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CHEMISTRY HSSC–II
SECTION – A (Marks 17)
Time allowed: 25 Minutes
Section – A is compulsory. All parts of this section are to be answered on this page and handed
over to the Centre Superintendent. Deleting/overwriting is not allowed. Do not use lead pencil.

Q.1 Fill the relevant bubble for each part. Each part carries one mark.
1. The first ionization energy is higher for the:
A. Alkali metals ⃝ B. Alkaline earth metals ⃝
C. Halogens ⃝ D. Noble gases ⃝

2. Crimson red is characteristic flame color of:

A. Li ⃝ B. Na ⃝
C. Ca ⃝ D. Ba ⃝

3. The catalyst used for synthesis of ammonia by Haber process is:

A. Fe ⃝ B. TiCl4 ⃝
C. Cr2O3 ⃝ D. ZnO ⃝

4. Aerosols and lotions are used as:

A. Fungicides ⃝ B. Repellents ⃝
C. Herbicides ⃝ D. Miticides ⃝

5. Due to inert pair effect ______ oxidation state is more stable than _____ for Pb.
A. 2+,4+ ⃝ B. 1+,4+ ⃝
C. 4+,2+ ⃝ D. 2+,3+ ⃝

6. Ozone is destroyed by:

A. SO2 ⃝ B. CO2 ⃝
C. CFCs ⃝ D. HCl ⃝

7. Which one of the following is used as reference in NMR spectroscopy?

A. Tetra chloromethane ⃝ B. Tetra methylsilane ⃝
C. Tetra silanemethane ⃝ D. Tri iodomethane ⃝

Page 1 of 2
8. Which one of the following technique does not involve interaction of
electromagnetic radiations with matter?
A. IR spectroscopy ⃝ B. NMR spectroscopy ⃝
C. Mass spectroscopy ⃝ D. UV spectroscopy ⃝

9. Benzoic acid is obtained by oxidation of:

A. m-Xylene ⃝ B. p-Xylene ⃝
C. Toluene ⃝ D. Phenol ⃝

10. The structural formula for carboxylic anhydride is:

A. RCOOCOR ⃝ B. RCOR ⃝
C. RCOOR ⃝ D. RCOOH ⃝

11. Which one of the following is not a nucleophile?

A. H2O ⃝ B. H2S ⃝
C. BF3 ⃝ D. NH3 ⃝

12. Oxonium ion is formed when:

A. Ethanol react with Na metal ⃝
B. Phenol react with NaOH ⃝
C. Ether is treated with HI ⃝
D. Ethanol treated with NaOH/I2 ⃝

13. Which one of the following reagents reacts with both aldehyde and ketone?
A. Grignard reagent ⃝ B. Tollen’s reagent ⃝
C. Fehling’s reagent ⃝ D. Benedict’s reagent ⃝

14. Which one of the following reagents is used for reduction of carboxylic acid?
A. H2/Ni ⃝ B. H2/Pt ⃝
C. NaBH4 ⃝ D. LiAlH4 ⃝

15. Which one of the following is used as major component of soap?

A. Fatty acid ⃝ B. Palm oil ⃝
C. Proteins ⃝ D. Saccharides ⃝

16. IUPAC name of Glutaric acid is:

A. Butane dioic acid ⃝ B. Pentane dioic acid ⃝
C. Propane dioic acid ⃝ D. Hexane dioic acid ⃝

17. Which one of the following nuclei is NMR active?

A. C12 ⃝ B. C13 ⃝
16
C. O ⃝ D. Ne10 ⃝

____________________

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 Federal Board HSSC-II Examination
Chemistry Model Question Paper
(Curriculum 2006)

Time allowed: 2:35 hours Total Marks: 68

Note: Answer any fourteen parts from Section ‘B’ and attempt any two questions from Section
‘C’ on the separately provided answer book. Write your answers neatly and legibly.

SECTION – B (Marks 42)

Q.2 Attempt any FOURTEEN parts from the following. All parts carry equal marks.
(14  3 = 42)
i. The thermal stability of carbonates of alkaline earth metals increases down the
group. Justify this behaviour.
ii. The order as reducing agent of Halide ions is F-<Cl-<Br-< I-. Interpret it.
iii. Ammonia act as both ligand and base. Justify this statement by the reaction with
copper ion.
iv. What are ligands? Give example of tridentate and hexadentate ligand.
v. How will you prepare glycerol from hydrolysis and saponification of fats and oils?
vi. How can nylon-6,6 be prepared from Adipic acid? Give complete chemical
reaction.
vii. How does tetraethyl lead cause air pollution?
viii. What are the oxidation number and coordination number of the metals in the
following complex compounds?
(a) [Cr(H2O)4(OH)2]NO3 (b) K4[Fe(CN)6]
ix. What information are obtained from number of peaks and area under the peaks in
NMR spectrum?
x. What are adhesives? How does hot Glue work?
xi. Summarize the concept of optical Isomerism by drawing different isomeric
structures of tartaric acid showing their optical behaviour.
xii. How will you prepare following compounds starting from acetylene?
a. Acetaldehyde b. Acetic acid
xiii. The following mono substituted benzene are subjected to nitration reaction.
Prioritize the positions of different products formed.

Page 1 of 2
 xiv. Give stereo chemical evidences of Nucleophilic Substitution reactions of alkyl
halides.

xv. Identify the products when CH3MgBr react with ethyl acetate? Give its mechanism.

xvi. How Lucas Test being employed to distinguish different types of alcohols?

xvii. Compare acidity of phenols and carboxylic acid. Support your answer by drawing
resonance structures?

xviii. Discuss the reactivity order of following carbonyl compounds with reason.
Formaldehyde > Acetaldehyde > Butanone

xix. How can the following acid derivative be prepared from carboxylic acid?
a. Acid anhydride b. Acyl halide c. Acid amide

xx. How can propanoic acid be prepared from ethane?

SECTION – C (Marks 26)

Note: Attempt any TWO questions. All questions carry equal marks. (213 = 26)
Q.3 a. Describe the peculiar behavior of 1st member of the alkaline earth metals. Give
seven main differences. (7)
b. How does arrangement of electrons affect the magnetic properties of transition
elements. How can it be calculated? Calculate magnetic moment of Fe = 26.
(2+2+2)
Q.4 a. Define isomerism. Make all possible structural isomers of C4H10O, classify
each giving IUPAC names. (1+2+2+2)
b. What are the possible products formed when formaldehyde reacts with the
following reagents? (6)
i. HCN ii. NaOH iii. AgNO3/NH4OH
Q.5 a. What is beta-elimination reaction? Explain reaction mechanism for the
Unimolecular and Bimolecular elimination reactions of R – X. (1+3+3)
b. Explain the following: (3+3)
i. The different routes for the loss of zinc from human body.
ii. Is carbon dioxide responsible for greenhouse effect? If yes then how?

*****

Page 2 of 2
 CHEMISTRY HSSC-II
SLOs
SECTION A
1. Describe how physical properties like ionization energy changes within a group and
period in the periodic table?
2. Perform flame tests and explain the appearance of colors in the flame.
3. Iron as a catalyst in Haber’s Process. (Describe the important reactions and uses of V, Cr,
Mn, Fe and Cu)
4. Pesticides.
5. Inert pair effect and formation of ionic bond.
6. Describe the role of CFCs in destroying ozone in the stratosphere.
7. Describe the standard scales used in proton NMR.
8. Outline the use of MS determination of relative isotopic masses and isotopic abundance.
9. Describe addition reactions of benzene and methyl benzene.
10. Describe reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives.
11. Describe the mechanism and types of nucleophilic substitution reaction.
12. Describe the preparation of phenol from benzene sulphonic acid, chloro benzene and
acidic oxidation of Cumene.
13. Describe oxidation reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
14. Describe the reactivity of carboxylic acid.
15. Identify the nutritional and biological importance of lipids.
16. Nomenclature of carboxylic acid.
17. Outline in simple terms the principles of proton NMR spectroscopy.
Section B
Q2:
i. Discuss the trends in thermal stability of the nitrates and carbonates of Group II elements.
ii. Explain the relative behavior of halogens as oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
iii. Describe important reactions and uses of copper.
iv. Explain nomenclature of coordination compounds.
v. Describe basics of classification and structure-function relationship of lipids.
vi. Describe the formation and uses of Nylon.
vii. Recognize that the release of COx, SOx, NOx, VOCs are associated with the combination
of hydro carbon based fuels.
viii. Explain nomenclature of coordination compounds.
ix. Explain how chemical environment of proton affects the magnetic field it experiences
and hence the absorption of energy at resonance frequency.
x. Describe types and applications of synthetic adhesives.
xi. Explain what is meant by a chiral center and show that such a center gives rise to optical
isomerism.
xii. Discuss chemistry of Alkynes by hydrogenation, ozonolysis, hydration etc.
xiii. Apply the knowledge of position of substituent in the electrophilic substitution of
benzene.
xiv. Describe the mechanism and types of nucleophilic substitution reactions.
xv. Discuss chemistry of Grignard’s reagent by the addition of esters.
xvi. Explain the reactivity of alcohols.
xvii. Explain the acidity of phenols.
xviii. Describe the reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones and their comparison.
xix. Describe the chemistry of carboxylic acids by conversion to carboxylic acid derivatives.
xx. Describe preparation of carboxylic acid by carbonation of Grignard’s reagent.

