TTI bundling is enabled, the eNodeB adaptively determines whether to use TTI bundling based on
channel conditions. The criterion is that UEs are at the cell edge and require TTI bundling to increase UL
edge coverage. The MCS and number of RBs used for TTI bundling vary according to the channel
quality and data volume to be transmitted. As defined in section 8.6.1 in 3GPP TS 36.213 Release 10
issued in March 2011, TTI bundling uses a maximum of three RBs and adopts QPSK and the MCS up to
10.
The differentiation between services with different QCIs is achieved by setting parameters related to the
logical channel priorities. Logical channels represent the services on UEs. The parameters involved are
StandardQci.PrioritisedBitRate, StandardQci.LogicalChannelPriority, and
GlobalProcSwitch.LcgProfile. Their settings are delivered from the eNodeB to each UE in a radio
resource control (RRC) signaling message. Therefore, services with different QCIs can be prioritized as
required based on the logical channel priorities.
The logical channel priority can be set to a value in the range of 9 to 16, as specified by the
StandardQci.LogicalChannelPriority parameter. A larger value indicates a lower scheduling priority.
Logical channel priorities are configurable for QCIs 6 to 9 and extended QCIs. Because all extended
QCIs correspond to non-GBR services, the logical channel priorities for extended QCIs cannot be higher
than the logical channel priorities for any GBR services. The UE can report the total amount of buffered
data for multiple services, but not for each individual service. This reduces the system resource
consumption. These services must be mapped to the same logical channel. The eNodeB supports four
logical channel groups.
The GlobalProcSwitch.LcgProfile parameter, which specifies the logical channel group profile, can be
set to LCG_PROFILE_0 or LCG_PROFILE_1. If the parameter is set to LCG_PROFILE_0, only one
logical channel group is assigned to non-GBR services. If the parameter is set to LCG_PROFILE_1, two
logical channel groups are assigned to non-GBR services: one to high-priority non-GBR services and the
other to low-priority non-GBR services.
NOTE
The actual RB usage of an operator is the ratio of the number of RBs used by the operator in a period to the total number
of RBs on the PDSCH or PUSCH for DL or UL transmission, respectively.
For UEs of the same operator, their scheduling priorities are handled in the same way as in normal UL
and DL scheduling procedures.
Keep in mind the following rules for UL scheduling:
During resource preallocation, eNodeBs do not differentiate between operators of UEs.
Scheduling for UE pairing can be performed only on UEs of the same operator in multi-user MIMO
scenarios.
Only 3900 series eNodeBs support the feature LOFD-001036 RAN Sharing with Common Carrier.
8.2 DL Scheduling
This section describes the relationships between DL scheduling features and other features and the
impact of the DL scheduling features on the network.
Feature 7 is recommended for commercial networks to improve DL performance in cells and service
quality. Feature 7 introduces CQI adjustment and QoS management. It increases system throughput,
improves user experience, and helps meet QoS requirements.
8.3 UL Scheduling
This section describes the relationships between UL scheduling features and other features and the
impact of the UL scheduling features on the network.
Generic Data
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellDlschAlgo managed object
(MO) to set the DL scheduling policy for each cell.
Scenario-specific Data
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CQIADAPTIVECFG MO to set
adaptive CQI reporting for each cell.
9.4.3 Precautions
None
For descriptions of the user-defined template and summary data file and also the detailed procedure for
configuring eNodeBs in batches, see eNodeB Initial Configuration Guide.
Table 9-1 Parameters related to basic scheduling policies
MO Parameter Group Name Parameter
CELLDLSCHALGO CellDlschAlgo LocalCellID, Downlink scheduling Strategy
CQIADAPTIVECFG CQIADAPTIVECFG CQI period adaptive switch, User CQI period
config
− Tostart channel quality monitoring, choose Monitoring > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace
Management. Then in the navigation tree, choose User Performance Monitoring > Quality
of Channel Monitoring.
− Tostart MCS-based count monitoring, choose Monitoring > Signaling Trace > Signaling
Trace Management. Then in the navigation tree, choose User Performance Monitoring >
MCS Count Monitoring.
− To
start throughput monitoring, choose Monitoring > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace
Management. Then in the navigation tree, choose User Performance Monitoring >
Throughput Monitoring.
