Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region
Combination of Different Art forms
as seen in Modern times
Art
•it is a tangible manifestation and
product of human activity that allows
the expression of individuality throught
set of skills.
•art is a means of communicating or
conveying insights and emotions
The word originated from the Latin
word “ARS” which means “SKILL” and
the Greek word “TECHNE” which
means “TECHNOLOGY”
Art as Defined in Varied Ways
PLATO
● according to Plato (427-347 BC),
art is merely an imitation or acopy
of reality
● art is an illusion, a collection of
reflections
LEOTOLSTOY
● art is the production of objects or
elements from the external
environment that pleases the
senses.
● art unifies men as they produce
the same feelings and sentiments.
EUGENE VERON
● At is an external manifestation
created and produced through
lines, movements, asounds,
colors and emotions.
This defines the subjectivity of art
as an external manifestation of
human feelings and thoughts
LEONARDO DA VINCI
● art is “the Queen of all sciences
communicating knowledge to
all generations of the world.”
● it is a universal language that
communicates feelings and ideas
produced by human experience.
● art is a powerful form of
communication expressing
creativity and skill.
TALENT
● the term talent refers to an inborn
and the special ability of a person
to do something.
● talent is God gifted ability
SKILL
● a skill is an expertise, which is
acquired by the person by
learning.
● skill is an ability in which you put
your time and efforts to develop
TECHNOLOGY
In art, technology is the set of means
of tools, materials, devices, systems,
methods, and procedures in making an
art
ART
According to the greeks, art is an
imitation of reality. Perhaps this is the
simpliest and earliest view on the
nature and meaning of art.
IT COMES IN DIFFERENT FORMS
WHICH WE CAN INTEGRATE.
INTEGRATIVE ART
It refers to inter-disciplinary art, art
research, development, production,
presentation, or artistic creation of
work that fully uses two or more art
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region
disciplines to create a work for a
specific audienc
DIFFERENT FORM OF ARTS
VISUAL ART
● It is used to describe a wide array
of artistic disciplines that are
appreciated primarily through
sight.
● Visual art are an expression of
artistic ideas through images,
structures, and tactile work
PERFORMING ART
● It usually requires the musical
theatre, dance, and drama, a
combination of different art forms,
such as literary art for the material
and visual arts for stage design
LITERARY ARTS
● a literary art is an expression of
ideas through writing.
● There are many types of literary
artworks, and this can be
categorized into poetry, prose and
drama
● This art form denotes “letters”
which came from the Latin word
“littera” meaning “an individual
written character”.
The Evolution of Philippine Art
PRE-COLONIAL
-these are the reflections by which the
natives of these islands have
expressed their culture and civilization.
These are proofs that the earliest
inhabitants of these islands were
learned peoples even before the
coming of the Spaniards.
-Prehistoric aborigines, a cross of
Afro-Asiatic and Austro- Aborigines,
now called Negritos (Aeta, Agta, Ayta)
Proto-Malays - a Mongol-Asiatic race,
arrived around 2500 BC using oceanic
vessels called balangays, and they
brought with them their knowledge in
seafaring, farming, building of houses
from trees and creation of fire for
cooking
Duetero-Malays - India-Asiatic race
(Indian, Chinese, Siamese, Arabic),
that prevailed with a more superior and
advanced culture. They possessed
their own systems of writing,
knowledge and skills in agriculture,
metallurgy, jewelry-making as well as
boat-building
Negritos - early settlers but their
appearance in the Philippines has not
been reliably dated
FOUR DISTINCT KINDS OF
PEOPLES
● Aetas
● Hanunoo
● ilongots
● Mangyan
WARRIOR SOCIETIES
● Isneg and Kalingas - practiced
social ranking and ritualized
warfare and roamed the plains
● Petty plutocracy of the Ifugao
Cordillera Highlanders - occupied
the mountain ranges of Luzon
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region
PRE-COLONIAL CULTURE
Animistic - collection of beliefs and
cultural mores anchored in the idea
that the world is inhabited by spirits
and supernatural entities
-spirits are said to be the anito or
diwata that they believed to be good
and bad
-the good spirits were considered as
their relatives and the bad were
believed to be their enemies
Some worship specific deities like ;
● Bathala a supreme god for the
Tagalog
● Laon or Abba for the Visayan
● Ikasi of Zambal
● Gugurang for the people of Bicol
● Kabunian of Ilocano and Ifugao
Aside from those supreme deities
they also worship other gods like ;
● Idialao as god of farming
● Lalaon of harvest
● Balangay god of rainbow
● Sidapa god of death
PRE - COLONIAL WRITING
SYSTEMS
-During the early period almost
everyone in the society-male or female
knows how to read and write. They
have their own method of writing which
they use sharp- pointed tools, leaves,
bamboo and trunk’s skin. They write
from top to bottom and read it from left
to right
Alibata - script is different from China,
Japan and India. This account was told