SECTION C
Q3:
a. Differentiate beryllium from other members of its group.
b. Magnetic properties of transition elements. (Describe the electronic structures of
elements and ions of d-block elements)
Q4:
a. Define and explain with suitable examples the terms isomerism and structural isomerism.
b. Describe acid and base catalyzed addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
Q5:
a. Describe the mechanism and types of elimination reactions.
b. i. Identify the sources of minerals such as zinc.
ii. Explain greenhouse effect and global warming as resulting in climate change.
 CHEMISTRY HSSC-II
TABLE OF SPECIFICATION

Topics/Su s and p d and f Organic Hydro Alkyl Alcohol Aldehyde Carboxy Bio Industrial Environm Analytical Total marks %age
btopics block block compounds carbons halides phenyl and lic acids chemistry chemistry ental chemistry for each
elements elements and and ketones chemistry Assessment
amines ether Objective
(Knowledg 1-2(01) 1-3(01) 1-10(01) 2-xiv(03) 1-13(01) 1-14(01) 1-4(01) 1-6(01) 1-7(01) 30 25.9%
e based) 3a(07) 2-iii(03) 4b(06)
2-iv(03)
(Understa 1-1(01) 3b(06) 2-xi(03) 1-11(01) 1-12(01) 2-xviii(03) 2-xix(03) 1-15(01) 2-vi(03) 2-vii(03) 1-8(01) 63 54.3%
nding 1-5(01) 4a(07) 2-xv (03) 2-xvi(03) 2-xx(03) 2-v(03) 2-x(03) 1-17(01)
based) 2-ii(03) 5a(07) 2-xvii(03)
(Applicati 2-i(03) 2-viii(03) 1-9(01) 1-16(01) 5b-i(03) 5b-ii(03) 2-ix(03) 23 19.8%
on based) 2-xii(03)
2-xiii(03)
Total 16 16 01 17 14 07 10 08 07 07 07 06 116 100%
marks for
each
Topic/Sub
topic

KEY:
1-1(01)
Question No-Part No. (Allocated Marks)
 Federal Board HSSC-II Examination
Chemistry Model Question Paper
(Curriculum 2006)

MCQ’S KEY
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. C
10. A 11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. B

SECTION-B
Q. No. 2 (i) The thermal stability of carbonates of alkaline earth metals increases down
the group. Justify this behavior.
Ans. Effect of heat on group 2 carbonates:
All carbonates decomposes on heating at appropriate temperature evolving CO2.
The stability of carbonates increases down the group.

∆
MCO3→ CO2 + MO
Reason: Cations of group 2 have smaller sizes and greater charge densities than the cations
of group 1 elements. The cations of small size and high charge densities have greater ability
to distort or polarize the carbonate ion and hence facilitate its decomposition.
Q. No. 2 (ii) The order as reducing agent of Halide ions is F-<Cl-<Br-< I-. Interpret it.
Ans.The reducing ability of halide ions increases down the group. F-<Cl-< Br-< I-
When a halide ion acts as reducing agent, it has to lose electrons itself. The bigger the halide
ion, farther the outer electrons are from the nucleus, and the more they are screened from it
by the inner electrons. It, therefore gets easier for the halide ions to lose electrons as we go
down the group because there are less attraction of outer electrons and nucleus.
Q. No. 2 (iii) Ammonia act as both ligand and base. Justify this statement by the
reaction with copperion
Ans.Ammonia as base:
When few drops of aq. Ammonia is added to Cu (II) ion hydrogen of water ligand is removed
by ammonia and blue ppt. of hydroxide of copper is formed.
[Cu(H2O)6]+6 + 2NH3→ [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2NH4+
Blue ppt
Ammonia as ligand:
When excess drops of aq. Ammonia is added to Cu (II) ion hydrogen of water ligand is
removed by ammonia and blue sol. of hydroxide of copper is formed. In this reaction
ammonia acts as ligand.
[Cu(H2O)6]+2 + 4NH3→ [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 6H2O
Deep blue sol.
Q. No. 2 (iv)What are ligands? Give example of tridentate and hexa dentate ligand.
Ans. Ligand: A substance usually negatively charged, neutral molecule or sometimes
positively charged surrounding the central metal atom or ion by donating e pair is called
ligand.
Tridentate Ligand: Ligands which have three donatable electron pairs.
Example: Diethylene triamine

Hexadentate
Ligand: Ligands which have six donatable electron pairs.
Example: Ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA)

Q. No. 2 (v) How will you prepare glycerol from hydrolysis and saponification of fats
andoils?
Ans. Saponification:It is the hydrolysis of triglycerides (oil and fats) by alkalies. Glycerol is
produced along with Na and K salt of fatty acids. These Na and K salts are called soaps.
Q. No. 2 (vi)How can nylon-6,6 be prepared from Adipic acid? Give complete chemical
reaction.

Ans. Synthesis of Nylon-6,6

Nylon-6,6 is the example of condensation polymerization which is the most important
polyamide.

It is obtained by heating adipic acid with hexamethylenediamine under nitrogen at 200oC. It

is derived its name from its starting material both of which have 6 carbons. It is used for
production of stocking and other wearing apparels.

Q. No. 2 (vii) How does tetraethyl lead cause air pollution?

Ans. Drawbacks of tetraethyl lead:
Tetraethyl lead is added to petrol to improve its quality and hence enables it to burn more
completely. Due to this air pollution is minimized.
Use of tetraethyl lead has few drawbacks.
1. Lead vapors pollute the air.
2. Lead oxide deposits in the valves of the engine.

Q. No. 2 (viii)What are the oxidation number and coordination number of the metals
in the following complex compounds?
(a) [Cr(H2O)4(OH)2]NO3 (b) K4[Fe(CN)6]
Ans.
a) Coordination No: 6 Oxidation No: III
b) Coordination No: 6 Oxidation No: II

Q. No. 2 (ix) What information are obtained from number of peaks and area under the
peaks in NMR spectrum?
Ans. No of peaks: Protons in different chemical environment require slightly different
magnetic field to come to resonance. Therefore different types of protons form peak position
in NMR spectrum.
Area under the Peak: It is proportional to number of protons involved.

Q. No. 2 (x) What are adhesives? How does hot Gluework?

Ans. Adhesives: They are meant to stick together. An adhesive is a compound that adhere or
bound two items together. It may come from either natural or synthetic sources.
Hot Glue: It is also known as hot melt adhesives. These are thermoplastics they are applied
hot and simply allowed as they cool. The glue gun melts the solid adhesive and then allowed
the liquid to pass through barrel of the gun onto material where it solidifies.

Q. No. 2 (xi)Summarize the concept of optical Isomerism by drawing different

isomeric structures of tartaric acid showing their optical behavior.
Ans.Tartaric acid contains two asymmetric carbon atoms.
(i) (+) rotates plane polarized light to right.

(ii) (-) rotates plane polarized light to left.

(iii) Meso: It possess plane of symmetry, optically inactive.

 (iv) Racemic mixture: (+/-) Equimolar mixture of (+) and (-) forms. Does not rotates
plane polarized light in any direction.

Q. No. 2 (xii)How will you prepare following compounds starting fromacetylene?

a. Acetaldehyde b. Aceticacid

Ans.
a) Acetylene to acetaldehyde

b) Acetylene to acetic acid

Q. No. 2 (xiii)The following mono substituted benzene are subjected to

nitration reaction. Prioritize the positions of different products formed.
Ans.In aniline, NH2 is o/p directing group it increases e density on these positions making
electrophilic attack on these positions more feasible.

In benzoic acid, COOH is meta directing group, it directs the incoming electrophile to meta
position. It deactivatesthe o/p positions while meta position remain electron rich.

Q. No. 2 (xiv)Give stereo chemical evidences of Nucleophilic Substitution

reactions of alkyl halides.
Ans. SN1 mechanism (stereo chemical evidence):
Since carbocation is formed in first step and nucleophile can attack it form either direction,
formation of a racemic mixture (or partial racemization) is a proof of SN1 mechanism.

SN2 mechanism (stereo chemical evidence):

As SN2 is a single step mechanism, nucleophile attacks from the side opposite to the leaving
group. Therefore, inversion of configuration is a proof of this mechanism.
Q. No. 2 (xv)Identify the products when CH3MgBr react with ethyl acetate? Give its
mechanism.
Ans. Reaction of Grignard reagent with ester:

Q. No. 2 (xvi) How Lucas Test being employed to distinguish different types of alcohols?
Ans. Lucas test is used to distinguish Pri, sec and tertiary alcohols.
Tertiary alcohol form oily layer immediately.
Secondary alcohol gives oily layer in 5-10 min.
Primary alcohol gives oily layer on heating.

Q. No. 2 (xvii)Compare acidity of phenols and carboxylic acids. Support your

answer by drawing resonance structures?
Ans. Acidity of carboxylic acid > phenol
Carboxylic acid is more acidic than phenol, because carboxylate ion is more stable
conjugate base than phenolate ion because the negative charges spread from O to O atom.
 Phenol is less acidic than carboxylate because there is only one electronegative O atom

Q. No. 2 (xviii)Discuss the reactivity order of following carbonyl compounds with

reason.Formaldehyde > Acetaldehyde > Butanone
Ans. Reactivity of aldehydes and ketones
Formaldehyde> acetaldehyde > butanone
Reason:
1. Size of substituent attached to C=O
Larger group will tend to sterically hinder the approach of incoming nucleophile
making it less reactive.
2. Electronic effect of substituent:
R group are weakly e donating so they make the carbonyl carbon less electrophilic
and less reactive towards nucleophile.

Q. No. 2 (xix) How can the following acid derivative be prepared from
carboxylic acid?
a.Acidanhydride b. Acylhalidc c. Acid amide

Ans. Preparation of acid derivatives from carboxylic acid:

(i) Acid Anhydride:

(ii) Acid Halide:

(iii) Acid Amide:

Q. No. 2 (xx)How can propanoic acid be prepared from methane?

Ans. Ethane to propanoic acid:

SECTION -C
Q 3: (a)Describe the peculiar behavior of 1st member of the alkaline earth metals.
Give seven main differences.
Ans. Peculiar behavior of Beryllium:
Beryllium is the first member of alkaline earth metals and it differs from other members in
following ways:
i.Beryllium is as hard as iron while the other members of the alkaline earth metals are soft.
ii.Melting and boiling point of Beryllium is much higher than other members of its family
iii.Oxide and hydroxide of Beryllium are amphoteric while that of others is basic.
Be(OH)2 + 2HCl → BeCl2 + 2H2O

Be(OH)2 + 2NaOH → Na2[Be(OH)4]

iv.It does not react even with boiling water. Other members of this group react with water and
liberate hydrogen gas.

Mg + H2O → MgO + H2

vi.It is the only member of the family which in reaction with alkalis liberates hydrogen.

Be + 2NaOH → Na2BeO2 + H2

vii.Oxides, nitrides, sulphides, chlorides etc of group II-A are ionic but that of Be are
covalent.

viii.Halides of Beryllium are soluble in organic solvents while others are soluble in water.

Additional points:Only seven differences were asked in question. Following differences

may also be given in answer.