Step 3 Adjust the positions of the two UEs in the cell so that UE 1 experiences good DL channel quality
and UE 2 experiences poor DL channel quality.
Figure 9-1 and Figure 9-2 show examples of channel quality monitoring results for UE 1 and UE 2,
respectively. In these examples, the CQI for UE 1 is 25, and the CQI for UE 2 is 8.
Figure 9-1 Example of channel quality monitoring results for UE 1
Step 4 Check the MCS-based count monitoring results for the number of DL RBs allocated to each UE.
Then check the throughput monitoring results for the DL throughput of each UE.
If UE 1 occupies a majority of the total DL cell throughput and has been allocated more RBs than UE 2,
Max C/I has been activated successfully. Figure 9-3 through Figure 9-6 show examples of the monitoring
results.
----End
Step 4 Check the MCS-based count monitoring results for the number of times each UE is scheduled in
the DL.
If the results are approximately the same for both UEs, RR has been activated successfully. Figure 9-9
and Figure 9-10 show examples of the monitoring results.
Figure 9-9 Example of MCS-based count monitoring results for UE 1
----End
----End
----End
9.6 Troubleshooting
None.
Resource Allocation
Huawei eNodeBs support two DL resource allocation modes: frequency diversity scheduling and
frequency selective scheduling. Huawei eNodeBs use frequency selective scheduling by default.
Frequency selective scheduling considers the differences in channel quality for UEs and brings gains.
Frequency selective scheduling is not recommended in the following situations:
UEs are moving at a high speed.
The UL load is high.
Frequency selective scheduling does not take effect if the PDCCH occupies less than three symbols.
Transmission Networking
N/A
License
The operator has purchased and activated the license for the feature listed in Table 10-1. For details
about how to activate a license, see License Management Feature Parameter Description.
Table 10-1 License information for CQI adjustment
Feature License Control Item
LOFD-00101501 CQI Adjustment Enhanced Scheduling (per RRC Connected User)
Generic Data
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellAlgoSwitch MO to activate CQI
adjustment for each cell.
Scenario-specific Data
N/A
10.4.3 Precautions
None
For descriptions of the user-defined template and summary data file and also the detailed procedure for
configuring eNodeBs in batches, see eNodeB Initial Configuration Guide.
Table 10-2 Parameters related to CQI adjustment
MO Parameter Group Name Parameter
CELLALGOSWITCH CellAlgoSwitch LocalCellID, CQI adjust algorithm switch
Step 3 Perform DL packet injection on the UE so that the UE is scheduled about 1000 times per second
in the DL. At the same time, move the UE gradually to the cell edge.
Step 4 Check the channel quality monitoring results for the DL channel quality, and check the BLER
monitoring results for the DL IBLER.
----End
Figure 10-1 and Figure 10-2 show examples of the monitoring results. In these examples, the CQI is
approximately 18, and the value of Downlink IBLER(Permillage) fluctuates approximately 100, which
means that the DL IBLER converges on the default value 10%. The results indicate that CQI adjustment
has been activated.
Figure 10-1 Example of channel quality monitoring results
Transmission Networking
N/A
License
The operator has purchased and activated the license for the feature listed in Table 10-3. For details
about how to activate a license, see License Management Feature Parameter Description.
Table 10-3 License information for CQI adjustment
Feature License Control Item
LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling Enhanced Scheduling (per RRC Connected User)
Generic Data
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellDlschAlgo MO to set the DL
scheduling policy for each cell.
Scenario-specific Data
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the StandardQci MO to configure
service differentiation used in the enhanced scheduling policy for each cell.
The following table describes the parameter that must be set in the GlobalProcSwitch MO to configure
the logical channel group used in the enhanced scheduling policy for each cell.
10.5.3 Precautions
DL frequency selective scheduling does not support online configuration. When the status of the switch
for DL frequency selective scheduling is changed, enable UEs to access the network again to obtain
reliable test results.
For descriptions of the user-defined template and summary data file and also the detailed procedure for
configuring eNodeBs in batches, see eNodeB Initial Configuration Guide.
Table 10-4 Parameters related to the enhanced scheduling policy
MO Parameter Group Name Parameter
CELLDLSCHALGO CellDlschAlgo LocalCellID, Downlink scheduling
Strategy
− Tostart channel quality monitoring, choose Monitoring > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace
Management. Then in the navigation tree, choose User Performance Monitoring > Quality
of Channel Monitoring.