by one of the first Spanish
missionaries who came in the
Philippines, Fr. Pedro Chirino
Another account proved after
the discovery of a jar in Calatagan,
Batangas. This system of writing came
from the alphabet of Sumatra. The first
Visayan, Tagalog, Ilocano and some
ethic groups have their own dialect
and form of writing too. They have an
alphabet composed of 17 letters; 3 of
which are vowels and 14 are
consonants. The Muslims have also
their own system basing on their
dialect. This is called kirim of Maranao
and jiwi of the Tausug, which they are
still using until this day.
LITERATURE
-Our pre-colonial, ethnic literature is a
rich repository of ideals and cultural
practices evident in folk speeches, folk
songs, folk narratives, and indigenous
rituals as well as dances that shows
our ties with our Southeast Asian
neighbors
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region
FOLK SPEECHES
These are the riddles which
has the Talinghaga or metaphor as a
different object and therefore test the
keen analytical ability of the listener.
Such is known as the tigmo in
Cebuana, bugtong in Tagalog,
paktakon in Ilongo and patototdon in
Bicol.
TALINGHAGA
● Ang kanyang puso ay isang
walang katapusang balon
● Ang walang hanggang
pangarap.
● Umagos mula sa kanyang
mga mata ang mga ilim na
kapaitan
● Hayaan mong matikman ko
ang pulot sa iyong mga labi
BUGTONG
● Maliit pa si Nene nakakaakyat
na sa tore.(Langgam)
● Munting tampipi, puno ng
salapi.
(sili)
Proverbs or Aphorisms
Encapsulates the rules of conduct and
community beliefs which instill values
though short verses with rhyme that is
full of wisdom. Such is the tanaga,
which has insights and lessons on life
according to life experiences. From
Panay are the basahanon, daraida
from Bukidnon and daragilon from
Panay.
KALIKASAN
Ganito nga ang hangin
Simoy na lalanghapin
Pilit panatilihin
Para sa buhay natin
FOLK SONGS
- a folk lyric expressing the
relationships, lessons about
aspirations of people in the
community.
- they are repetitive, sonorous, didactic
as well as naïve. O exemplify are
children’s song from Maguindanao
know as Ida-ida, tulang pambata from
the Tagalog region, Cansiones para
abbing from the Ibanag,
- the lullabyes or Ili-ili from Iloilo;
harana or serenade from Cebu
FOLK NARRATIVES
Explains the origin of the world,
places, animals, and other creations.
Fables are the narratives about the
origin of animals relating lesson or
morals.
Epics on the other hand narrates the
heroic deeds and unusual events while
embodying the beliefs, customs,
norms, and ideals.
Most prominent epic is the Bi – ag ni
Lam-ang of the Ilocanos
VISUAL ART
1.Pottery
- the most ancient art during the pre-
colonial Philippines. The Manunggul
Jar which was excavated in Palawan
during the 8th century BC and reflects
a high degree of artistry.
2.Weaving
-it evolved from the pre-colonial
communities and has been a
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region
traditional sources of living,
Communities from the Cordillera of the
north are well-known for this art.
Similar tradition is evident in the Ilocos
provinces and even in the Mindanao
among the Tboli of Cotabato through
weaving of abaca cloth known as the
‘tnalak’ done through the process of
tie-dye.
3.Sculpture
- carving in the Cordilleras focus on
the Anito figures called ‘bulul’, which
they believe has their ancestral spirits
and gods. In the south, the Maranao
and Tausug have their ‘okir’ which are
ornate curvilinear designs carved
woods such as the ‘sarimanok’ is a
bird painted in multi-color and the
pako rabong which is a fern with
broad base
4.Jewelry Making
- pre-colonial dwellers adorn
themselves with highly intricate
ornaments made of precious metals
such as gold. From the Cordillera have
the ling-ling-o which signifies fertility.
The Tboli wear the most splendid
ornaments made of brass such as
multicolored beads for neckpieces,
earrings, bracelets and anklets. These
body ornaments pleases the Gods and
signifies social status.
5.Dances
- these are performed during
Special occasions
 birth,
 baptism,
 circumcision,
 puberty rites,
 courtship,
 weddings,
 during illness
 death.
Tribal activities
 hunting,
 fishing,
 rice planting,
 harvest time
 engagement in tribal wars.
 express pre-colonial beliefs and
reflect the indigenous people’s
activities and material culture.
HISPANIC CONQUEST
-The coming of the Spanish
Conquistador marked the beginning of
cultural transformation through the use
of the 'Sword and the Cross’. Divide
and rule was implemented through
force to subjugate the native dwellers
of these Islands. But the most feeling
strategy was the utilization of
Christianity to maintain the submission
of the natives for more than 300 years
to the Spanish crown. Religion
became reflected in the practice of arts
under the supervision of the Friars.
HISPANIC CONQUEST CULTURE
The Hispanic Conquest
culture refers to the cultural influences
and aspects that emerged as a result
of the Spanish conquest of the
Americas during the 15th and 16th
centuries. It is characterized by the
blending of Spanish, indigenous, and
African cultures that occurred during
the colonization process. This cultural
fusion resulted in significant changes
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region