• Behavior of carbides

• Behavior of nitrides
(b)How does arrangement of electrons affect the magnetic properties of transition
elements? How can it be calculated? Calculate magnetic moment of Fe =26.
Ans. Magnetic properties of transition elements:
Transition elements can be classified into following three types on the basis of their magnetic
properties.
(1)Paramagnetic: The substances which are attracted into the magnetic field. It is due to the
unpaired electrons present in the metals and their compounds
(2)Diamagnetic: The substances in which even number of electrons are present and are
slightly repelled by magnetic field, are called diamagnetic.
(3)Ferromagnetic: The substances which can be magnetized are called ferromagnetic.e.g.
Iron, Cobalt, Nickel
Magnetic moment of iron: Magnetic moment of iron can be calculated as:
Fe:
Iron contains 4 unpaired electrons, therefore n = 4
μ = √n(n+2)
= √4(4+2)
= 4.89 BM
Q 4: (a)Define isomerism. Make all possible structural isomers of C4H10O,classify
each giving IUPAC names.
Ans. Isomerism:
Isomerism is the phenomenon in which more than one compounds have the same chemical
formula but different chemical structures.

(b)What are the possible products formed when formaldehyde reacts with the
following reagents?
i. HCN ii. NaOH iii. AgNO3/NH4OH
Ans. i. With HCN:

ii. With NaOH:

iii. With AgNO3/NH4OH:

Q 5: (a) What is beta-elimination reaction? Explain reaction mechanism for the

Unimolecular and Bimolecular elimination reactions of R–X.
Ans. Beta-elimination reactions:
An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed
from a molecule in either a one or two step mechanism. Since beta hydrogen is necessary for
eliminations, it is also called beta-elimination (β-elimination).
E-2 Mechanism:
E2 stands for bimolecular elimination. The reaction involves a one-step mechanism in which
C-H and carbon-halogen bonds break to form a double bond (C=C Pi bond).

E-1 Mechanism:
E1 stands for unimolecular elimination. E1 is a model to explain a particular type of chemical
elimination reaction.
Loss of the leaving group to generate a carbocation intermediate:
 Loss of a proton, H+, from the carbocation

(b) Explain the following:

i. The different routes for the loss of zinc from human body.
ii. Is carbon dioxide responsible for greenhouse effect? If yes then
how?
Ans.i. Different routes for the loss of zinc from the human body are as under:
1) About half of the zinc is eliminated from the body through gastrointestinal tract.
2) It is also secreted through biliary and intestinal secretions.
3) It is also eliminated through urine and surface loses (hair, sweat)
ii.Yes, carbon dioxide is responsible for greenhouse effect. It is because carbon dioxide
is a greenhouse gas i.e. it is capable of absorbing infrared radiation (net heat energy)
emitted from Earth's surface and reradiates it back to Earth's surface.
 Version No. ROLL NUMBER
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③ ③ ③ ③ ③ ③ ③ ③ ③ ③ ③ Answer Sheet No.____________

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⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ Sign. of Candidate ___________
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⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ Sign. of Invigilator ___________

⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨

CHEMISTRY HSSC–II (2nd Set)

SECTION – A (Marks 17)
Time allowed: 25 Minutes
Section – A is compulsory. All parts of this section are to be answered on this page and handed
over to the Centre Superintendent. Deleting/overwriting is not allowed. Do not use lead pencil.
Q.1 Fill the relevant bubble for each part. Each part carries one mark.
(1) Propose which one of the following reactions is more likely to occur through SN1
mechanism?
CCl4/NaOH
A. (CH3 )2 CH − Cl → CH2 )2 CH − OH ⃝
NaOH/H2 O
B. C2 H5 Cl → C2 H5 − OH ⃝
H2 O
NaOH
C. (CH3 )3 CCl → (CH3 )3 C − OH ⃝
𝐶𝐶𝑙4/𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
D. (𝐶𝐻3 )3 𝐶 − 𝐶𝑙 → (𝐶𝐻3 )3 𝐶𝑂𝐻 ⃝
(2) An aldehyde when strongly heated with Fehling’s reagent gives red precipitate.
What property of an aldehyde is observed in this reaction?
A. Reducing property. ⃝ B. Oxidizing property. ⃝
C. Neutralizing ability. ⃝ D. Redox property. ⃝
(3) Predict which one of the following compound is a monomer of an addition
polymer.
A. C2H3Cl ⃝ B. C2H6O ⃝
C. C6H6 ⃝ D. CH2O ⃝
(4) Identify which one of the following has the highest boiling point:
A. 1-Butanol ⃝ B. 2-Butanol ⃝
C. 2-Methyl-2- Propanol ⃝ D. 1- Propanol ⃝
(5) Identify the product Y in the following scheme:
C6H6+CH3Cl AlCl3 X KMnO4 / H2SO4 Y
A. Toluene ⃝ B. Xylene ⃝
C. Benzoic acid. ⃝ D. Acetophenone ⃝
(6) Predict the co-ordination number in [Pt (OH)2 (NH3)4] SO4.
A. 4 ⃝ B. -4 ⃝
C. 6 ⃝ D. 2 ⃝
Page 1 of 2
(7) Identify a mixture of two organic solvents that are used in nail polish remover.
A. Benzene and acetone ⃝ C. Ethyl acetate and CS2 ⃝
B. Benzene and CS2 ⃝ D. Acetone and ethyl acetate ⃝

(8) RNA contains four different nitrogenous bases EXCEPT.

A. Adenine ⃝ B. Guanine ⃝
C. Thymine ⃝ D. Cytosine ⃝

(9) When ozone is treated with alkene, aldehyde and ketone are produced, identify
which one of the following will produce two moles of butanone.
A. 2 Butene ⃝ B. 3,4-Dimethyl-3-hexene. ⃝
C. 3-methyl-3-hexene ⃝ D. 2 – Hexene. ⃝

(10) Cyclopropane is an example of:

A. Acyclic compound ⃝ B. Alicyclic compound ⃝
C. Heterocyclic compound ⃝ D. Aromatic compound ⃝

(11) Identify an element with higher ionization energy:

A. Greater metallic character ⃝ B. Larger atomic size ⃝
C. Strong reducing agent ⃝ D. Less electropositive ⃝

(12) Quote the wave length range of IR region

A. 0.8-2.5µm ⃝ C. 2.5-16µm ⃝
B. 16-1000µm ⃝ D. 400-800µm ⃝

(13) Predict which one of the following metal hydroxide is least soluble in water?
A. Sr(OH)2 ⃝ B. Mg(OH)2 ⃝
C. Ba(OH)2 ⃝ D. Ca(OH)2 ⃝

(14) Name which one of the following gas is not pollutant?

A. Sulphur dioxide ⃝ B. Carbon monoxide ⃝
C. Carbon dioxide ⃝ D. Nitrogen dioxide ⃝

(15) Predict the color change when a base is added into potassium dichromate solution:
A. Yellow to blue ⃝ B. Orange to yellow ⃝
C. Yellow to orange ⃝ D. Green to yellow ⃝

(16) Identify carboxylic acid which is present in Vinegar:

A. citric acid ⃝ B. ethanoic acid ⃝
C. oxalic acid ⃝ D. methanoic acid ⃝

(17) Prioritize the highest acidity of carboxylic acid in the following:

A. Propanoic acid ⃝
B. Ethanoic acid ⃝
C. Chloro-ethanoic acid ⃝
D. 2-Methyl Propanoic acid ⃝

____________________

Page 2 of 2
 Federal Board HSSC-II Examination
Chemistry Model Question Paper
(Curriculum 2006)

Time allowed: 2:35 hours Total Marks: 68

Note: Answer any fourteen parts from Section ‘B’ and attempt any two questions from Section
‘C’ on the separately provided answer book. Write your answers neatly and legibly.

SECTION – B (Marks 42)

Q.2 Attempt any FOURTEEN parts from the following. All parts carry equal marks.
(14  3 = 42)
i. In group II A, Mg behaves differently against water at different conditions. Prove
your answer giving valid chemical equations.

ii. How Fajan rule controls the covalent or ionic character of group IV A elements?
56
iii. 26Fe and 30Zn65 both belongs to 3d series of transition elements, but both show
different magnetic behavior. Give reason.
iv. Describe the role of Chloro flouro Carbon (CFCs) in depleting ozone layer.

v. Why do we arrange compounds in homologous series? Tabulate the first five

members of homologous series of alcohol.

vi. Benzene gives ortho, para and meta substitution products. Identify A and B by
completing reactions.

+ [ O] KMnO4 / H2SO4 A + H2O

A + HNO3 H2SO4 /300C B + H2O

vii. Grignard’s reagent is an organo-metallic compound. How Grignard’s reagent is

used to prepare 2- methyl pentanoic acid? Give valid chemical reaction.

viii. Show functional group isomers of C5 H10 O.

ix. Haloform reaction is used to distinguish the different organic compounds.

Distinguish CH3-CH2-CH2-OH and CH3-CH-CH3 by chemical reaction.
OH
x. Carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol to form organic compound having fruity smell
called ester. Show reaction mechanism of esterification.

xi. Ethanol is used as a fuel. It is a polar compound. Illustrate the manufacturing of

ethanol from the aldehyde with the help of chemical reaction with essential
conditions.

xii. How will you distinguish between pentanal and 3-pentanone by chemical
reactions.
Page 1 of 2
 xiii. Partial hydrogenation of 2-Butyne gives two geometrical isomers. Justify the
statement with the help of valid chemical equations with conditions.

xiv. Name different routes for the loss of mineral zinc from human body.

xv. Lipids possess different physical and chemical properties. Differentiate between
fats and oils, with the structural formula.

xvi. Demonstrate the structural product when CH3_CH2_CHO reacts with NaOH. Also
given the name of the reaction.

xvii. The 0.5439g of organic compound consist of C, H and O was subjected to

combustion analysis and yield 1.03g CO2, 0.636g H2O. Determine its molecular
formula when molar mass of organic compound is 138g/mole.

xviii. Two compounds X and Y having carbonyl functional group (C=O) along with
four carbons. When X and Y are treated with ammonical silver nitrate solution
silver mirror is formed with X while Y does not give silver mirror. Identify X
compound by reaction and give IUPAC name of the X and Y compounds.

xix. Polymers consist of monomers joined by either addition or condensation

reactions. Discuss synthetic condensation polymer with reaction.

xx. Carboxylic acid can be converted into primary alcohol by following sequence of
reactions
CH3CH2CO2H Step I A Step 2 CH3CH2CO2H
Predict the reagent for step 1 and 2. Also identify A by its IUPAC name.

