Professional Documents
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Dec2022 FC Forensic by Prof. Buted Answr Key
Dec2022 FC Forensic by Prof. Buted Answr Key
Dec2022 FC Forensic by Prof. Buted Answr Key
(SET A)
I. PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION c. Plain whorl
d. Tented arch
1. What principle in fingerprint identification that
cannot be questioned after investigation? 6. What is the easiest method in preserving a
a. Fingerprinting is accessible fingerprint using powder in order to stick to the oil of
b. No two persons have identical the fingerprint?
fingerprint a. Lifting
c. All crimes can be solved thru fingerprinting b. Sealing
d. Fingerprinting is accepted worldwide c. Drying
d. Dusting
francis galton → 1:64 B 7. Who was the French criminologist that
3 families invented the first scientific approach to identify
LOOPS →60% criminals?
WHORLS → 35% a. Alphonse Bertillon →bertillon system
ARCHES → 5% west brother’s case → discredited the use of
anthropometry
8 standard patterns fingerprint --, identification
Loops → ulnar, radial b. Edward Galton
Whorls → plain whorl, central pocket loop whorl, double c. Edmond Locard → sherlock holmes of France
loop whorl, accidental whorl father of poroscopy
Arches → plain arch, tented arch locard’s exchange principle
“every contact leaves a trace”
2. What PRINCIPLE in fingerprint identification is d. James Herschel → father of chiroscopy
not determined by its general shape or pattern only? rajyadhar konai
a. Infallibility → never wrong // cannot be forged
b. Credibility Japan → tegata
c. Permanency → womb to tomb
3-4 months of fetus → starts to devlop Chinese → Te in Shi
5-6 months of fetus → fully developed Lo -whorls
d. Individuality Ki - loops
3. Which of the following statements that can 8. Which of the following is the point in a loop pattern
best describe loop pattern? that is composed of two (2) separate and distinct sets
a. One (1) core at the point of divergence of shoulders and with two (2) deltas?
b. It has bifurcation as the delta a. Double loop whorl
c. Presence of one (1) sufficient recurving b. Accidental whorl
ridge
d. No bifurcation is found c. Double loop delta
d. Double loop ridges
4. In fingerprint classification, what symbolizes
the letter “W” consisting of one or more ridges that tend 9. What is the tiny portion with a hill-like
to make a complete circuit? structure in the epidermis of friction skin that contains
a. Loops sweat with pores (lumalabas ang pawis) appearing as
b. Plain whorl → imaginary line touches the black lines in fingerprint image?
circuiting ridge a. Cores
central pocket → it does not touch b. Furrows → depressed
c. Double loop whorl c. Delta
d. Ridges d. Ridges
TABLE 2/B
1-17 → SMALL
18-22→ MEDIUM
23 OR MORE → LARGE
SUB SECONDARY
Index, middle, ring finger RIGHT LITTLE FINGER
Loops?
Whorl? PLAIN WHORL /CENTRAL POCKET WHORL → TREATED
AS AN ULNAR LOOP
ACCIDENTAL → GET THE LEAST RIDGE COUNT
WHORL → RIDGE TRACING DOUBLE LOOP ➔ TOP LOOP
IMO
41. It is the process of counting ridges that cross 49. What shall be the complete classification
or touch an imaginary line drawn between the delta and formula if the right fingers are all radial loop, all with
core of a loop. the ridge count of 10, and the left fingers are all
a. Ridge counting → loop pattern amputated.
b. Ridge tracing → whorl a. 10 S 1 OII rR3r 10
c. Ridge Ending b. 10 M III RRR 10
d. None of these c. 10 S 1 rR3r 10
d. M M MMM 10
42. For purposes of the Primary Classification, the
Right Index and Left Middle are intended as Numerator. 10 S 1 rR3rOII 10
a. True
b. False
c. Partially True primary classification
d. Partially false 1/1
6. Aside from being authentic, what other requirement 14. What CONTROLS the duration between the opening
for a photograph be admissible as evidence? and closing the shutter of a camera?
a. Colorful a. Shutter speed
b. Correct size b. Shutter mechanism
c. Clear c. Shutter controller
d. Relevant d. Shutter lift
7. What PART of a camera that indicates the timing of 15. Which of the following parts of a camera is used to
the shutter (barrier) to open and close, sets the length bring light to a fixed focal point?
of time in which the lights allowed to enter the camera? a. Filter
a. Shutter release button b. Lens
b. Shutter speed dial c. Shutter
c. Shutter d. Light finder
d. Shutter lock
16. Who among the following invented the hologram in
8. What refers to the small rectangular opening found 1948 which is the creation of unique photographic
on top f the camera which allows the photographer to image without the use of lens?
compose and frame the shot? a. Nicephore Niepce
a. Image sensor b. Theodore Jude
b. View finder c. Alfred Steichen
c. Aperture d. Dennis Gabor
d. Shutter
17. How will the police photographer fix a captured
9. Before a photograph can be introduced as evidence, image in order for preservation?
aside from being properly identified what must be a. Permanently
shown? b. Carefully
a. Immaterial c. Beautifully
b. Accuracy d. Beautifully
c. Clear
d. Irrelevant 18. What part of a digital-single-lens reflex (DSLR) that
converts the light into electrical signal at the start of
10. Which crime scene photography consists of BASIC forming digital image?
types of photographs, which of the following is NOT a. Charged-coupled device
included? b. Digital signal processor
a. Close-up c. Analogue-to-digital converter
b. Over-all d. Central processor
c. Mid-range
d. From top to bottom 19. What is the most important part of a camera that
determines the quality of image and responsible in
11. There are several METHODS used by law focusing the light from the subject?
enforcement agencies, which is NOT a basic crime a. Lens
scene search pattern? b. Sensor
a. Line c. Shutter
b. Strip d. Aperture → lens opening
c. Grid
d. Quadrant 20. What refers to the small rectangular opening found
on top of the camera which allows the photographer to
compose and frame the shot?