− Tostart MCS-based count monitoring, choose Monitoring > Signaling Trace > Signaling
Trace Management. Then in the navigation tree, choose User Performance Monitoring >
MCS Count Monitoring.
Step 3 Check the channel quality monitoring results for the DL channel quality of each UE.
Figure 10-3 and Figure 10-4 show examples of the monitoring results. In these examples, the CQI for
both UEs is 25.
Figure 10-3 Example of channel quality monitoring results for UE 1
Step 4 Run the LST STANDARDQCI command to query the DL scheduling weight factors for QCIs 6
and 9.
Step 5 Perform a DL service with QCI 6 on UE 1 and a DL service with QCI 9 on UE 2.
Step 6 Check the MCS-based count monitoring results for the number of DL RBs allocated to each UE.
If the ratio of the number for UE 1 to the number for UE 2 is approximately equal to the ratio of the weight
factor for QCI 6 to the weight factor for QCI 9, EPF has been activated successfully. Figure 10-5 and
Figure 10-6 show examples of the monitoring results.
----End
10.7 Troubleshooting
None.
Generic Data
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellUlschAlgo MO to set the UL
scheduling policy for each cell.
Scenario-specific Data
NA
11.4.3 Precautions
None
For descriptions of the user-defined template and summary data file and also the detailed procedure for
configuring eNodeBs in batches, see eNodeB Initial Configuration Guide.
Table 11-1 Parameters related to basic scheduling policies
MO Parameter Group Name Parameter
CELLULSCHALGO CellUlschAlgo LocalCellID, Uplink Scheduling Strategy
Step 4 Check the MCS-based count monitoring results for the number of UL RBs allocated to each UE,
and check the throughput monitoring results for the UL throughput of each UE.
If UE 1 occupies a majority of the total UL cell throughput and has been allocated more RBs than UE 2,
Max C/I has been activated successfully. Figure 11-3 through Figure 11-6 show examples of the
monitoring results.
Figure 11-3 Example of MCS-based count monitoring results for UE 1
----End
Step 4 Check the MCS-based count monitoring results for the number of times each UE is scheduled in
the UL.
If the results are approximately the same for both UEs, RR has been activated successfully. Figure 11-9
and Figure 11-10 show examples of the monitoring results.
Figure 11-9 Example of MCS-based count monitoring results for UE 1
----End
Step 3 Adjust the positions of the two UEs in the cell so that UE 1 experiences good UL channel quality
and UE 2 experiences poor UL channel quality. As an example, the SINR for UE 1 is
approximately 21 dB, and the SINR for UE 2 is approximately 10 dB.
Step 4 Check the MCS-based count monitoring results for the number of UL RBs allocated to each UE.
If the results are approximately the same for both UEs, PF has been activated successfully. Figure 11-11
and Figure 11-12 show examples of the monitoring results.
Figure 11-11 Example of MCS-based count monitoring results for UE 1
----End
11.6 Troubleshooting
None.
SINR Adjustment
SINR adjustment is recommended for use on commercial networks. It is similar to CQI adjustment for DL
scheduling. The SINR adjustment feature corrects UL SINR measurement errors and combats channel
condition changes during the time between SINR measurement and scheduling. SINR adjustment
enables the UL IBLER to converge on the target value, therefore increasing UL throughput.
UL Preallocation
UL preallocation is recommended for use on delay-sensitive networks or networks with only a few UL
services during the early stages of network construction. This feature reduces the service transmission
delay but increases signaling overheads and UL resource consumption.
Generic Data
N/A
Scenario-specific Data
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the PUSCHCfg MO to activate UL
64QAM for each cell.
12.4.3 Precautions
None
For descriptions of the user-defined template and summary data file and also the detailed procedure for
configuring eNodeBs in batches, see eNodeB Initial Configuration Guide.
Table 12-1 Parameters related to UL 64QAM
MO Parameter Group Name Parameter
CELLALGOSWITCH PUSCHCfg LocalCellID, Qam64 enabled
− To
start throughput monitoring, choose Monitoring > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace
Management. Then in the navigation tree, choose User Performance Monitoring >
Throughput Monitoring.