in various aspects such as visual and  Lyrics

performing art.  Narratives.
 Latinos or interpreters translate
The Spaniards
Spanish verses into Tagalog and
The first European sighting of the
were used in Catechisms.
Philippines by Ferdinand Magellan in
Poems
1521
- Miguel López de Legazpi's arrival  Dalit
in Cebu in 1565  has no fixed rhyme scheme
- Relocation of the Spanish capital  identifiable only by their
to Manila in 1571 solemn tone and spiritual
-Role of Manila as the hub for civil, topic.
military, religious, and commercial
endeavors  Pasyon
- The islands' renaming in honor of  primarily a Religious narrative
Philip II of Spain
poetry recounts the:
- Philip II's reign from 1556 to 1598
 suffering, death, resurrection
of Jesus Christ.
THE SWORD AND THE CROSS
 strategies or tactics used by the  Awit and Korido (secular
Spaniards in invading the poetry)
Philippines.  colorful tales of chivalry from
 It made the pacification of the Europe.
natives easier.  made for singing and
 The cross symbolizes religion chanting such the lbong
 while the sword symbolizes force. Adarna and Francisco
Balagtas "Florante at Laura”
The Sword and the Cross ametrical romance."
These two symbols are what
constituted the strategies or tactics PROSE
used by the Spaniards in invading the Religious narrative prose consists of
Philippines. It made the pacification of those written to prescribe proper
the natives easier. The cross behavior.
symbolizes religion while the sword  channels for instruction in the
symbolizes force. Catholic faith and for
colonialization of the students in
LITERATURE all Catholic schools.
Example
Poetry  Manual de Urbanidad or conduct
Religious poetry during Hispanic rule book
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region