a. Aperture
12. “Is this shotgun yours?” is what type of 21. Questions in connection to the matter under
question? investigation.
a. Irrelevant a. Relevant
b. Relevant b. Supplementary
c. Conclusive c. Control
d. Control d. Relevant → specific response
13. When kymograph tracings show high, what it strong relevant/ primary → direct involvement
indicates? → single issue
a. Increased sweat production weak relevant / secondary → participation →
b. Low pulse rate multiple issue
c. Increased movement of muscles evidence connecting question → pieces of
d. Low blood pressure evidence → CS
knowledge question → “do you know..” →
14. When a decreased in the cardiograph shows knowledge or information regarding the case
what indication? under investigation
a. Pulse rate is high
b. Blood pressure is low 22. It refers to query having no bearing or
c. Increase in muscle movement weight to the case under investigation.
d. Increased in sweat production a. Relevant Question
b. Supplementary Questions
15. When no increase or decrease in cardiograph c. Control Question
tracings, what is the indication? d. Irrelevant Question/ neutral question
a. Pulse rate is high establish the normal response
b. Increased sweat production identity / obvious
c. Blood pressure is normal YES
d. Increased muscle movement
23. It is an act of deceiving or misleading
16. An examination wherein an informal interview committed by a person usually accompanied by lying.
of the subject is undertaken between 20 to 30 minutes. a. Admission
a. Post-test Interrogation b. Lying
25. It is a tracing on the chart wherein the subject 33. It records the subject’s skin resistance to a
answered in the irrelevant question. small amount of electricity.
a. Normal Tracing a. Cardiosphygmograph
b. Normal Response b. Sphygmomanometer
c. Specific Response → relevant questions c. Galvanograph → electrodermal activity
d. Response d. Kymograph
26. This test uses Hyoscine Hydrobromide 34. A kind of lie wherein a person assumes
Drug that is administered hypodermically which another identity to deceive others.
produces a state of delirium. a. Black lie
a. Hypnotism → franz anton mesmer b. White lie → benign lie – used to maintain
b. Narco-analysis → sodium amytal / sodium harmonious relationship
pentothal c. Red lie → propaganda
c. Narco-synthesis d. Malicious lie → mislead → justice → perjury /
d. Administration of truth serum false testimony → on a judicial proceeding
27. It is any deviation from the normal tracing of 35. What is the primary objective of the post-test
the subject. interview?
a. Normal Response a. To thank the subject
b. Specific Response b. To obtain confession
c. Polygrams c. To make the subject calm → pre test
d. Response d. To explain polygraph test procedures → pre
test
comparison → stronger → truthful → numerical scoring
(+) 36. What is the purpose of the pre-test
relevant question → stronger → deceptive → (-) interview?
a. To prepare the subject for polygraph
28. Psychological Response to any demand. test
a. Reaction b. To obtain confession
b. Stress c. To make the subject calm
c. Pressure d. To explain polygraph test procedures
d. All of the above
37. Test undertaken when both relevant and
29. He states that FEAR influenced the heart and control questions are similar in degree and consistency.
could be used as a basis for detecting deception. a. Guilt complex test → purely fictitious →
a. Marston → systolic blood pressure also used for overly responsive subjects
b. Larson → breadboard polygraph b. Silent answer test → instructed not answer -
leonarde keeler → galvanograph → answer mentally
c. Mosso c. Peak of tension test
d. Veraguth d. None of the above
30. An inhibition of a previous activity of an 38. Did you hide Senator Lacson in your in your
organism as a result of stimulation. beach resort? It is an example of –
a. Response a. Control question
b. Reaction b. Irrelevant question
c. Stimuli c. Relevant question
d. Fear d. Leading question
40. Who first incorporated the galvanograph with 47. The term polygraph was first used in 1906 by
measurement, respiration component and blood James MacKenzie in his invention the “ink polygraph”,
pressure? which was used for medical purposes.
a. Harold Burtt a. William Marston
b. Hans Gross b. John Larson
c. Leonarde Keeler c. Cesare Lombroso
d. John Larson d. James Mackenzie → clinical ink
polygraph
41. A primitive practice of detecting deception
whereby controversies are settled by means of duel, 48. The following are methods of detection of
the victor will be spared from consequences and the deception except:
loser will be pronounce guilty. a. Devices which record the psycho-physiological
a. Ordeal → dei indicum → miraculous decision responses → polygraph
// divine intervention b. Use of drugs that try to inhibit the inhibitor →
b. Trial by Combat narcoanalysis/ truth serum
c. Combat c. Hypnotism
d. None of these d. Torture → corporal punishment
capital punishment → death
42. It is a force or motion reaching the organism
and excites the receptors. 49. It primarily controls the motor and sensory
a. Stimulus → sa polygraph exam → functions that occur at or above the threshold. (brain
question asked and spinal cord)
brain → hypothalamus → it will decide whether a. Central Nervous System
the question is threat or not b. Autonomic Nervous System → physiological
threat → activate → SYMPATHETIC NS → flight functions → hindi natin kyang pigilan → blood
and fight response circulation, pagtibok ng puso, digestive system
PARASYMPATHETIC NS → responsible for the c. Muscular System
returning of our body to normal conditioning // d. Reproductive System
maintain homeostasis → internal equilibrium
b. Reaction 50. The parasympathetic nervous system works to
c. Deception restore things to normal when the condition of stress
d. Detection has been removed. It is dominant branch when the
condition is normal and the subject is calm, contented
and relaxed.