SECTION – C (Marks 26)

Note: Attempt any TWO questions. All questions carry equal marks. (213 = 26)
Q.3 a. Halogens show different oxidizing trend down the group. How they react with
concentrated H2SO4? Support your answer by giving suitable chemical reaction.
(2+2+2)
b. Transition metals have ability to form complex compounds. Describe the
components of complex compounds. (2+2+3)
Q.4 a. Consider the reaction
Aqueous/NaOH
(CH3)3C-Cl x
Demonstrate the reaction mechanism of the reaction. Also explain reaction
mechanism. (3+4)
b. Acetic acid is a weak acid. It is present in vinegar. Illustrate the preparation of
three derivatives from acetic by chemical reactions. (2+2+2)

Q.5 a. Identify A and B compounds by completing the chemical reactions. Also write
IUPAC names of A and B. (2+2+1.5+1.5)
O

NaCN/HCl
CH3CH2CCH3 + HCN A
A + HCl + H2O B + NH4Cl
b. Dye is a colored compound capable of being fixed to a fabric. Discuss any three
classifications of dyes based on chromophores with examples. (2+2+2)
Page 2 of 2
 CHEMISTRY HSSC-II (2nd Set)
Student Learning Outcomes Alignment Chart

SECTION A
Q.1
(1) Describe the mechanism and types of nucleophilic substitution reactions.
(2) Describe oxidation reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
(3) Describe the chemical processes of addition and condensation polymerization.
(4) Explain reactivity of alcohols.
(5) Discuss chemistry of benzene and Friedal craft’s acylation.
(6) Explain shapes, origin of colors and nomenclature of coordination compounds.
(7) Describe preparation and application of various cosmetics like nail polish remover,
lipstick and nail polish.
(8) Identify the structural components of DNA and RNA.
(9) Describe the chemistry of alkanes by the ozonolysis.
(10) Explain the shapes of alkanes and cycloalkanes exemplified by ethane and cyclopropane.
(11) Explain the trends and physical properties in group I, II, IV and VII of the periodic table.
(12) State the regions of electromagnetic spectrum used in IR spectroscopy.
(13) Discuss the trend in solubility of the hydroxides of Group II elements.
(14) Recognize that the release of COx, SOx, NOx and VOCs are associated with the
combustion of hydrocarbons based fuels.
(15) Describe the reactions of potassium dichromate with oxalic acid and Mohr’s salt.
(16) Identify carboxylic acids in the laboratory.
(17) Discuss reactivity of carboxylic acids.

SECTION – B
Q2.
i. Describe reactions of group II elements with water.
ii. Explain the trends in oxidation states in group IV.
iii. Describe the electronic structure of elements and ions of d-block elements.
iv. Describe the role of CFC’s in destroying ozone in the stratosphere.
v. Classify organic compounds on structural basis.
vi. Apply the knowledge of position of substituents in the electrophilic substitution of
benzene.
vii. Discuss the preparation and chemistry of Grignard’s reagent by the addition of carbon
dioxide.
viii. Define and explain the term isomerism with suitable examples.
ix. Compare aldehydes and ketones, describe their reactivity.
x. Describe the chemistry of carboxylic acids by conversion to carboxylic acid derivatives.
xi. Describe the preparation of alcohols by reduction of aldehydes.
xii. Describe the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones and their comparison.
xiii. Discuss chemistry of alkynes by hydrogenation.
xiv. Describe the role of Zn in nutrition.
xv. Describe the basis of classification and structure, function relationship of lipids.
xvi. Discuss chemistry of Grignard’s reagent by the addition of ketone.
xvii. Discuss the procedure of combustion analysis.
xviii. Describe oxidation reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
xix. Describe the chemical processes of addition and condensation polymerization.
xx. Describe the reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives.
 SECTION – C
Q.3 a. Explain the relative behavior of halogens as oxidizing and reducing agents.
b. Explain shapes, origin of colour and nomenclature of coordination compounds.

Q.4 a. Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions.

b. Describe the chemistry of carboxylic acids by conversion to carboxylic acid
derivatives.

Q.5 a. Describe acid and base catalyzed nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes
and ketones.
b. Discuss types and applications of dyes.
 CHEMISTRY HSSC-II (2nd Set)
TABLE OF SPECIFICATION

Topics/S s and p d and f block Organic Hydro Alkyl Alcohol Aldehyde Carboxyl Bio Industria Enviro Analyti Total %age
ubtopics block elements compounds carbons halides phenyl and ic acids chemistr l nmenta cal marks of
elements 14 15 16 and and ketones 20 y chemistr l chemist for each cogniti
13 amines ether 19 21 y chemist ry 24 Assess ve
17 18 22 ry ment level
23 Objecti
ve
(Knowled 1xv(01) 1x(01) 1ii(01) 4b(06) 1viii(01) 1vii(01) 1xiv(01 1xii(01) 36 31%
ge based) 3b(07) 2v(03) 2xiv(03) 5b(07) )
2iv(03)

(Understa 1xi(01) 1vi(01) 1ix(01) 1i(01) 1iv(01) 2xii(03) 1xvi(01) 2xv(03) 2xix(03) 1iii(01) 57 49.1%
nding 1xiii(01) 2vi(03) 2vii(03) 2xviii(03) 2x(03)
based) 2i(03) 2xiii(03) 2xvi(03 2xx(03)
2ii(03) )
3a(06) 4a(07)

(Applicati 2iii(03) 1v(01) 2ix(03) 2xi(03) 1xvii(01) 2xvii(03 23 19.8%

on based) 2viii(03) 5a(06) )

Total 14 12 4 11 14 4 16 14 7 11 5 4 116 100%

marks for
each
Topic/Su
btopic

KEY:
1(1)1
Question No (Part No.) Allocated Marks
Note: (i) The policy of FBISE for knowledge based questions, understanding based questions and application based questions is approximately as
follows:
a) 30% knowledge based.
b) 50% understanding based.
c) 20% application based.
(ii) The total marks specified for each unit/content in the table of specification is only related to this model question paper.
(iii) The level of difficulty of the paper is approximately as follows:
a) 40% easy
b) 40% moderate
c) 20% difficult
 Solution HSSC-II Model Paper (2nd Set)
SECTION – A
Q 1:Answer Key

1. C 2. B 17. C
3. A 4. A
5. C 6. C
7. D 8. C
9. B 10. B
11. D 12. C
13. B 14. C
15. B 16. B

SECTION – B
i. In group II A, Mg behaves differently against water at different conditions.
Prove your answer giving valid chemical equations.
Ans: Magnesium reacts differently with water under different conditions
a. With Cold Water
Mg reacts slowly with cold water with evolution of bubbles of H2 gas.
Mg(s) + H2O(l)  Mg(OH)2 (s) + H2 (g)
The reaction stops after some time because Mg(OH)2 produced in the reaction forms a
protective layer on the surface of metal ,thus preventing the further reaction.
b. With Steam
The reactivity of Mg increases at high temperature and it burns with steam to produce
MgO and
H2 gas.
Mg(s) + H2O(l)  MgO (s) + H2 (g)

ii. How Fajan rule controls the covalent or ionic character of group IV A
elements?
Ans: Fajan’s rule predicts the nature of compounds formed by an element existing in
different oxidation states. It states that ‘’ Smaller the cation with high charge density
makes the bond more covalent’’.
Explanation
Three elements of Group-IV (Ge , Sn & Pb) exist in two oxidation states; +2 & +4.
According to the Fajan’s rule , the compounds containing larger M+2 cations with low
charge density are ionic whereas the compounds containing smaller M+4 ions with high
charge density are covalent.
Example :
Tin forms two chlorides ; SnCl2& SnCl4
SnCl2 is ionic due to larger Sn+2 ion (low charge density)
SnCl4 is covalent due to smaller Sn+4 ion (high charge density)

iii. 56 and 30Zn65 both belongs to 3d series of transition elements, but both
26Fe
show different magnetic behavior. Give reason.
Ans:The magnetic properties of an element depends upon its electronic structure. Fe and
Zn both are present in first series of transition elements and have different number of
electrons in their (n-1) d-orbitals. Valence shell electronic configuration of Fe shows that
it is paramagnetic due to the presence of four unpaired electrons in 3d orbitals. It is also
paramagnetic in its common +2 and +3 oxidation states & is also Ferromagnetic. Zinc is
diamagnetic due to the presence of all the paired electrons in its 3d orbitals in elemental
as well as its common +2 oxidation state.

     

iv. Describe the role of Chloroflouro Carbon (CFCs) in depleting ozone layer.
Ans: ChloroFluoro Carbons like Freon-1(CFCl3) and Freon-2 (CF2Cl2) are chemically
inert and do not react with other substances. They are mostly used as refrigerants and as
aerosol solvents.In the stratosphere, CFC absorb UV radiations and are broken down into
free atomic chlorine (Chlorine free radical). This atomic chlorine decomposes O3 into O2
causing depletion of ozone layer according to the following reactions.
CF2Cl2Cl• + CF2Cl
Cl• + O3 ClO• + O2
ClO• + O3  Cl• + 2 O2
v. Why do we arrange compounds in homologous series? Tabulate the first five
members of homologous series of alcohol.
Ans: Homologous series is the series of organic compounds with similar functional
groups in which the successive members differ by a –CH2 unit.
This series enables the chemists to study different organic compounds
systematically because:
a. the members of homologous series have same functional group.
b. they have same chemical properties.
c. they have same general methods of preparation.
d. their physical properties like m.p. , b.p. , density etc increase due to
increase in molecular mass.
 Homologous Series For Alcohols Gen. Formula : Cn H2n +1 OH

n Formula Name
1 CH3 OH Methanol
2 CH3 CH2 OH Ethanol
3 CH3 CH2 CH2 OH 1-Propanol
4 CH3 CH2 CH2CH2 OH 1-Butanol
5 CH3 CH2CH2 CH2CH2 OH 1-Pentanol

vi. Benzene gives ortho, para and meta substitution products. Identify A and B
by completing reactions.

+ [ O] KMnO4 / H2SO4 A + H2O

A + HNO3 H2SO4 /300C B + H2O
Ans:

vii. Grignard’s reagent is an organo-metallic compound. How Grignard’s

reagent is used to prepare 2- methyl pentanoic acid? Give valid chemical
reaction.
Ans: CH3CH2CH2CHMgBr + O=C=O HCl/H2O CH3CH2CH2CHCOOH
CH3 CH3

viii. Show functional group isomers of C5 H10 O.

