Clearing and Grubbing means the removal of trees, shrubs, bushes, windfalls and all other

materials from above and below the natural ground surface. This activity removes vegetative
ground cover, removes top soil, and removes/disturbs root mat. Except in those cases where
specifically approved by a grading permit, “grubbing” for the removal of stumps and roots shall
not exceed 18” below the original surface of the ground.
1.Equipment and tools used in clearing and grubbing

Bulldozer: A powerful machine with a large metal blade attached to the front,
capable of pushing aside vegetation, rocks, and debris to create a clear path for
development.
Excavator: A versatile machine equipped with a hydraulically powered arm and a
bucket attachment, used for uprooting trees, removing roots, and excavating soil.
Mulcher/Brush Cutter: Equipment designed for selective vegetation removal,
delicately shredding trees, brush, and overgrown plants into mulch while
minimizing site disturbance.
Chainsaw: Essential for felling large trees, enabling efficient and controlled
removal during the clearing process.
Wood Chipper: Used to transform tree trunks, branches, and other wood debris
into manageable wood chips or mulch, facilitating their removal from the site.
Skid Steer Loader: A compact and versatile machine capable of various tasks,
such as hauling debris, removing smaller vegetation, and leveling the ground.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Crucial for worker safety, including
hard hats, safety glasses, gloves, and sturdy boots to protect against falling debris
and other hazards

2.Different Methods In clearing and grubbing

 Manual clearing
 Mechanical clearing
 Chemical clearing

3.How many sq.m can be cleared by one person manually

4.Using tools and equipments, how many sq.m can be cleared?

Construction of temporary facilities

1.What areas are there in temporary facilities

 Barriers Whether you are working on a new build, or a refurbishment, one of the first
temporary measures you will need is barriers. Construction work is dangerous, and you
should only let authorized people (who have had an induction) on your site.
  Site Office One of the first temporary facilities you need to set up is the construction site
office. The site office is the hub of the construction site. Workers sign in and out here.
The team will often get briefed on tasks for the day, check documents and schedules, and
maybe even get inductions here.
 Electricity You may need a temporary electrical supply on the site for your site office
and welfare facilities, lighting, and equipment. This is often the case on new build
projects, demolition projects, and refurbishments replacing existing systems.
 Water It's important to mention water here, as you may need a temporary supply if there
isn't already an existing water supply on the site. Or if you are waiting for the installation
of a permanent water supply.
 Welfare Facilities We've touched upon welfare facilities in the water section of this post.
But, in addition to water, you need the facilities themselves.
 Canteen Workers need a place to rest and eat meals. Construction work is physically
demanding, so a decent meal or break can do wonders for productivity.
 Storage You're likely to use a lot of tools, equipment and materials throughout the
project. Secure storage can reduce the risk of trespass, theft and vandalism, and improve
safety and productivity on site.
 Waste Management Not only will you use a lot of materials, but you're also probably
going to remove plenty too. Whether for recycling or disposal, construction projects,
especially those involving demolition and strip outs, generate a lot of waste.
 Access Every site needs safe access, and often you will need temporary facilities to
provide this - from safe and stable traffic routes and pedestrian routes to scaffolding and
working platforms for working at height.
 Parking You might need to provide a location for parking on site. Not just for your
team's vehicles but also for deliveries. Even if you don't have space to provide parking on
the site, you will probably need to provide a designated area for deliveries. And
somewhere for the site plant to load and unload.

2.Who are the persons are in temporary facilities

3.Capacity of manpower

4.How many sq.m

5.Methods of construction

 3D volumetric construction
Also known as modular construction, 3D volumetric construction consists of units being
produced in a controlled environment (such as a factory or warehouse) before being
transported to site.

 Flat slabs
Flat slab construction involves placing flat slabs of concrete that are placed and
reinforced with concrete columns, and in doing so removing the need for beams. A key
 benefit of this method is that it offers flexibility in layout, such as no restrictions on
height between floors, and reduces the time needed for construction.

 Timber frames
Timber frame construction uses a range of structural frames that have been made off-site
in a factory, such as external and internal walls, floors and roofs to help form a combined
structure which can be clad in another material such as brick on-site.

 Precast panels
Precast panels are where floor and wall units are made off-site and transported to be
erected on-site to form a solid structure which can be ideal for things such as new builds
where repetitive projects are made.

 Concrete walls and floors

Concrete is a highly important material for construction, with its strength, rigidity, fire
resistance and longevity all key aspects of making a solid structure. Concrete floors are
usually a flat slab of concrete which has been either poured in-situ or that has been pre-
made and transported to site. Mixed with rebar, also known as reinforcement steel, it is
able to carry heavy loads and increase overall strength, ideal for ground floors.

 Precast foundations
Precast foundations, also known as precast concrete, are prepared and produced off-site
in a factory using reusable moulds and can be attached to other panels to create a
structure.

 Twin wall technology

Twin wall technology is a method that combines both pre-made concrete and in-situ
concrete, which helps with both speed and strength of the structure. Twin wall
technology occurs when two walls which have been pre-made are joined and reinforced
before the gaps are filled with concrete.

 Thin joint masonry

Thin joint masonry allows a thinner depth of mortar (3mm or less compared to 10mm) which
results in faster laying and improved productivity.