43. Within the U.S. Federal Government, a a. True
polygraph examination is also referred to as- b. Partially True
a. Psycho physiological Detection of c. False
Deception d. Partially False
b. PDD statement → . → TRUE OR FALSE
c. Psychological Detection of Detection question → ? → YES OR NO
d. Federal Scientific Detection of Deception
64. In order for the investigators to prove that a 70. A portion in the cartridge case which consists
suspect who was reported that he fired a gun during of a brass or gilding metal cup. The cup contains a
the New Year’s eve, which is not allowed, what TEST highly sensitive mixture of chemical compound.
must be applied to determine if the reported case is
positive? a. Gunpowder
a. Faraffin b. Propellant
b. Paraffin → dermal nitrate test / c. Primer
diphenylamine test → CUBA d. Powder charge
c. Takayama
d. Luminescence 71. It refers to the identification and investigation
of firearms by means of ammunition fired through
not a conclusive them.
within 72 hours a. Terminal Ballistic
b. Exterior Ballistic
c. Forensic Ballistic
d. Interior Ballistic
65. In a shooting incidence, even small samples of
evidence that could be found in the crime scene by 72. It refers to any weapon designed to be
examining the wadding materials, which of the operated from the shoulder. (shoulder arms)
following the investigators CANNOT identify? a. Revolver
a. Age and gender of the suspect b. Rifle
b. Range of possible shot size based in c. Pistol
impressions in the shotshells wad d. Machine Guns
c. Gauge of the firearm used
d. Manufacturer of the maker
68. It is a metallic or non-metallic cylindrical 76. These bullets have hardened steel cores and
projectile propelled from a firearm by means of the are fired at vehicles and other armored targets in
expansive force of gases coming from the burning general.
gunpowder. a. Armor Piercing Bullet
a. Cartridge b. Incendiary Bullet → FIRE (BLUE)
b. Bullet c. Explosive Bullet → SUMASABOG
c. Primer d. Tracer Bullet → SEND SIGNALS (RED – TIP)
d. Gun powder
80. All rim-fire cartridges and most center-fire 88. It describes the ability of the bullet to
revolver cartridges that are now manufactured maintain its velocity against air resistance.
have_________. a. Trajectory
a. Long Neck Cartridges b. Air Resistance → air which the bullet
b. Bottle Neck cartridges (sinasalubong) → while in its flight
c. Straight Cases c. Pull of Gravity
d. None of these d. Ballistic Coefficient
81. The elevated portion of the bore. ability of the bullet to maintain its stability →
a. Land GYROSCOPIC ACTION
b. Grooves YAW → unstable movement of the bullet while
c. Rifling on its flight
d. None of these
89. It is generally used in the preliminary
82. In this firearm a pressure is applied on the examination of fired bullets and shells for the purpose
trigger and will both cock and fire the firearm by release of determining the relative distribution of the class
of the hammer. characteristics
a. Single Action Firearm → needs manual a. Bullet Comparison Microscope →
cocking CALVIN GODDARD
b. Double Action Firearm → does not need b. Stereoscopic Microscope → 3D
manual cocking c. Shadowgraph
c. Single Shot Firearm → one shot every load d. Caliper
d. Automatic Firearm → pistol
repeating firearm → isang trigger → dere deretso ang JUXTAPOSITION → SIDE BY SIDE COMPARISON
putok --< machine guns Critical examination → COLLATION
83. It is an ancient smooth-bore (walang 90. This instrument is use to measure the angle of
rifling) and muzzle loading military shoulder arm twist in a rifled pistol and revolver.
designed to fire a single round lead ball. a. Magnifying Glass
a. Musket b. Gunsmith tools
b. Machine guns c. Micrometer
c. Shoulder Arms d. Helixometer
d. Revolver → rotating cylinder
91. The resistance encountered by the bullet
84. The term ballistic is derived from the Greek whiles its flight.
word __________ which literally means to throw. a. Velocity Resistance
a. Ballista → gigantic catapult b. Air Resistance
b. Ballo c. Pull of Gravity
19. What is the RATIO of height to width 26. If the questioned writings are hand printed,
consistent in each letter? then get a cursive standard.
a. Connecting a. True
b. Size b. False
c. Baseline → WHERE THE WRITING RESTS c. Partially True
d. Line d. Partially False
20. What is the interruption or gap in writing 27. In order to be sufficient, there must be at least
stroke in forming a letter when a writing instrument ten (10) to twenty-five (25) standard signatures for
leaves the paper? examination.
a. Pen lifts a. True
b. Patching b. False
c. Pen emphasis → ADDITION OF PRESSURE → c. Partially True
ADDITION IN SHADING d. Partially false
d. Hiatus
collected → 15-20 signatures
21. What is retouching of defective portion of a 4-5 pages
writing stroke which is common defect in questioned requested 25-30 standard signatures
documents examination? 5-6 pages
a. Patching
b. Shading 28. It refers to a complete correct signature for an
c. Altering important document such as will.
d. Retracing a. Formal
b. Informal → day to day functions
22. What TYPE of document when an examiner c. Careless Scribble → deliveries
finds a change whether deleted or added to the d. None of the foregoing
question document?
a. Obliterated → obliteration → smearing over 29. It is the combination of basic design of letters
the document → SUPERIMPOSING INK and writing movements as taught in school.
b. Disputed → under controversy a. Natural Writing → genuine writing (natural
c. Altered variations)
d. Counterfeit b. System of Writing
c. Disguised Writing → intention na baguhin ang
invisible writing → sympathetic ink iyong writing
d. Cursive Writing
23. In questioned documents, what kind of
SIGNATURE is used by a forger tried to reproduce 30. It is a result of a very complicated series of
without the knowledge of the owner of the signature acts, being used as a whole combination of certain
for financial gain? forms of visible mental and muscular habits acquired by
a. Model long, continued painstaking effort.
b. Real a. Cursive
c. Actual b. Signature
d. Evidential c. Handwriting
d. Forgery
24. are known or genuine handwriting which
indicates how a person writes. These are authenticated 31. It is a fraudulent signature which was
handwriting executed purely by simulation rather than by tracing
a. Exemplars the outline of a genuine signature.