Ans:

2- Pentanone.
Pentanal
 ix. Haloform reaction is used to distinguish the different organic compounds.
Distinguish CH3-CH2-CH2-OH and CH3-CH-CH3 by chemical reaction.
OH

Ans:

+ 4I2+ NaOH CHI3 + 5NaI + 5H2O + CH3 – COONa

HeatYellow ppt.

CH3–-CH2– CH2–-OH + I2+ NaOH No reaction (because no methyl group adjacent

to OHcarbon)
Heat

x. Carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol to form organic compound having fruity
smell called ester. Show reaction mechanism of esterification.
Ans:
Step 1 Protonation of carboxylic acid.

CH3-C-OH + H+ +
CH3-C-OH
: ..
O
OH

Steo 2 Attack of ethanol.

+
C2H5-O-H

CH3-C-OH
+ ..
+ C2H5OH CH3-C-OH
..

OH O
H

Step 3 Hhydrogen ion transfer.

+
C2H5-O-H
H
C2H5-O
CH3-C-OH
CH3-C-OH
+
O
H O-H

Step4 Elimination of water and H+

C2H5-O
C2H5-O H
CH3-C=O + H2O + H+
CH3-C-OH
+
O-H
 xi. Ethanol is used as a fuel. It is a polar compound. Illustrate the
manufacturing of ethanol from the aldehyde with the help of chemical
reaction with essential conditions.
Ans: LiAlH4
CH3-CHO+3[H] CH3CH2OH

xii. How will you distinguish between pentanal and 3-pentanone by chemical
reactions.
Ans: Heat
CH3–-CH2– CH2–-CH2–-CHO +Cu(OH)2+NaOH Cu2O + CH3–-CH2– CH2–-CH2 –COONa+2H2O
Red ppt

Heat

+Cu(OH)2+ NaOH No Red ppt

xiii. Partial hydrogenation of 2-Butyne gives two geometrical isomers. Justify the
3- pentanone
statement with the help of valid chemical equations with conditions.

xiii. Partial hydrogenation of 2-Butyne gives two geometrical isomers. Justify the statement
with the help of valid chemical equations with conditions

Ans.

.
Na/liq NH3-33Co

Pd/BaSO4 quinoline
 xiv. Name different routes for the loss of mineral zinc from human body.
Ans:
All specific enzymes require zinc for their catalytic function. If zinc is removed from the
catalytic site, Activity is lost. Approximately half of the zinc is eliminated from gastrointestinal
tract from the body. Considerable amount of zinc is secreted through the biliary and intestinal
secretions, but most of it is reabsorbed and this process is important for regulation of zinc
balance. Other routes of zinc excretion include the urine and surface losses (hair, sweat).
xv. Lipids possess different physical and chemical properties. Differentiate between fats
and oils, with the structural formula.
Ans:

Structure of FAT Structure of OIL

xvi .Demonstrate the structural product when CH3_CH2_CHO reacts with NaOH. Also
given the name of the reaction.
Ans.

Name of reaction: Aldol condensation

xvii. The 0.5439g of organic compound consist of C, H and O was subjected to combustion
analysis and yield 1.03g CO2, 0.636g H2O. Determine its molecular formula when molar
mass of organic compound is 138g/mole.

Ans:
Carbon: 1.039 g x (12.011 g / 44.0098 g) = 0.28 g

Hydrogen: 2.70 g x (2.0158 g / 18.0152 g) = 0.0712 g

Amount of O = 0.5439-(0.28+0.0712) = 0.1922

2) Convert grams of C and H to their respective amount of moles.

Carbon: 0.28 g / 12.011 g/mol = 0.0233 mol

Hydrogen: 0.0712 g / 1.0079 g/mol = 0.0697 mol

Oxygen: 0.1922/16 g/mol = 0.012

3) Divide each molar amount by the lowest value, seeking to modify the above molar amounts
into small, whole numbers.
Carbon: 0.0233 mol / 0.012 mol = 2

Hydrogen: 0.0697 mol / 0.012 mol = 2.9986 = 6

Oxygen: 0.12 mol /0.12 mol = 1

The molecular formula of the substance is C2H6O.

Molecular Formula = n x empirical formula

n= Relative molecular mass/ empirical formula mass

n= 138/ 46

n=3 Molecular Formula = n x empirical formula

Molecular Formula = 3 x C2H6O = C6H18O3

xviii Two compounds X and Y having carbonyl functional group (C=O) along with four
carbons. When X and Y are treated with ammonical silver nitrate solution silver mirror is
formed with X while Y does not give silver mirror. Identify X compound by reaction and
give IUPAC name of the X and Y compounds.
Ans.
Compound X is Aldehyde (Acetaldehyde) and Y (Acetone) is ketone.
 Acetaldehyde gives silver mirror on treatment with Ammonical silver nitrate while Acetone
doesn’t give this reaction.

xix. Polymers consist of monomers joined by either addition or condensation reactions.

Discuss synthetic condensation polymer with reaction.
Ans.
Condensation polymers are formed by combination of monomers with the elimination of
condensation molecules. Nylon6,6 is an example of synthetic condensation polymer.

xx. Carboxylic acid can be converted into primary alcohol by following sequence of
reactions
CH3CH2CO2H Step I A Step 2 CH3CH2CO2H
Predict the reagent for step 1 and 2. Also identify A by its IUPAC name.

Ans. Step 1 is LiAlH4

A is CH3CH2COH
Step 2 is K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4
Section C
Q.3 a. Halogens show different oxidizing trend down the group. How they react
with concentrated H2SO4? Support your answer by giving suitable chemical
reaction. (2+2+2)

Ans: . i. With Chloride Ions

The chloride ions will not reduce the concentrated Sulphuric acid.
2NaCl + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HCl
ii. With Bromide Ions
Bromide ions are strong reducing agents and reduce concentrated Sulphuric acid. In this
process, the bromide ions are oxidized to bromine.
2NaBr + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HBr
2HBr + H2SO4 Br2 + SO2 + H2O
The oxidation state of sulphur decreases from +6 in the sulphuric acid to +4 in the SO2.

iii. With Iodide Ions

Iodide ions are stronger reducing agents than bromide ions.
2NaI + 4H2SO4 4Na2SO4 + 8HI
8HI + H2SO4 4I2 + H2S + 4H2O
Oxidation state of Sulphur decrease from +6 to -2.

b. Transition metals have ability to form complex compounds. Describe the

components of complex compounds.
Ans:Components of Complex Compounds

a) Central metal atom or ion:

A central metal atom or ion is usually a transition element. It is surrounded by a number
of ligands.
b) Ligand:
The atom, ion (usually anions) or neutral molecule which surrounds the central metal
atom or ion by donating the electron pair is called ligand. e.g. K [Fe(CN) ] and K [Fe(CN) ],
4 6 3 6

CN- is the ligand.

Types of Ligands:
Depending upon number of donatable electron pairs, ligands are of many types:
1) Monodentate Ligands:
Those ligands which have only one donatable electron pair. Such ligands may be
negatively charged, or neutral.
Examples:
1) Negatively charged ligands F , Cl , Br , I , OH , CN
- - - - - -

2) Neutral ligands H O, NH , CO
2 3

2) Bidentate Ligands:
Those ligands which have two donatable electron pairs are called bidentate ligands.
Examples:
Carbonate ion, Sulphate ion, Oxalate ion, Hydrazine, Ethylene diamine
 3) Tridentate Ligands:
Those ligands which have three donatable electron pairs
Examples

Diethylenetriammine
4) Hexadentate Ligands:
Those ligands which have six donatable electron pairs.

c) Coordination Sphere
The central neutral metal atom or ion along with ligand is called coordination sphere. It is
usually placed in the square brackets. It may be positively charged, negatively charged or
neutral. E.g. K [Fe(CN) ], the [Fe(CN) ] is the coordination sphere of this complex
4 6 6
-4

compound.

d) Coordination Number
Ligancy or coordination number: It is total number of ligands that can coordinate to central
metal atom or ion. It represents total no of chemical bonds formed between central metal
atom or ion & donor atoms of ligands

Q.4 a. Consider the reaction

Aqueous/NaOH
(CH3)3C-Cl x
Demonstrate the reaction mechanism of the reaction. Also explain reaction
mechanism. (3+4)
Ans:
i) This type of mechanism involves two steps .
ii) The first step is the reversible ionization of the alkyl halide in the presence
of an aqueous acetone or an aqueous ethyl alcohol .This step provides a
carbocation as an intermediate.
iii) In the second step this carbocation is attacked by the nucleophile to give
the product.
iv) First step involves the breakage of a covalent bond so it is a slow step as
compared to the second step which involves the energetically favorable
combination of ions.
v) Mathematically, the rate can be expressed as.
Rate=k[alkyl halide]
 vi) Therefore we, observe 50% inversion of configuration and 50% retention of
configuration.
vii) Order of reactivity of alkyl halide is Tertiary alkyl halides ≥ secondary alkyl
halides≥ primary alkyl halides

b. Acetic acid is a weak acid. It is present in vinegar. Illustrate the preparation

of three derivatives from acetic by chemical reactions.
(2+2+2)
Ans:
Q.5 a. Identify A and B compounds by completing the chemical reactions. Also write
IUPAC names of A and B. (2+2+1.5+1.5)
O

NaCN/HCl
CH3CH2CCH3 + HCN A
A + HCl + H2O B + NH4Cl
Ans:

2- cyano – 2 – butanol 2- hydroxy- 2- methylbutanoicacid.

b. Dye is a colored compound capable of being fixed to a fabric. Discuss any three
classifications of dyes based on chromophores with examples.(2+2+2)
Ans:
CLASSIFICATION OF DYES BY STRUCTURE:
Dyes may be classified according to the type of chromophores present in their structures. This
method of classification includes the following main types:
1. Nitro and Nitroso Dyes: The NO2 and NO groups are chromophores in this class of dyes
examples are,
2. Azo Dyes: The azo dyes contain one or more azo groups, -N=N- as the primary
chromophore. The common auxochromes are NH2, NR2, OH, SO3H, etc.

a. Para Red: It was the first azo dye to be prepared. Para red is obtained by the reaction of
diazotized p-nitroaniline with β-naphthol on fabric itself.
b. Methyl Orange: Methyl orange imparts orange color to wool and silk but the color is
not fast to sunlight or washing. It is a valuable indicator for acid – base titrations because
it gives yellow color in basic solution and red color in acid solution. The change in color
is due to the change in the structure of the ions.

c. Congo Red: Congo red contains two azo groups. It is obtained by coupling tetrazotised
benzidine with two molecules of naphthionic acid.
d. Bismarck Brown: It is obtained by coupling tetrazotised m-diaminobenzene with two
molecules of m-diaminobenzene.