Step 6 Check the channel quality monitoring results for the UL SINR, and check the throughput
monitoring results for the UL throughput.
Figure 12-1 and Figure 12-2 show examples of the monitoring results. In these examples, the UL SINR is
approximately 23.5 dB, and the UL throughput is approximately 57 Mbit/s.
Figure 12-1 Example of channel quality monitoring results
Step 7 Run the MOD PUSCHCFG command to deactivate 64QAM in the cell. Run the DEA CELL
command to deactivate the cell, and then run the ACT CELL command to activate the cell.
Step 8 In the Uu interface tracing result, check the IE enable64QAM in the RRC_SYS_INFO message
in SIB2: radioResourceConfigCommon > pusch-ConfigCommon > pusch-ConfigBasic >
enable64QAM.
If the value of enable64QAM is FALSE, the cell does not support UL 64QAM.
Step 9 Enable the UE to access the cell at the same place in the cell center. Perform UL packet injection
on the UE to ensure that the UL cell throughput reaches its maximum.
Step 10 Repeat Step 5..
Step 11 Check the throughput monitoring results for the UL throughput.
Figure 12-3 shows an example of the monitoring results. In the example, the UL throughput is
approximately 47 Mbit/s.
Figure 12-3 Example of throughput monitoring results
The UE has higher throughput when the cell supports UL 64QAM. This indicates that UL 64QAM has
been activated successfully.
----End
Transmission Networking
N/A
License
The operator has purchased and activated the license for the feature listed in Table 12-2. For details
about how to activate a license, see License Management Feature Parameter Description.
Table 12-2 License information for UL Dynamic Scheduling
Feature License Control Item
LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling Enhanced Scheduling (per RRC Connected User)
Network plan (negotiation required): Parameters are planned by operators and negotiated with the
EPC or peer transmission equipment.
Network plan (negotiation not required): Parameters are planned and set by operators.
User-defined: Parameters are set as required by users.
Generic Data
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellUlschAlgo MO to set the UL
scheduling policy for each cell.
Scenario-specific Data
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the StandardQci MO to configure
service differentiation used in the enhanced scheduling policy for each cell.
The following table describes the parameter that must be set in the GlobalProcSwitch MO to configure
the logical channel group used in the enhanced scheduling policy for each cell.
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellAlgoSwitch MO to activate
SINR adjustment for each cell.
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellUlschAlgo MO to set the target
IBLER value for SINR adjustment in each cell.
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellAlgoSwitch MO to activate UL
preallocation for each cell.
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellUlschAlgo MO to use UL
preallocation for each cell.
12.5.3 Precautions
None
----End
For descriptions of the user-defined template and summary data file and also the detailed procedure for
configuring eNodeBs in batches, see eNodeB Initial Configuration Guide.
Table 12-3 Parameters related to the enhanced scheduling policy
MO Parameter Group Name Parameter
CELLULSCHALGO CELLULSCHALGO LocalCellID/ Uplink Scheduling Strategy/
SINR target IBLER adjustment(0.01) /
System Bandwidth Ratio Used By
Pre-schedule user per TTI/ minimal
period of pre-allocation/ data size of
pre-allocation/Smart pre-allocation
duration
CELLALGOSWITCH CELLALGOSWITCH LocalCellID/ Uplink schedule switch
STANARDQCI STANARDQCI PreAllocationWeight
Activating preallocation
Run the MOD CELLALGOSWITCH command to activate UL preallocation.
Example:
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LOCALCELLID=0, ULSCHSWITCH=PreAllocationSwitch-1;
− Tostart MCS-based count monitoring, choose Monitoring > Signaling Trace > Signaling
Trace Management. Then in the navigation tree, choose User Performance Monitoring >
MCS Count Monitoring.
Step 3 Check the channel quality monitoring results for the UL channel quality of each UE.
Figure 12-4 and Figure 12-5 show examples of the monitoring results. In these examples, the SINR for
both UEs is approximately 21 dB.
Figure 12-4 Example of channel quality monitoring results for UE 1
Step 4 Run the LST STANDARDQCI command to query the UL scheduling weight factors for QCIs 6
and 9.
Step 5 Perform a UL service with QCI 6 on UE 1 and a UL service with QCI 9 on UE 2.
Step 6 Check the MCS-based count monitoring results for the number of UL RBs allocated to each UE.