REQUESTED STANDARDS a. Traced Forgery
b. Standards b. Simulated Forgery → free hand forgery
c. Post Litem ➔ most skillful type
d. Specimen c. Spurious Signature
d. Forgery by Computer Scanning
50. This is usually used for the detection of 7. Which of the following METHODS in hair
counterfeited bills but can actually be used to detect analysis is NOT included?
security features of qualified document. a. Benzidine
a. Infra-red viewer → charred documents b. Dry mount
b. Ultra-violet lamp c. Parallel mounting
c. Shadowgraph d. Wet mount
d. Transmitted Light Gadget
8. Which of the following TEST is applied when
VI. FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY forensic experts want to determine if the blood being
examined is of human or non-human?
1. Which of the following is a genderless act a. Blood grouping
which involves unconventional sexual acts of violence b. Confirmatory
and aggression committed on the genital, oral or anal c. Preliminary
orifices of another person? d. Precipitin
a. Defloration
b. Sexual assault 9. In order to determine the racial origin of the
c. Rape suspect hair strands left in the crime scene after
sexual assault microscopic and physical examinations, why is it that
sexual intercourse the forensic experts are positive that the suspect is a
d. Sexual harassment black man or negro?
a. Tightly coiled medulla and contains
2. What is the study that deals with the heavy pigment
application of the chemistry to criminal investigation b. Straight and wavy
which focuses on the analysis of substances connected c. Cross section is oval, contains fine pigments
to crime investigation? d. Lightly pigmented and the
a. Biochemistry
b. Organic Chemistry 10. In order to identify burned victims, what is the
c. Forensic Science TEST is available that can be performed by the
d. Forensic Chemistry examiners?
a. Clinical Photography
b. Tissue examination
3. What is the possible result when a test is c. Forensic odontology
applied to determine the presence of semen in the d. Fingerprinting
underwear of a rape victim?
a. Orange-red pigment
b. White color pigments 11. is defined as any impression, cut, scratch, or
c. Bright red crystals will appear abrasion, or any other marking left on an object by
d. Slender yellowish crystals another harder object or instrument.
a. Mark
4. When hair is present in the crime scene, b. Tool mark
investigators can determine the identity of the criminal c. Tire mark
by evaluating hair structure and DNA from cells d. Jimmy mark
attached to what PART of the hair?
a. Shaft jimmy entry ➔crow bar, iron bar
b. Root
c. Tip
d. Medulla 12. is made when a tool is pressed against or into
a receiving surface. It is usually made when a crowbar
5. What is a METHOD in determining the identity is used to pry open a door or window
of soil sample collected from crime scene and soil found a. Tool mark
in the shoes of the suspect to separate the soil from b. Negative impression
other materials? c. Abrasion or friction mark
a. Ouchterlony d. Combination mark
b. Burning
c. Density Gradient 13. How long does alcohol last in blood?
d. Acid-Phosphates a. Up to 24 to 48 hours
b. 3-5 days
6. When a rape case is being investigated, c. 10 hours
investigators know that SOMETHING IS LEFT in the d. up to 12 hours
crime scene, presence of semen is possible, what test
can be applied to determine the presence? up to 90 days → hair → nagsstay ang alcohol
a. Acid-phosphatase
20. Intaking of plenty of water before collection of 28. It refers to exposure to poison and produces
urine specimen or drinking herbal tea etc. immediate or instant death.
a. Internal Dilution a. Chronic Poisoning
b. External Dilution → ADDING WATER TO THE b. Acute Poisoning
URINE SPECIMEN c. Cumulative Poisoning
c. Substituted → USE OF ANOTHER’S URINE d. True poisoning
SPECIMEN
d. Adulterated → ADD JUICE, SALT 29. It is a favorite killer poison.
a. Arsenic
21. A drug which induces sleep or stupor and b. Cyanide
relieve pain. c. Hydrogen Sulphide
a. Narcotics d. Potassium Chloride
b. Tranquillizers
c. Sedatives 30. It refers to the process of reducing the desired
d. Stimulants substance in its pure form.
a. Identification
b. Isolation
31. It is the process of receiving the specimen by 40. an irregular pattern created when a large
entering the specimen condition on the logbook. volume of blood is ejected.
a. Reception a. Smear
b. Detection b. Wipe
c. Recognition c. Swipe
d. Identification d. Gush
41. It is a pattern of individual spatter stains
32. The small remains of anything broken down or deposited on the surface that demonstrate the
destroyed. movement of the dripping item from one point to
a. Debris another.
b. Grime a. Drip trail
c. Silt b. Impact Spatter
d. Mud c. Cast off
d. Spurt
33. Are drops that have been put into fire flight
through some mechanisms. 42. One of the oldest tests for the detection of
a. Non-spatter creatinine.
b. Spatter a. Urine test
c. Spurt b. blood test
d. Drip trail c. Reinchin Test
d. Jaffe Test
34. Similar to impact spatter, but with a slight
difference. The blood source is broken up in the mouth 43. Color of blood is cherry red due to ____.
or system by air pressure. a. Phosphorus
a. Expotorate Pattern b. Hydrogen Sulphide
b. Impact Spatter c. Methane
c. Drip Trail d. Carbon Monoxide
d. Spurt
44. What part of the hair can DNA be found?
35. This is created when a bloody object contacts a. Shaft
another surface often with some form of lateral motion. b. Tip
a. Gush c. Root
b. Smear d. Cuticle
c. Pool
d. Wipe 45. facility where analyses are performed on
36. A crack in a glass that extends outward like evidence performed by crime, they investigate physical,
the spoke of a wheel from the point at which the glass chemical, biological or digital evidence and often
was struck. employ specialists especially in the conduct of crime
a. Concentric scene investigation.