3. Triarylmethane Dyes: In triarylmethane dyes, a central carbon is bonded to three

aromatic rings one of which is in the quinoid form (the chromophore). The auxochromes
are –NH2, -NR2 and –OH. Examples are
a. Malachite Green:

Malachite green has a deep green-blue color. Although the color fades in light, malachite
green is used as a direct dye for wool and silk,

b. Phenolphthalein:

It is also a triarylmethane dye but it is better known as an acid-base indicator.

 4. Anthraquinone Dyes:

The para quinoid chromophore is present in these anthracene-type dyes. Alizarin is a typical
anthtraquinone dye. Alizarin forms ruby red crystals which dissolve in alkali to give purple
solutions. It is used to dye wool and cotton.

5. Indigo Dyes:

Indigo is an example of the type of dyes which contain carbonyl chromophore. It is a dark-
blue crystalline compound, insoluble in water. It is used for dyeing cotton by the Vat process.

Note: Any three out of five can be explained by the student.

 Version No. ROLL NUMBER

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CHEMISTRY HSSC–II (3rd Set)

SECTION – A (Marks 17)
Time allowed: 25 Minutes

Section – A is compulsory. All parts of this section are to be answered on this page and handed
over to the Centre Superintendent. Deleting/overwriting is not allowed. Do not use lead pencil.

Q.1 Fill the relevant bubble for each part. Each part carries one mark.
(1) Predict the decomposition product which will give brown colored gas:
A. Na2SO4 ⃝ B. BaCO3 ⃝
C. Mg(NO3)2 ⃝ D. CaSO4 ⃝

(2) Li2CO3 is thermally unstable whereas other Group-I carbonates are stable. Predict
the reason.
A. Li is less electropositive ⃝
B. Li has low ionization potential ⃝
+ -2
C. Li can effectively polarize CO3 ion ⃝
D. Li+ cannot effectively polarize CO3-2 ion ⃝

(3) Identify the nature of the ligand

A. Monodentate ⃝ B. Bidentate ⃝
C. Tridentate ⃝ D. Hexadentate ⃝

(4) Label the element in the first series of outer transition elements that has highest
binding energy.
A. Titanium ⃝ B. Vanadium ⃝
C. Chromium ⃝ D. Manganese ⃝

Page 1 of 3
(5) Identify the functional group present in the Anhydride.

A. ⃝ B. ⃝

C. ⃝ D. ⃝

(6) What is the IUPAC name of alkene which will give propanone and propanal on
Ozonolysis?
A. 2-Butene ⃝ B. 2-Methyl-2-Butene ⃝
C. 2-Pentene ⃝ D. 2-Methyl-2-Pentene ⃝

(7) Propose the types of Isomerism shown by 1-Butanol.

A. Chain isomerism & Position isomerism ⃝
B. Chain isomerism & Functional group isomerism ⃝
C. Chain isomerism, Position isomerism & Functional group isomerism ⃝
D. Position isomerism, Functional group isomerism & Metamerism ⃝

(8) What is the name of Grignard Reagent that will give 2,2-Dimethyl Propanoic
Acid on reaction with CO2?
A. n-Propyl Magnesium Bromide ⃝
B. Iso-propyl magnesium Bromide ⃝
C. N-Butyl Magnesium Bromide ⃝
D. Neo-Butyl Magnesium Bromide ⃝

(9) Amines are basic in nature. Identify which one of the following is more basic?

A. ⃝ B. ⃝

C. ⃝ D. ⃝

(10) Identify the most reactive Alcohol with respect to the breakage of O-H bond.
A. CH3-OH ⃝ B. CH3-CH2 OH ⃝

C. ⃝ D. ⃝

(11) Predict the product of acid hydrolysis of CH3 -C≡C- CH3 in the presence of
HgSO4 catalyst.
A. Acetaldehyde ⃝ B. Propanal ⃝
C. 2-Butanol ⃝ D. Butanone ⃝

(12) When secondary alcohol reacts with NaOH to produce yellow ppt, it is called:
A. Lucas test ⃝ B. Benedict test ⃝
C. Toulen test ⃝ D. Iodoform test ⃝

(13) Identify the name of the compound which will give acetamide on heating?
A. Ethyl amine ⃝ B. Ethyl Nitrile ⃝
C. Ethyl Diazonium Chloride⃝ D. Ammonium Acetate ⃝

Page 2 of 3
14. Predict which maltose is the disaccharide of
A. Glucose only ⃝ B. Galactose only ⃝
C. Glucose & Fructose ⃝ D. Galactose & Fructose ⃝

(15) Predict which one of the following substance is used as film forming agent in nail
polish?
A. Nitrocellulose ⃝ B. Ethyl acetate ⃝
C. Butyl stearate ⃝ D. Glycerol ⃝

(16) Identify which one of the following water pollutant is Carcinogenic?

A. Polycyclic hydrocarbons ⃝
B. Mineral acids ⃝
C. D.D.T ⃝
D. Nitrate fertilizers ⃝

(17) Mass spectrum of Magnesium shows that it contains three isotopes. Mg-24
(78.70%), Mg-25 (10.13%) & Mg-26(11.17%). The average atomic mass of Mg
is:
A. 24.32 amu ⃝ B. 25.32 amu ⃝
C. 26.32 amu ⃝ D. 27.32 amu ⃝

_____________

Page 3 of 3
 Federal Board HSSC-II Examination
Chemistry Model Question Paper
(Curriculum 2006)

Time allowed: 2:35 hours Total Marks: 68

Note: Answer any fourteen parts from Section ‘B’ and attempt any two questions from Section
‘C’ on the separately provided answer book. Write your answers neatly and legibly.

SECTION – B (Marks 42)

Q.2 Attempt any FOURTEEN parts from the following. All parts carry equal marks.
(14  3 = 42)
i. List three raw materials of nail polish.
ii. Propose reaction mechanism of following.

iii. Describe the significance of catalytic converter and give reactions involved in it.
iv. Demonstrate reaction of 1-Butyne with ammonical silver nitrate and cuprous
chloride.
v. Illustrate one method of preparation of diazonium salt.
vi. Briefly describe contact adhesives.
vii. Briefly describe the oxidative cleavage of 1,2 -diol. Give valid chemical reaction.
viii. Differentiate between C6H5OH and C6H13OH by chemical reaction.
ix. Demonstrate the oxidation of:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CHO and CH3-C-CH2CH3 by chemical reactions.
O
x. Propose reaction mechanism of 2,2 -Dimethyl butanal with sodium hydroxide.
xi. Briefly discuss reactivity of Ethanoic acid with phenol.
xii. Explain briefly the role of inhibitors in enzyme catalyzed reactions.
xiii. List down all the various raw materials for petrochemical industry.
xiv. Recognize and briefly describe water pollutants.
xv. State the regions electromagnetic spectrum used in IR and UV spectroscopy.
xvi. Explain briefly the trends of oxidation states in groups IA, IIA, IVA, and VIIA of
the periodic table.
xvii. Demonstrate the reaction of potassium dichromate with oxalic acid by balanced
chemical equation.
xviii. List three uses of plants as a source organic compound.
xix. Interpret why SN2 mechanism is chosen rather than SN1 in the preparation of
primary alkyl halides?
xx. Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’ by completing reactions.
CH3CH2CH2OH K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 A NaHSO3 B

Page 1 of 2
 SECTION – C (Marks 26)
Note: Attempt any TWO questions. All questions carry equal marks. (213 = 26)
Q.3 a. Propose reaction mechanism of free radical with ethane. (06)
b. Identify factors that affect enzyme activity such as temperature and pH. Describe
the components of complex compounds. (2+2+3)
Q.4 a. Demonstrate by the balanced chemical reaction of potassium manganate (VII)
with the following: (2+2+2)
(i) Ferrous Sulphate (ii) Oxalic acid (iii) Mohr’s salt
b. Describe the trend in solubility of the hydroxides sulphates and carbonates of
group IIA. (2+2+3)

Q.5 a. Identify A and B compounds by completing the chemical reactions. Also write
IUPAC names of A and B. (2.5+2.5+2)
O O

(i) CH3-CH2C-O-C-CH2-CH3 + CH3-O -H A+B

O O

(ii) CH3-CH2C-O-C-CH2-CH3 + H2O A+B

O O

(iii) CH3-CH2C-O-C-CH2-CH3 + CH3-CH2-NH2 A+B

b. Analyze the ethanol Infrared spectrum by using following data. (06)

*****

Page 2 of 2
 CHEMISTRY HSSC-II (3rd Set)
Student Learning Outcomes Alignment Chart

SECTION A
Q.1
1. Discuss the trends in thermal stability of the nitrates and carbonates of Group-II elements.
2. Explain the effect of heat on carbonates of Group-I elements.
3. Explain the shapes, origin of colors and nomenclature of coordination compounds.
4. Describe electronic structure of elements and ions of d-block elements.
5. Explain nomenclature and structure of aldehydes.
6. Describe the chemistry of alkenes by ozonolysis.
7. Define and explain with suitable examples the term isomerism
8. Discuss chemistry of Grignard reagent by the addition of carbon dioxide.
9. Discuss basicity of Amines.
10. Explain reactivity of alcohols.
11. Discuss the chemistry of Alkynes by hydrohalogenation.
12. Identify alcohols using Idoform Test.
13. Describe preparation of Amides.
14. Explain the basis of classification of carbohydrates.
15. Describe preparation of nail polish.
16. Recognize and describe various water pollutants.
17. Outline the use of MS in determination of relative isotopic masses and isotopic
abundance.