If the ratio of the number for UE 1 to the number for UE 2 is approximately equal to the ratio of the weight
factor for QCI 6 to the weight factor for QCI 9, EPF has been activated successfully. Figure 12-6 and
Figure 12-7 show examples of the monitoring results.
----End
To verify whether SINR adjustment has been activated, perform the following steps:
Step 1 Enable a UE to access a cell in the cell center.
Step 2 On the M2000 client, start channel quality monitoring and BLER monitoring on the UE. The
following are methods for starting these tasks:
− To
start channel quality monitoring, choose Monitoring > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace
Management. Then in the navigation tree, choose User Performance Monitoring > Quality of
Channel Monitoring.
− To
start BLER monitoring, choose Monitoring > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace
Management. Then in the navigation tree, choose User Performance Monitoring > BLER
Monitoring.
Step 3 Perform UL packet injection on the UE so that the UE is scheduled about 1000 times per second
in the UL. At the same time, move the UE gradually to the cell edge.
Step 4 Check the channel quality monitoring results for the UL channel quality, and check the BLER
monitoring results for the UL IBLER.
Figure 12-8 and Figure 12-9 show examples of the monitoring results. In these examples, the SINR is
approximately 6.5 dB, and the value of Uplink IBLER(Permillage) fluctuates approximately 100, which
means that the UL IBLER converges on the default value 10%. The results indicate that SINR
adjustment has been activated.
Figure 12-8 Example of channel quality monitoring results
----End
To verify whether preallocation has been activated, perform the following steps:
Step 1 Enable a UE to access a cell in the cell center. Do not perform UL services on the UE.
Step 2 On the M2000 client, start channel quality monitoring and MCS-based count monitoring on the
UE. The following are methods for starting these tasks:
− Tostart channel quality monitoring, choose Monitoring > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace
Management. Then in the navigation tree, choose User Performance Monitoring > Quality
of Channel Monitoring.
− Tostart MCS-based count monitoring, choose Monitoring > Signaling Trace > Signaling
Trace Management. Then in the navigation tree, choose User Performance Monitoring >
MCS Count Monitoring.
Step 3 Check the channel quality monitoring results for the UL channel quality, and check the
MCS-based count monitoring results for the number of times the UE is scheduled in the UL.
Figure 12-10 and Figure 12-11 show examples of the monitoring results. In these examples, the SINR is
approximately 20.5 dB, and the UE is scheduled 200 times per second in the UL. The number of
scheduling times is consistent with the default preallocation period of 5 ms. The results indicate that
preallocation has been activated.
Figure 12-10 Example of channel quality monitoring results
----End
Generic Data
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellAlgoSwitch MO to activate TTI
bundling for each cell.
Scenario-specific Data
N/A
12.6.3 Precautions
None
For descriptions of the user-defined template and summary data file and also the detailed procedure for
configuring eNodeBs in batches, see eNodeB Initial Configuration Guide.
Table 12-4 Parameters related to TTI bundling
MO Parameter Group Name Parameter
CELLALGOSWITCH CellAlgoSwitch LocalCellID, Uplink schedule switch
----End
12.8 Troubleshooting
None.
13 Parameters
Table 13-1 Parameter description
MO Parameter ID MML Feature ID Feature Description
Command Name
14 Counters
Table 14-1 Counter description
Counter ID Counter Name Counter Feature ID Feature
Description Name
Basic
Scheduling
Basic
Scheduling
Basic
Scheduling
Basic
Scheduling
Basic
Scheduling
Basic
Scheduling
Basic
Scheduling
Basic
Scheduling
15 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see Glossary.
16 Reference Documents
This chapter lists the reference documents related to scheduling.
[1] 3GPP TS 36.213, "Physical layer procedures"
[2] 3GPP TS 36.211, "Physical Channels and Modulation"
[3] 3GPP TS 36.321, "Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification"
[4] 3GPP TS 36.306, "User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities"
[5] 3GPP TS 23.203, "Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Policy and
charging control architecture"
[6] eNodeB Performance Counter Reference
[7] eNodeB MO Reference
[8] eNodeB Initial Configuration Guide
[9] eNodeB Reconfiguration Guide
[10] DRX Feature Parameter Description
[11] ICIC Feature Parameter Description