b. Radial Fracture a. Laboratory
c. Glass bends b. Crime Laboratory
d. Pattern transfer c. Forensic Laboratory
d. Both b and c
37. A weak mark made by pressure that stays on
the surface. 46. It is chemical substance that brings about
a. Trace physical, physiological, behavioral or psychological
b. Track change in a person taking it.
c. Impression a. Chemical
d. Imprint b. Drug
c. Poison
38. a mark or sign left behind by something that d. None of the above
has passed by.
a. Trace 47. A chemical substance used in the clandestine
b. Track manufacturing processes
c. Tire marks a. Immediate precursors
d. Imprint b. Essential chemicals
c. Narcotics
39. It is created when a bloody object meets d. Dangerous substance
another surface and produce a pattern in which a
recognizable characteristic of image or object is 48. this is extremely sensitive to detonation by
evident. heat, shock, friction and impact and used primarily to
a. Pattern Transfer start an explosion like blasting caps and primers.
b. Flow a. Low explosive
2. If in case that there were no loop among patterns, 12. The fingerprint card used in recording the subject
how will the key be derived. print has a size of:
a. Ridge count the first plain whorl a. 8 1/2” x 8 ½”
b. Ridge count the first whorl c. 8” x 8”
c. No key division to derived b. 9” x 9”
d. Write Dash d. 10” x 10”
3. Is the symbol used to represent a plain arch. 13. One of the cardinal rule in taking of fingerprints of
a. T b. A c. P d. W the subject is that fingers must be:
a. Healthy
4. Is the scientific study of the tiny opening across c. Dry
the ridges. b. Moisten
a. Podoscopy → soles of foot d. Oily
c. Poroscopy
b. Chiroscopy 14. The identification of two impression can be
d. Edgeoscopy established primarily through:
a. formation of different types of pattern
b. formation of the two terminus
c. unexplained similarity of ridges
5. A system of Identification best used in case of burned d. similarity of ridge characteristics in their
body. relative positions
a. Fingerprint
c. Skeletal Identification 15. In taking the fingerprints of the subject the
b. Odontology technician must advice the subject to:
d. Photography A. Help him C. Relax
B. Close his eyes D. Stand straight
6. How deep the cut in order to be produced permanent
scar?
A. more than 1 cm Towards the body → thumb
B. more than 1mm Away from the body → all other fingers except thumb
C. 1m
D. 1dm 16. In major division, what should be the interpretation
of a whorl pattern having a tracing ridge that goes
7. The core and delta are also termed as _______. above the right delta, and with an intervening ridge of
A. inner terminus → core one?
B. focal point A. Inner C. Meeting
C. outer terminus → delta B. Outer D. Exceptional
D. pattern area
17. In recording the fingerprints of the subject,
the technician must see to it that subject’s fingers
are:
Shutter speed
1/250 1/500
Exposure → total light intensity and length of time it
strikes the emulsion(part ng film kung nasaan ang silver
halides)
5. In crime scene photography, what view tends to 13. It is a part of the camera which defines as the ratio
show the extent damage on the subject? between the diameter of the whole lens in relation to
A. General View B. the focal length of the lens is referred to as,
Medium View A. Lens Aperture B. Lens Opening
C. Close-up shot D. C. Focal Distance D. Both A and B
Extreme Close- up shot → laboratory examination
The lower the f number → the bigger the
General view/long range → over-all crime scene/ façade diaphragm opening
Medium view (mid-range) → nature of the crime
F2.8 f 4 f 5.6 f 8 f 11 f16
6. The changes in direction of light are conclusive
whenever light process from one medium to another. 14. Pedro was taking a snap shot and expecting it to be
A. Reflection B.Diffraction sharp but an alteration happened to the expected image
C. Transparent D.Refraction because it can be seen in two viewpoints. What is that
phenomenon?
7. It is a type of light in which their wavelength are A. out of focus B. coincidence
either too short or too long to excite the retina of the C. parallax D.split
human eye. image
A.Black Light B. Visible Light
C. Invisible Light D. Bright
TWIN LENS REFLEX CAMERA
8. It is a lighting condition where object in open space
cast a deep and uniform or distinct shadow.
A.Bright sunlight B. Hazy sunlight
C. Dull sunlight D.Cloudy dull
3. This is the actual curved path of the bullet 12. When the “draws” of the revolver is completed, the
during its flight from the gun muzzle and target. index finger should?
A. Air Resistance a. touch the outside of the trigger guard
B. Velocity b. grasp the stock
C. Trajectory c. be straighten along the barrel
D. Pull of Gravity d. be inside the trigger guard
4. This refers to the helical grooves cut in the 13. Are small grooves, channels or ridges on the surface
interior surface of the bore. of the bullet due to the tool marks or other irregularities
A. swaging in the interior surface of the bore?
B. ogive a. Land marks c. Groove marks
C. rifling b. Striation d. Accidental
D. breaching marks
Smoothbore
33. It is the rearward movement of the firearm after 42. Technically speaking, the term ammunition refers
explosion. to a group of cartridges or to a single unit or single
A. velocity of the bullet cartridge. What is now a cartridge?
B. recoil of the firearm A. the entire primer assembly consisting of
C. rotation of the bullet primer cup, priming mixture, and the anvil
D. inside the barrel energy generated B. a complete unfired unit consisting of a
JUMP → UPWARD AND BACKWARD bullet, cartridge case, gunpowder and primer
C. an entire cartridge case, including extracting
34. In the terminal ballistics, It refers to the size of the groove, shell head, and the crimp
bullet groupings on the target. D. the bullet consisting of the nose, the body and