SECTION-B
Q.2
i. Describe preparation and applications of various cosmetics like nail varnish, nail polish
remover and lipstick.
ii. Discuss chemistry of benzene and methyl benzene by Friedal Craft’s Alkylation and
Acylation.
iii. List possible alternatives to the use of CFSs.
iv. Discuss chemistry of Alkynes by hydrogenation, hydration, bromination and reaction
with metals.
v. Describe chemistry of Amines by alkylation of amines with RX, reactions with
aldehydes, ketones, preparation of amides and diazonium salts.
vi. Describe the types and applications of synthetic adhesives.
vii. Describe the chemistry of alcohols by oxidative cleavage of 1, 2-diols.
viii. Differentiate between alcohol and phenol.
ix. Describe oxidation reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
x. Describe acid and base catalyzed nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and
ketones.
xi. Discuss reactivity of phenol and carboxylic acid.
xii. Explain the role of inhibitors of enzyme catalyzed reactions.
xiii. List the various raw materials for photo chemical industry.
xiv. Recognize and describe various water pollutants.
xv. State the regions of electromagnetic spectrum used in IR and UV visible spectrum.
xvi. Explain the trends in physical properties and oxidation states in group I, II, IV and VI of
Periodic table.
xvii. Describe the reactions of potassium dichromate with oxalic acid.
xviii. Explain the use of plants as a source of organic compounds.
xix. Describe the mechanism and types of nucleophilic substitution reactions.
xx. Reactivity of alcohols (oxidation).

SECTION-C

Q.3 a. Describe the mechanism of free radical substitution in ethane.

b. Identify factors that affect enzyme activity such as effect of temperature and PH

Q.4 a Describe the reactions of potassium manganite VII with ferrous sulphate, oxalic
acid and Mohr’s salt.
b. Describe the trend in solubility of hydroxides, sulphates and carbonates of Group
II elements.

Q.5 a. Describe the reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives.

b. Determine the structure of ethanol from its IR spectrum.
 CHEMISTRY HSSC-II (3rd Set)
TABLE OF SPECIFICATION

Topics/Sub s and p d and f Organic Hydro Alkyl Alcohol Aldehyd Carboxylic Bio Industrial Environme Analytical Total %age of
topics block block compounds carbons halides and phenyl and e and acids chemistry chemistry ntal chemistry marks cognitive
elements elements 15 16 amines ether ketones 20 21 22 chemistry 24 for each level
13 14 17 18 19 23 Assess
ment
Objecti
ve
(Knowledg 4 b(7) 1(4)(1) 2 xviii(3) 1(6)(1) 1(8)(1) 1(12)(1) 1(13)(1) 2 i(3) 2 iii(3) 2 xv(3) 36 31%
e based) 2 vii(3) 2 vi(3) 2 xiii(3)
2 xiv(3)
(Understan 1(1)(1) 1(3)(1) 1(5)(1) 1(11)(1) 1(9)(1) 1(10)(1) 2 ix(3) 5 a(7) 1(14)(1) 1(15)(1) 1(16)(1) 57 49.1%
ding based) 1(2)(1) 2 xvii(3) 2 iv(3) 2 xix(3) 2 viii(3) 2 xii(3)
2 xvi(3) 4 a(6) 3 b(7) 2 xi(3)
2 xx(3)
(Applicatio 1(7)(1) 2 v(3) 2 x(3) 1(17)(1) 23 19.8%
n based) 2 ii(3) 5 b(6)
3 a(6)
Total marks 12 11 04 15 15 14 06 08 04 07 10 10 116 100%
for each
Topic/Subt
opic

KEY:
1(1)(1)
Question No. (Part No.) (Allocated Marks)
Note: (i) The policy of FBISE for knowledge based questions, understanding based questions and application based questions is approximately as
follows:
a) 30% knowledge based.
b) 50% understanding based.
c) 20% application based.
(ii) The total marks specified for each unit/content in the table of specification is only related to this model question paper.
(iii) The level of difficulty of the paper is approximately as follows:
a) 40% easy
b) 40% moderate
c) 20% difficult
 CHEMISTRY HSSC–II (3rd Set Solution)
SECTION – A (Marks 12)
Time allowed: 20 Minutes

Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Key C C D C D D C D D A D D D A A A A

SECTION-B

Q-No. 2

i. List three raw materials of nail polish.

Answer:

Three Raw materials of nail polish are :

a. Film Forming Agents : e.g. Nitrocellulose
b. Resins & Plasticizers : e.g. Caster- oil , Amyl & Butyl stearate.
c. Colouring agents : e.g. Pearl or Fish scale

ii. Propose reaction mechanism of following.

Answer:

O
O
AlCl3
C-CH2-CH3 + HCl
+ CH3-CH2-CCl
Heat

NO2
+ HNO3 H2SO4
+ HCl

NO2 NO2
AlCl3
+HCl
+CH3Cl
Heat CH3
iii. Describe the significance of catalytic converter and give reactions involved in it.

Answer:

Catalytic converter is a device attached to the exhaust of automobile engine and contains
Platinum as catalyst. Inside the catalytic converter, the exhaust gases consisting of un-burnt
hydrocarbons, CO & NO are mixed with air and passed over Pt-catalyst at high temperature.
The following reactions take place:
2 C8 H18 + 25 O2  16 CO2 + 18 H2O
2 CO + O2  2 CO2
2 NO + 2 CO  N2 + 2 CO2

Significance: As a result of these reactions, the exhaust gases are converted into harmless N2,
CO2 and H2O vapours and help to reduce air pollution.

iv. Demonstrate reaction of 1-Butyne with ammonical silver nitrate and cuprous
chloride.

Answer.

Reaction of 1- Butyne with Ammonical Silver Nitrate results in the formation of white ppt of
Silver Butynide.
CH3-CH2- C≡ CH + AgNO3 + NH4OH  CH3-CH2- C≡ C-Ag + + NH4 NO3 + H2O
(White ppt)

Reaction of 1- Butyne with Ammonical Cuprous Chloride results in the formation of red ppt of
Copper Butynide.
CH3-CH2- C≡ CH + Cu2Cl2 +2 NH4OH  CH3-CH2- C≡ C-Cu + + 2 NH4 Cl + 2 H2O
(Red ppt)

v. Illustrate one method of preparation of diazonium salt.

Answer.

Preparation of Diazonium Salt

When Ethyl amine is reacted with Nitrous acid in the presence of HCl at 0 oC , Ethyl diazonium
chloride is produced.
CH3-CH2- NH2 + HNO2 + HCl  CH3-CH2- N ≡ N-Cl + 2 H2O

vi. Briefly describe contact adhesives

Answer.

Contact adhesives are applied to both the surfaces which are to be bound. The adhesive is
allowed to stand for some time to dry and then two surfaces are pushed together. Some contact
adhesives require 24 hours to dry before the surfaces are held together.

vii. Briefly describe the oxidative cleavage of 1,2 -diol. Give valid chemical reaction.

Answer.

HO OH H H

H C C H + HIO4 C O + C O + HIO3 + H2O

H H H Methanal H
Glycol
When Ethane – 1,2- diol (Glycol) is heated with Periodic acid , it is cleaved into to molecules
of Formaldehyde. This reaction is specific test for 1,2- diols and is also known as oxidative
cleavage.

viii. Differentiate between C6H5OH and C6H13OH by chemical reaction

Answer.

Differentiation between Phenol ( C6H5OH ) & Hexanol (C6H13OH) by a Chemical reaction.

Phenol Hexanol

Phenol reacts with Conc HNO3 to produce yellow It does not react with Conc. HNO3
crystalline ppt of Picric acid.

Phenol reacts with Bromine water to produce white ppt of Hexanol does not give this reaction.
2,4,6-Tribromo Phenol.

ix. Demonstrate the oxidation of:

CH3-CH2-CH2-CHO and CH3-C-CH2CH3 by chemical reactions.
O
Answer.

Oxidation of Butanal : Oxidation of aldehydes with acidified Potassium Dichromate gives

Carboxylic acids.

K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
CH3-CH2-CH2- CHO + [O] ------------------- CH3-CH2-CH2- COOH + H2O

Oxidation of Butanone : Oxidation of Butanone with acidified Potassium Dichromate gives

acetic acid.
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
CH3-CO-CH2CH3 + [O] ------------------- 2 CH3- COOH

x. Propose reaction mechanism of 2,2 -Dimethyl butanal with sodium hydroxide.

Answer.
Step 1:

CH3
CH3 OH
/ /
CH3-CH2-C-C-H + OH- CH3-CH2-C-C-H
/ /
CH3 O CH3 O-

Step 2:

CH3 CH3
/ /
CH3-CH2-C-C-H CH3-CH2-C-C-OH
CH3 OH / /
CH3 O CH3 O
/
CH3-CH2-C-C-H +

+
CH3 O - CH3
/
CH3-CH2-C-CH2-O-
/
CH3

Step 3:

CH3 CH3
/ /
CH3-CH2-C-C-OH CH3-CH2-C-CH2-O-
/ /
CH3 O CH3

CH3
CH3 /
/ CH3-CH2-C-C-O-
CH3-CH2-C-CH2-OH /
/ CH3 O
CH3

Step 4:

CH3
/ CH3
CH3-CH2-C-C-O- + NaOH /
/ CH3-CH2-C-C-ONa + OH-
CH3 O /
CH3 O
xi. Briefly discuss reactivity of Ethanoic acid with phenol.

Answer.

Phenol gives two types of reactions

(a) Reaction due to O-H bond breaking

(b) Reaction due to O-H benzene
(a) Ethanoic acid reacts with Phenol in the presence of Conc. H2SO4 to form Phenyl acetate, an
ester.

(b) Reaction due to OH group on benzene will give ortho and para product

xii. Explain briefly the role of inhibitors in enzyme catalyzed reactions.

Answer.

A molecule which binds with enzyme and decreases its reactivity is known as Inhibitor. There
are two types of enzyme inhibition.
Irreversible Inhibition:
In irreversible inhibition, the inhibitors form strong covalent bonds with active site of enzyme.
This type of inhibition is stable and cannot be reversed.
Reversible Inhibition:
In reversible inhibition, the inhibitor forms weak bonds with active or non-active site of
enzyme. The activity of enzyme can be restored in this process. The reversible inhibition is
further divided into two types:
a. Competitive inhibition b. Non-competitive inhibition.

xiii. List down all the various raw materials for petrochemical industry.

Answer.