 contains prescriptions on social ● Baroque architecture

propriety in the form of proverbs, ● Retablos found at the San Agustin
maxims, dialogues, and short Church in Intramuros
illustrative tales of devout
behavior. Painting
 Modesto de Castro's The focus of painting during
Pagsusulatan nang Dalauang Spanish rule were the religious icons,
Binibini na si Urbana ani Feliza in saints and religious scenes were
1864 evident in the stone walls and ceilings
of the churches, monasteries, schools,
 shows how a Dialogo or Dialogue
and chapels. The most prominent-of
shows how behavior can be
the Filipino artists during these times
learned through an exchange of
as they excelled abroad specifcaly in
insights.
Ettrope were Juan Luna on his
'Spolarium' and Felix Resurreccion
Hidalgo on his 'Christan Virgins
Sculpture and architecture
exposed to the Populace ' which won
These art forms were
at the 1984 In the Madrid Exposition.
manifested through the building of
EX.
churches in every town and plaza all
● Spolarium (juan luna)
over the archipelago. It exhibited the
● Fernando Amorsolo- Farmers
combination of indigenous design and
working and resting
European classical or baroque. This
was evident in the stone carvings on
Printing
the facade of the Miag-ao Church in
This was done through the
Iloilo. Santos or holy statues are
xylographic method using woodblocks
carved and crafted following European
and the Spaniards have published the
aesthetic. Santos are carved from
first book, the Doctrina Christiana en
wood by the natives to embellish the
lengua española y tagala (Christian
interiors and exteriors of churches,
Doctrine in the Spanish and
houses, and othet structures. The
Tagalog Languages), the Doctrina-
grandest achievements in this manner
christiana en letra y lenga China
are the retablos or altar pieces which
(The Christian Doctrine in the
are the retablos or the churches,
Chinese Script and Language), and
similar to this is the one found at the
the Apalogia por la Verdadera
San Agustin Church in lntramuros
Rellgion (in Defense of the True
oarved in 1617 by Juan de los Santos
Religion) pubished by the Dominican
from San Pablo, Laguna.
order in 1593.
EX.
EX.
● Stone carvings on the facade of
● Xylographic method
Miagao church
● Doctrina Christiana en lengua
● Santo nino de cebu
española y tagala
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region
Visual arts
Overall, the Hispanic Conquest
Culture in visual art represents the rich
and complex history of Latin America,
reflecting the convergence of different
cultural and artistic influences during
the colonial period
Performing arts
Philippine Dance in the Spanish
Period For the past 300 years, Spain
Shaped the lives of Filipinos in terms
of politics, economics, religion, and
culture. The hispanization infiltrated
even the musical and choreographic
practices of the people. Even Native
dances took on the tempo and temper
of the European forms, like the noted
tinikling and the Itik-itik acquired the
tempo of the jota and the polka
EX.
● Tinikling
● Itik-Itik
The Spaniards not only modified
our ritual, occupational, and imitative
dances, but also brought in their own
dances. The most-known was the jota,
which later on took on numerous
regional variations. Another type of
dance from Spain was the fandango
that was restyled as pandanggo; it
equaled the jota in popularity. In these
ways, the Spanish dances flourished
and stayed for all social occasions
EX.
● Jota
● Pandanggo
Theater
● Komedya, sarswela and other
drama was presented by the
European Civilization to enriched
the language in the lowlands.
Religious Dramas
● PANUNULUNGAN
● SALUBONG
● ALAY
● CENACULO
● TIBAG
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
(1898-1946)
The independence that the
Philippines gained after the revolution
of 1896 was cut short with the
establishment of the American
Colonial Government.
Bound by the Treaty of Paris in
In 1898, Spain “surrendered” the
Philippines to the United States.
From 1899 to 1913, the bloody
Philippine-American war occured.
AMERICAN INFLUENCE ON
PHILIPPINES CULTURE
FACTS
 The period of American
colonialization of the Philippines
was 48 years.
 The United States invaded the
Philippines, which was then
governed by Spain as the Spanish
East Indies, during the Spanish–
American War.
 It began with the cession of the
Philippines to the U.S. by Spain in
1898 and lasted until the U.S.
recognition of Philippine
independence in 1946.
 English was introduced as the
official language
LANGUAGE
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region

Lingua Franca of this period. American introduced the different

English was introduced into the kinds of terrestrial vehicles, aircraft
Philippines during the US colonial and marine in country.
occupation and civil regime in the Tranvia early years of the 20th century
early 1900s and has now become -streetcar system in Manila
the second official language.
Literacy doubled to about half by CLOTHING
the 1930's and a fourth of the Clothing that America introduced to
educated population could speak the Filipino culture were
English. English became the  belts,
dominate language alongside  bonnets,
the official Filipino language of
Tagalog.
 hats,
Poem, and stories from books  suspenders,
were dramatized in classroom to  high heels,
facilitate teaching of the English  polo shirts,
Language.  tennis shoes,
Americans zealously taught their
 short skirts,
language through an efficient
public school system.  dresses,
In less than a decade, Filipino  pantyhose
playwrights began to write plays in  make-up.
English. FOODS
American foods like
EDUCATION  burgers,
During the United States colonial  canned meat
period of the Philippines (1898-1946),
the United States government was in
 corned beef
charge of providing education in the  spam.
Philippines.  technology like microwave
Every child from age 7 was required and fridge.
to register in schools. DANCE