A. Terminal penetration the base.
B. Terminal velocity
C. Terminal energy 43. It is the part of the cartridge case designed to limit
D. Terminal accuracy the forward movement of the cartridge to the chamber.
A. Extracting Grooves
35. It is termed as the stability of the bullet in flight B. Base
particularly in the parabola, which was credited to the C. Primer Pocket
construction of the rifling. D. Rim
A. velocity
B. stability in flight
C. gyroscopic action
D. parabolic like flight 44. It refers to the characteristics of a firearm which are
determinable even before the manufacture of the
36. This refers to the deflection of the bullet from its firearm?
normal path after striking a resistant surface. A. Class Characteristics
A. Misfire B. Individual Characteristics → AFTER THE
B. Mushroom MANUFACTURE
C. Ricochet C. Repetitive mark
D. Keyhole shot D. accidental mark
37. It is a type of motion of a projectile wherein the 45. The most important single process in a barrel
action of the bullet travelling passing through the manufacture from the standpoint of the identification
rifled barrel is either twisted to the left or to the expert is:
right. A. reaming operation → SMOOTHENS → BARREL
A. Direct Motion B. rifling operation
B. Rotatory Motion C. lapping operation→ BREACHFACE
12. It is a typeface defect in which the print provides a 20. An illegible form of a writing which is characterized
double or overlapping impression. by partially visible depression appearing underneath
A. Actual Breakage B. Rebound the original writing.
C. Actual Breakage D. Clogged A. invisible writing
Typeface B. indented writing
C. Charred document
13. It is the identifying of similarities and dissimilarities, D. contact writing
determination of likelihood of occurrence, and weighing
down of the significance of each factor. 21. The following are public documents, EXCEPT
A. Analysis a. Written official acts, or records of the official acts of
B. Comparison the sovereign authority, official bodies and tribunals
C. Evaluation and public officers, whether of the Philippines, or of a
D. All of these foreign country.
b. Documents acknowledged before a notary public.
14. In the course of your examination, you encountered c. Last will and testaments.
a very important document to a particular case, d. Public records, kept in the Philippines, of private
however said document allegedly contain erasures documents required by law to be entered therein.
done mechanical abrasion which resulted in the
translucency of the document. Under the situation what 22. Mr. X is a construction worker who usually drink
best method can be employed to detect such erasure? during payday. One time while under the influence of
A. oblique light → side lighting from a low angle liquor Mr. X executed a document. Due to his condition
C. ordinary light an obvious deterioration is observed in his writing. Such
B. transmitted light Changes in his writing is known as?
D. infrared viewer a. Natural variation
b. Permanent change
15. A document completely written and signed by one c. transitory change
person is known as . d. Tremor
A. Holographic document
B. Questioned document
C. Standard document 23. Specimen of writing which was executed while the
D. None of the above writer’s hand is at steadied.
a. Natural writing
16. He is known Father of Questioned Document b. Disguised writing
A. Albert S. Osborn c. guided writing
B. Dr. Hans Gross d. assisted writing
C. Ordway Hilton
D. Edmond Locard coadjutant → guides the writer
17. The combination of the basic designs of letter and 24. A traced forgery of signature is not really a writing
the writing movement involved in the writing? but a,
A. copy book form a. Retouching c. Drawing
B. system of writing b. Patching d. tremor of fraud
C. erasure
D. Writing movement 25. It is the average limit of the pen or the reach of the
pen with the wrist at rest.
18. A specimen of writing prepared with deliberate a. pen position c. pen scope
intent of altering the usual writing habits in the b. skills d. speed
hope of hiding his identity?
A. disguised writing extensor
B. cursive flexor
C. hand lettering
D. block capital 26. It is an imaginary or real line in which the writing
rest.
Block → majuscule a. baseline c. underline
27. Strokes added to complete certain letters such as i- 37. The outer portion of a curve bend or crook?
dots and t-bars. A. humps
a. buckle knot c. diacritics B. arc -inner
b. embellishment d. flourish C. Knob
D. central part -body
28. An artificial light examination best used in
deciphering obliterated writing as well as addition. 38. What is that interruption in a stroke, caused by
a. ultra-violet light c. transmitted light sudden removal of the writing instrument from the
b. infra-red light d. oblique light paper surface?
A. Pen emphasis
29. It is the process of making clear what is otherwise B. pen lift
is illegible or that which is not visible to the naked eye. C. Pen scope
a. restoration c. decipherment D. Pen position
b. development d. examination E. Pen hold
30. A type of light examination in which the source of 39. The visible record of the written strokes resulting
light is coming from one side hitting the surface of the from a combination of various factors associated to the
paper/object at a very low angle. It is best used in motion of the pen? Is the overall quality of the
examination of indented writing as well as erasure. strokes?
a. direct light examination A. Obliteration
b. oblique light examination B. writing habits
c. side light examination C. line quality
d. transmitted light examination D. significant writing habits
E. Decipherment “Process of making out”
31. It is a critical side by side examination of two or 40. A specimen of writing which was executed in the
more specimen. regular course of one’s activities.
a. examination c. comparison A. requested
b. collation d. evaluation B. executed at one time
C. collected
32. A form of a typeface defects in which the characters D. day to day standard
are printed heavier in one side than the remainder of
its character. It is the unbalanced quality of prints. 41, An applicant for a job had tried to manipulate his
a. Actual breakage c. clogged typeface document (Birth Certificate) so that he would fit to the
b. off-its feet d. twisted letters age qualification. It found out that the document
contains some discrepancies in a form of addition and
33. A form of a typeface defects where the characters deletion of letters and figures in the document. Which
are leans to the left or to the right of their proper document would this fall?
position. A .inserted document
a. Horizontal mal alignment C. disputed document
b. off-its feet B. altered document
c. vertical mal-alignment D. obliterated document
d. twisted letters
42, Legally speaking, what is the description of the act
34. Which of the following is the best means of of passing, delivering, or giving a counterfeit coin to
developing and photographing obliterated and charred another person?
document? A. Counterfeiting B. Falsification
a. Photography with panchromatic film C. Reproduction D. Uttering
b. photography by ultraviolet light
c. photography by transmitted light 43. It is a process of spreading too much ink over an
d. photography by infra-red light original writing to make it undecipherable or illegible.