Raw Materials For Petrochemical Industry

The raw materials for petrochemical industry are classified into three types:
a. Olefins: It includes ethylene, propylene and Butadiene. Ethylene and Propylene are the
major sources of industrial chemicals and plastic products. Butadiene is used in making
synthetic rubber.
b. Aromatics: It includes Benzene, Xylene and Toluene. Aromatic hydrocarbons are produced
by catalytic reforming in oil refineries.
c. Synthetic Gas: It is the mixture of Carbon monoxide and Hydrogen. It is used to make
Ammonia and Methanol.
xiv. Recognize and briefly describe water pollutants.

Answer.

Water Pollution
The contamination of water with the substances which adversely effects humans, animals and
plants is known as water pollution. It is caused by three types of water pollutants.
TYPES OF WATER POLLUTANTS:
1. Suspended Solids and Sediments
Examples: Oil spillage, Livestock waste, Industrial wastes, Leather tanneries.

2. Dissolved solids
Examples: Detergents, Pesticides

3. Heat (Thermal Pollution)

xv. State the regions electromagnetic spectrum used in IR and UV spectroscopy.

Answer.

Regions of Electromagnetic Spectrum used in IR Spectroscopy

There are two regions in Electromagnetic spectrum which are used in IR spectroscopy:
a. Functional Group Region: 1500 – 4000 cm-1
b. Finger print Region : 626 – 1500 cm-1
The radiations in these regions causes molecular vibration and rotation.

Regions of Electromagnetic Spectrum used in UV Spectroscopy

200 – 800 nm. This radiation causes the excitation of electrons from low energy level to high
energy level.

xvi. Explain briefly the trends of oxidation states in groups IA, IIA, IVA, and VIIA of the
periodic table.

Answer.

TRENDS IN OXIDATION STATES

Group –IA : Common oxidation state of all the elements : +1
Group – II A : Common oxidation state : +2

Group – IV A
Oxidation State of C , Si , Ge , Sn & Pb : +4
Oxidation states of Ge , Sn , Pb due to inert pair effect : +2
Stability of +4 Oxidation state : Ge+4 > Sn+4 > Pb+4
Stability of +2 Oxidation state : Ge+2 < Sn+2 < Pb+2

Group – VIIA
Oxidation state of F : - 1
Oxidation states of Cl , Br , I : -1 , +1 , +3 , +5 , +7

xvii. Demonstrate the reaction of potassium dichromate with oxalic acid by balanced
chemical equation.

Answer.

Reaction of Potassium Dichromate with oxalic acid.

Acidified Potassium Dichromate acts as a strong oxidizing agent, It oxidizes Oxalic acid to
CO2 and is itself reduced to Chromium Sulphate.
K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4 + 3H2C2O4 → Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 6CO2 + 7H2O
xviii. List three uses of plants as a source organic compound.

Answer.

Plants are the sources of following organic compounds

a. Carbohydrates (Cellulose , Starch , Sugars)
b. Fats / Oils ( Palm oil , Cotton seed oil , Corn oil)
c. Alkaloids (Quinine , Morphine)

xix. Interpret why SN2 mechanism is chosen rather than SN1 in the preparation of primary
alkyl halides?

Answer.
Primary Alkyl halides are prepared from primary alcohols by its reaction with HCl, HBr, PCl3
etc. These reactions take place by SN2 mechanism due to less stearic hindrance in primary
alcohol.
Halide ion attacks the electrophilic carbon of Alcohol from the side opposite to the leaving
group. The process of bond formation and bond breakage takes place simultaneously.

The reaction is supported by

a. Kinetic evidence which shows it to follow 2nd order Rate = k [Ethanol] [Br-]

b. Stereo chemical evidence which shows the configuration of Alkyl halide as 100 %
inverted.

xx. Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’ by completing reactions.

CH3CH2CH2OH K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 A NaHSO3 B

Answer.

CH3CH2CH2OH + [O] K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 CH3CH2CHO + H2O

A

3CH2CHO + NaHSO3
B

SECTION – C (Marks 26)

Note: Attempt any TWO questions. All questions carry equal marks. (213 = 26)
Q.3 a. Propose reaction mechanism of free radical with ethane. (06)

Answer:
Mechanism of free radical substitution in ethane.
To describe free radical substitution in ethane we take example of bromination. The overall
reaction includes several separate steps.
Initiation Step. In this step, light energy breaks the Br-Br bond giving two separate bromine
atoms (Br.).

We call this type of bond breaking reaction, where a bonding electron pair divides equally
between previously attached atoms, homolytic cleavage.

sun light
Br2 Br + Br
Step 1

Propagation Steps.

Each Br. formed in Step 1 has the ability to abstract a H from ethane and forms H-Br in Step 2
and leaves behind a reactive molecular fragment (CH3-CH2.) called an ethyl radical (CH3CH2.)

H H
H H
Br + H C C H HBr + C C H Step 2

H H H H

The ethyl radical is very reactive because of its unshared electron. The ethyl radical reacts with
molecular bromine (Br2) by abstracting a Br to form a C-Br bond.

H H
H H
Step 3
Br Br C C H Br C C H + Br

H H H H

Propagation Steps Repeat. The Br. that forms in Step 3 reacts with another ethane molecule in
Step 2 and the resulting ethyl radical reacts with a new Br2 in Step 3 to once again form Br. This
cycle of Step 2 followed by Step 3 repeats many times giving high yields of the product
CH3CH2Br from Step 3, and the product HBr from Step 2.
We call Steps 2 and 3 propagation reactions because in each of them, one radical species
generates another radical keeping the "chain" alive.

Termination Reactions
Since there are many radicals present at the same time, these radicals formed in initiation or in
propagation reactions sometimes react with each other instead of reacting in the propagation
steps. These reactions between two radicals lead to combination reactions that we collectively
call termination reactions. Br. atoms and CH3CH2. radicals can combine with each other in the 3
ways

Br + Br Step 4
Br Br

H H
H H
Br C C H Br C C H Step 5

H H H H
H H H H H H
H H
C C H Step 6
H C C C C H H C C
H H
H H H H H H
b. Identify factors that affect enzyme activity. Explain temperature and pH. Describe
the components of complex compounds. (2+2+3)

Answer:
Temperature:
As the temperature increases so does the rate of enzyme activity. An optimum activity is reached
at the enzyme's optimum temperature, where each enzyme works at its maximum rate.
A continued increase in temperature results in a sharp decrease in activity as the enzyme's active
site changes shape and globular structure of it is lost. This is called denaturation of enzyme.

Effects of pH
Changes in pH also alter the shape of an enzyme’s active site. Each enzyme work bests at a
specific pH value, which is called the optimum pH for an enzyme. This optimum value of pH
depends on where it normally works. For example, enzymes in the small intestine have an
optimum pH of about 7.5, but stomach enzymes have an optimum pH of about 2.

Components of complex compounds:

A complex compound normally consists of three components.
1. A cation or anion which is not a complex.
2. A central metal atom or ion which is transition element.
3. Electron pair donor substances which are called ligands. These ligand can be negatively
charged, positively charged or neutral.
For example:
K4[Fe(CN)6]

Q.4 a. Demonstrate by the balanced chemical reaction of potassium manganate (VII)

with the following: (2+2+2)
(i) Ferrous Sulphate (ii) Oxalic acid (iii) Mohr’s salt
Answer:
In these reactions Potassium manganate VII acts as oxidizing agent and ferrous sulphate, oxalic
acid and Mohr’s salt as reducing agents. These reactions take place in acidic conditions.
1. Potassium manganate VII with ferrous sulphate.

2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5[O]

[2FeSO4 + H2SO4 + [O] Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O]x 5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 10FeSO4 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O + 5Fe2(SO4)3
2. Potassium manganate VII with Oxalic acid.
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5[O]
[H2C2O4 + [O] 2CO2 + H2O]x 5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5 H2C2O4 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O + 10 CO2
3. Potassium manganate VII with Mohr salt (FeSO4 (NH4)2SO4.6H2O).
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5[O]
[2FeSO4 (NH4)2SO4.6H2O + H2SO4 + [O] Fe2 (SO4)3 + 2(NH4)2SO4 + 13H2O] x 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 + 10 FeSO4 (NH4)2SO4.6H2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5Fe2(SO4)3
+68H2O + 10(NH4)2SO4

b. Describe the trend in solubility of the hydroxides sulphates and carbonates of group IIA.
(2+2+3)
Answer:
1. Solubility of the Hydroxides
Group II metal hydroxides become more soluble down the group because the lattice energy
decreases down the group due to increase in size.
Be(OH)2 are almost insoluble in water.
Mg(OH)2 is insoluble and shows slightly alkaline nature in water. Suspension of Mg(OH)2 is
called Milk of magnesia. It is used to remove stomach acidity.
Ca(OH)2 is slightly soluble in water. Its solution is called lime water.
Ba(OH)2 is soluble enough to be able to produce a solution with a concentration of around 0.1
mol.dm-3 at room temperature.

2. Solubility of the Sulphates.

The sulphates become less soluble down the group. For example BeSO4 and MgSO4 are fairly
soluble in water; calcium sulphate is sufficiently soluble in water while strontium and Barium
sulphates are almost in soluble.

3. Solubility of the Carbonates

The carbonates tend to become less soluble as we go down the group. Carbonates are insoluble
in water and therefore occur as solid rock minerals in nature. However they dissolve in water
containing CO2 due to the formation of bicarbonates
CaCO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Q.5 a. Identify A and B compounds by completing the chemical reactions. Also write
IUPAC names of A and B. (2.5+2.5+2)
O O

(i) CH3-CH2C-O-C-CH2-CH3 + CH3-O -H A+B

O O

(ii) CH3-CH2C-O-C-CH2-CH3 + H2O A+B

O O

(iii) CH3-CH2C-O-C-CH2-CH3 + CH3-CH2-NH2 A+B

Answer:

CH3-CH2COOH + CH3-O-CO-CH2-CH3
Propanoic acid Methyl propanoate

CH3-CH2COOH + CH3-CH2COOH
Propanoic acid Propanoic acid

CH3-CH2COOH + CH3-CH2CONH2
Propanoic acid Propanamide
b. Analyze the ethanol Infrared spectrum by using following data. (06)

Answer:
The most distinct feature in the infrared spectrum of alcohols is the broad absorption band
centered around wavenumbers 3550 to 3230 cm-1 due to O-H stretching vibrations, and
broadened by intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
The C-O stretching band for primary alcohols is 1320 to 1000 cm-1.

C-O Stretching
1320 - 1000 cm-1

H H

H O C C H

H H

3500-3200 cm-1
O-H stretching
H-bonded

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