The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Cramer’s Rule and System of Nonlinear Equations

Mathematics 11: College Algebra

Department of Mathematics and Computer Science

University of the Philippines Baguio

20th May 2015

The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Recall

Definition
If H is the square matrix of order 2
 
a b
c d

then the determinant of H, denoted by either det H or

a b
c d

is defined as
a b
det H = = ad − bc
c d
and is of the second order.
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Recall

Definition
If H is the square matrix of order 3
 
a1 b1 c1
 a2 b2 c2 
a3 b3 c3

then the determinant of H, denoted by either det H, is defined as

a1 b1 c1
det H = a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3
= (a1 b2 c3 + a3 b1 c2 + a2 b3 c1 ) − (a1 b3 c2 + a2 b1 c3 + a3 b2 c1 )

and is of the third order.

The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Cramer’s Rule

Cramer’s Rule for a System of Two Linear Equations

Suppose we have the system of two linear equations in two
variables x and y (
a1 x + b1 y = c1
a2 x + b2 y = c2
where either a1 6= 0 or b1 6= 0, and either a2 6= 0 or b2 6= 0. Let
a1 b1 c1 b1 a1 c1
D= Dx = Dy =
a2 b2 c2 b2 a2 c2

If D 6= 0, then the system has a unique solution given by

Dx Dy
x= and y= .
D D
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Example

Use Cramer’s Rule to find the solution set of the system

(
4x + 3y = 6
2x − 5y = 16
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Remark

For the determinants defined in Cramer’s Rule for a system of two

linear equations,
• If D = 0 and Dy 6= 0, then the equations are inconsistent.
• If D = 0 and Dy = 0, then the equations are dependent.
If both parts above, Dy can be replaced by Dx .
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Examples

Apply Cramer’s Rule to each of the following systems.

( (
6x − 3y = 5 3x + 2y = 4
1. 2.
2x − y = 4 6x + 4y = 8
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Cramer’s Rule

Cramer’s Rule for a System of Three Linear Equations

Suppose we have the system of three linear equations in three
variables x, y and z

a1 x + b1 y + c1 z = d1

a2 x + b2 y + c2 = d2

a3 x + b3 y + c3 = d3


where in each equation at least one of the coefficients of the

variables is nonzero.
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

...continuation of Cramer’s Rule

Cramer’s Rule for a System of Three Linear Equations

Let
a1 b1 c1 a1 d1 c1
D= a2 b2 c2 Dy = a2 d2 c2
a3 b3 c3 a3 d3 c3

d1 b1 c1 a1 d1 d1
Dx = d2 b2 c2 Dz = a2 d2 d2
d3 b3 c3 a3 d3 d3

If D 6= 0, then the system has a unique solution given by

Dx Dy Dz
x= y= z= .
D D D
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Example

Use Cramer’s rule to find the solution set of the system


4x + 3y + z = 1

3x − 2y − 3z = −2

5x + 4y + 2z = 3

The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Exercises

1. A man placed his savings in two investments. The interest

rate on investment A is 10 percent and on investment B it is
12 percent. The annual income from the two investments is
$3760. If investment A were at 12 percent and investment B
at 10 percent, his annual income would be $3720. What is
the total amount of his savings?
2. Find an equation of the parabola containing the points
(−2, −1), (5, 0) and (2, 1).
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Example 1

Find the solution set of the system

(
y 2 = 4x
x+y =3
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Example 2

Find the solution set of the system

(
y 2 = 4x
x+y =3
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Example 3

Find the solution set of the system

(
x2 + y 2 = 25
3x + 4y = 25
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Example 4

Find the solution set of the system

(
2x2 − 3y 2 = 6
6x2 + y 2 = 58
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Example 5

Find the solution set of the system

(
x2 + y 2 = 16
2x2 − 3xy + y 2 = 0
The Cramer’s Rule Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Example 6

Find the solution set of the system

(
4x2 + xy + y 2 = 6
2x2 − xy + y 2 = 8