A. Obliteration B. Charred
35. Substance used for blotting or smearing over an Document
original writing (obliteration) to make illegible or C. Contact Writing → sudden contact of a fresh ink to
undecipherable. another surface D. Invisible Writing
a. ink eradicator
b. superimposing ink 44. A person who can write either with his left or right
c. sympathetic ink – invisible writing hand is called–
d. invisible ink A. Ambidextrous
B. Analogous
36. It refers to the group of muscles which is C. Bicephalous
responsible for the formation of the upward strokes. D. Dextrous or Dexterous
a. Flexor → downward strokes
c. Lumbrical
46. signature in a check is suspected to have been 3. A question which is the same in nature with
forged. The signatory does not remember categorically that of the relevant question but broad in scope.
whether he had issued the check. The signature was A. Relevant question
compared with a genuine signature but both were in B. Comparison question
the same in size and shape. What will be your Directed lie comparison → instructed the subject
conclusion about the signature? to lie
A. genuine; the signatory only forgot the Probable lie comparison → probability the
issuance of the check subject will lie
B. genuine; both signatures are exactly the same Exclusive → specific time, date, place,
in size and shape category
C. forgery; the signatory just want to deny the “ between the ages of 20-24, have you taken
issuance of the check anything not yours?”
D. forgery; no signature is exactly the same Inclusive
in all aspects when compared “in your whole life, have you taken anything not
yours?”
47. Mr. A, a Chief of the Intelligence Division of PNP, C. Symptomatic question → we will not ask
will sign a “Confidential” file as an approval regarding unreviewed question
the operation against the notorious drug syndicate in “ do you believe me when I tell you that I will not ask
their locality. What class of signature does Mr. A questions that we did not go through word per word?”
executed? D. Neutral question→ irrelevant question
A. Formal or Complete
B. Informal or Cursory 4. This question is designed to generate
C. Careless Scribble reactions from truthful subject.
D. Forgery A. Relevant question → generate reactions from
deceptive subject → - score
48. It is a specimen of writing executed deliberately B. Comparison question → +score
with an attempt of changing its usual writing habits to C. Symptomatic question
hide his/her identity. D. Neutral question
A. Natural Writing
B. Hand lettering 5. A question to which it is likely that the
C. Guided/Assisted Writing examinee is untruthful with his answer
D. Disguised A. Comparison question
B. Directed lie comparison
49. It is a classification of document in which it is issued C. Probable lie comparison
by a public official in the exercise of the functions of his D. Untruthful question
office.
A. Public Document 6. “Between the ages of 20-28, have you ever taken
B. Official Document anything not yours?” is an example of _______
C. Private Document question.
D. Commercial Document A. Comparison question
B. Probable lie
50. Majority of questioned document cases are C. Exclusive
concerned with? D. Inclusive
A. Documents Age
B. Disproving Alibis 7. This question introduces the relevant question to the
C. Proving Authorship subject.
D. Counterfeiting A. Relevant question
B. Introductory question
V. LIE DETECTION TECHNIQUES C. Sacrifice relevant question
D. Symptomatic question
1. ”Did you participate in taking the missing money?” “regarding the stealing incident, do you intend to
is an example of _________. answer the questions truthfully?”
A. Primary relevant question
B. Secondary relevant question 8. This is designed to ensure that the
C. Evidence connecting question examiner will not ask un-reviewed questions or
D. Knowledge question that the examinee is not afraid that the examiner will
ask un-reviewed questions.
2. It is conducted after the actual test designed A. Relevant question
to obtained confession or admission from the B. Introductory question
subject. C. Sacrifice relevant question
12. The reactions on the control (TRUTHFUL) 15. Test for the subject’s involvement to a known
and relevant (DECEPTIVE) questions are incident or to multiple issues of concern.
compared via numerical scoring A. Recognition Test
A. Card test B. Deception Test
B. Comparison Question C. Peak of Tension Test
C. Guilt Complex test D. Card test
D. Peak of Tension test
13. The systematic process by which a particular 16. Refers to the brief confrontation between the
set of decision is applied to the evaluation of diagnostic subject and the polygraph examiner done every after
features and other physiological data resulting in one taking each chart.
of the three outcome decisions. A. Initial Interview B. Pre- Test Interview
A. Pre-test C. Chart Probing D. Post- Test Interview
B. Test Data Collection
C. Test Data Analysis 17. If the polygraph test result indicates
D. Numerical Scoring innocence, what should the examiner do?
A. release the subject cordially
PHASES OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION B. thank the subject for his cooperation
1. Initial interview C. ask the subject if he has any questions
2. Pre test D. all of the above
3. Actual test
4. Post test 18. It is a type of question in which it established
the norms of the subject and it pertains to the basic
New background of the subject. It only ask questions not
1.Pretest → longest (intial +pretest) related to the matter under investigation.
2.Test data collection(actual test)
3.Test data analysis A. Relevant Question B. Irrelevant Question
a. Numerical scoring C. Knowledge Question D. Evidence-Connecting
b. Global scoring → conspenificane → Question
kung gaano kadalas makakita ng
stronger reponse 19. Were you in the place of the Mr. Kenji on the
c. Computer scoring night of April 27, 2020?” is an example of what
Deception indicated question?
No deception indicated A. Relevant question
20. In a polygraph test, what test technique does 28. A part of the pneumograph component which
the examiner used if he utilized padding questions? was attached to the body of the subject with the usual
A. Peak of tension test length of 10 inches.
B. Stimulation test A. beaded chain
C. General question test B. rubber convoluted tube
D. Zone comparison test C. finger electrode plate →
EDA/GALVANOGRAPH // NON DOMINANT HAND INDEX
21. Which of the following causes physiological AND RING FINGER
changes in the body of the subject? D. blood pressure cuff →
A. Peak of tension test B. the fear of retaliation CARDIOSPHYGMOGRAPH
C. Irrelevant question D. Relevant question
29. An attachment of the cardiosphygmograph
22. It is a type of question in which it is designed which placed above the brachial artery.
to establish response from an innocent subject. A. arm cuff
A. Relevant Question B. infant cuff
B. Control Question C. Wrist cuff
C. General Question Test D. hand cuff
D. Peak of Tension Test
30. Generally speaking, all persons subjected to
23. A list of stimulus and non-stimulus words are lie detector examination are all _ and this creates a set
read to the subject who is instructed to answer as of distortion.
quickly as possible. A. Terrified
A. Word association test → FRANCIS B. nervous
GALTON C. convenient
B. Psychological stress evaluator → VOICE D. confident
FEQUENCIES → TRUTHFUL
C. Card test PROLONG THE PRE TEST → IF THE SUBJECT IS STILL
D. Hypnosis NERVOUS AFTER THE CNDUCT OF PRETEST
31. Is the normal rate of pulse beat of an adult
24. Under backster zone comparison test subject in a polygraph test?
technique, color zones are applied in identifying so A. 60 –65
many questions used during the test. If the color zone B. 70 – 75
for irrelevant question is yellow, what then is the color C. 6- 12
zone for strong relevant questions? D. 13- 15
A. Red
B. Black → SYMPTOMATIC QUESTION 32. What should be the mark placed on a chart
C. Green → COMPARISON/CONTROL paper at the start of the test?
QUESTION A. X/60/1.5 A
D. Orange B. X/50/2.5 A
C. XX/60/1.5 A → END OF THE CHART
25. A type of deceit for the purpose of humor, D. XXX/60/2.5 A
when the falsehood is generally understood, is often
regarded as not immoral and is widely practiced by 33. A type of test designed to overly responsive
humorists and comedians. subject, consisting of questions that are purely fictitious
A. Black lie incident of a similar nature to the one that is under
B. Red lie investigation?
C. Jocose lie → JEST, TEASE A. General question test
D. Malicious lie B. Symptomatic questions
C. guilt complex test
26. A Hindu book of science and health which is D. silent answer test
considered one of the earliest references on detecting
deception. 34. The first man noted for the use of the word
A. Ayur Vida “Polygraph”
B. Dharmasatra of Gautama → DISCUSSED THE a. Thomas Jefferson
NATURE OF LYING c. G. Gallilleo (Pulselogium)
C. Vasistra of Dharmasastra → DISCUSSED THE b. F. Galton (word assoiciation test)
JUSTIFICATIONS OF LYING d. Sir James Mackenzie
D. Legendary red book by Choi
35. Of the following which is a kind of polygraph
27. Which of the following is a major component machine?
of the polygraph machine? a. Stoelting polygraph
A. Blood pressure cuff c. keeler's polygraph
40. For male subjects, what is the amount of air 49. What is the first step to be done in a pre-test
pressure is to be utilized in the system on cardio: interview?
A. 30 mm A. ask the subject regarding all information the
C. 90 mm circumstances surrounding the commission of the crime
B. 60 mm B. examiner tells the nature and characteristics
D. 120 mm of the polygraph examination to the subject
C. you are informed of your rights against
41. What should be the attitude of a polygraph self-incrimination and your right to a counsel
examiner in confronting subject in a polygraph test? D. facts of the case must be prepared prior to the
a. arrogant questioning of the subject to monitor response
c. authoritative
b. cordial but firm 50. Cold damp perspiration is a manifestation of shock,
d. antagonistic fear and anxiety. Perspiration means?
A. Breathing
42. It is a type of series consisting of series of relevant B. Pulse beat
and irrelevant questions answerable by either yes or C. Sweating
no: D. Heart rate
a. general question test c. peak of tension
test
b. guilt complex test d. silent answer VI. FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY
test
1. He is credited in the creation of the first crime
43. Is that type of questions given to determine laboratory in US which is founded in Berkeley,
information known or the subject possess regarding the California.
crime or the criminal or his whereabouts? A. Alexander Lacassagne → FATHER OF
a. evidence connecting question FORENSIC SCIENCE C. Hans Gross
c. sacrifice questions B. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. → KNOWN FOR HIS
b. knowledge question FICTIONAL CHARACTERC→ SHERLOCK HOLMES
d. control questions EDMOND LOCARD → SHERLOCK HOLMES OF FRANCE
D. August Vollmer
44. A type of question designed to obtain a response
from an innocent subject.
23. Is a poisonous gas which smells like a rotten egg? 33. facility where analyses are performed on evidence
a. H2S c. CO2 performed by crime, they investigate physical, chemical,
b. CO d. H2O biological or digital evidence and often employ
specialists especially in the conduct of crime scene
24. A supercooled liquid which possess high viscosity investigation.
and rigidity.
a. Laboratory
A. dry ice B.
b. Crime Laboratory
cartridge case
c. Forensic Laboratory
C. gel
d. Both b and c
D. glass