THERE WERE THREE LEVELS OF BALLET

EDUCATION DURING THE an artistic dance form performed to
AMERICAN PERIOD. music using precise and highly
 "elementary" level consisted of formalized set steps and gestures.
four primary years and 3
intermediate years. TAP DANCE
 "secondary" or high school is a form of dance characterized
level consisted of four years by using the sounds of tap shoes
striking the floor as a form of
 third was the "college" or tertiary percussion.
level.
First teachers were called: SKIRT DANCE
THOMASITES in which women dancers would
manipulate long, layered skirts with
TRANSPORTATION their arms to create a motion of flowing
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region
fabric, often in a darkened theater with
colored light projectors highlighting the
patterns of their skirts.
ATTITUDE
Filipinos became more frank,
and humorous. We developed a
stronger belief in rights. “Pagmamano”
was replaced by kissing the cheeks
(beso) of parents and elders as sign of
respect.
RELIGION
Protestantism was introduced
more or less than 300,000 Filipinos
became protestant. There was a
separation the the church and state.
LIVELIHOOD
Philippine economy improved
Increase in Agricultural production
Development of new industries.
HEALTH AND SANITATION
Filipinos learned the value of
cleanliness, proper hygiene and
healthy practices Hospitals, clinics and
health centers were established
including public hospitals for lepers.
ENTERTAINMENT
MOVIES
Movies became popular they
mostly shown documentation of public
and private lives.
 American Guerrilla in the
Philippines (released as I Shall
Return in the UK) is a 1950
American war film directed by
Fritz Lang and starring Tyrone
Power as a U.S. Navy ensign
stranded by the Japanese
occupation of the Philippines in
World War II. Based on the 1945
book of the same name by Ira
Wolfert, it was filmed on location.
MUSIC
The United States occupied the
Islands from 1898 until 1946 and
introduced
 American blues,
 folk music,
 R&B
 rock & roll
GAMES
 The Young Men's Christian
Association (YMCA) became an
integral factor in the assimilation
process as an auxiliary of the
American government in the
Philippines.
 In addition to baseball, the YMCA
leaders introduced the
organisation's own games of
basketball and volleyball to the
masses.
AMERICAN'S NEGATIVE
INFLUENCE ON PHILIPPINES
CULTURE
 Americanization of Filipinos
 Colonial Mentality
 Respectful Filipino ways of
greeting were replaced by merely
saying “Hi” or “Hello”.
 Filipinos starrted to prefer white-
collar jobs.
 Traditional Filipino food was
replaced.
 Lost our sense of “bayanihan”.
 In summary, we seemed to reject
our own identity.
The American Colonization Periods
1898 to 1935
During this time Washington
defined its colonial mission as one of
tutelage and preparing the Philippines
for eventual independence.
1935 to 1946
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region

The United States granted The arrival of the new colonial

the Philippines Commonwealth status power brought a shift in art patronage
and promised full independence from native ilustrados to Americans.
The new patrons favored landscapes,
Key events and dates during the
AMERICAN COLONIZATION still life, and genre themes that
PERIOD showcased the beauty of the land and
1898- The United States acquired the its people.
Philippines from Spain as a result of
the Spanish-American War Literature
American literature during this
1901-The Philippine-American War period was influenced by
began, lasting until 1902  puritanism,
 colonization,
1916-The Jones Act was passed,
which promised eventual  revolution
independence for the Philippines It reflected the thoughts and
experiences of Englishmen who
1934-The Tydings-McDuffie Act was settled in America.
passed, which provided for a ten-year
transition period to full independence The period of imitation
(1910-1924) was characterized by
1946-The United States granted full Filipino writers imitating American and
independence to the Philippines on English writers. The University of the
July 4th Philippines' school publication, UP-
College Folio, published literary
Literature Visual Arts and
Performing Arts of the Philippines compositions in English written by
(American Colonization Period) pioneers in English poetry, essays,
The American colonization and short stories.
period had a significant impact on Some notable poets during
Philippine culture and arts. During this this period include
time, American influences were
introduced to Philippine society,
 Fernando Maramag,
leading to changes in language,  Juan F. Salazar,
education, religion, government, and  Jose M. Hernandez,
popular culture
American cultural products such as  Vicente del Fierro,
music, films, literature, and fashion  Francisco Tonogbanua,
also influenced Philippine society.  Maximo Kalaw
Notable Filipino artists emerged during
this period and incorporated American  Vidal A. Tan
artistic styles into their works. Overall,  Francisco Africa
the American colonization period  Victoriano Yamzon
played a crucial role in shaping
modern Philippine culture and arts.
Formal essayists during this period:
Visual Arts & Performing arts  Carlos P. Romulo
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region
 Jorge C. Bocobo
Informal essayists:
 Ignacio Malapaz
 Godofredo Rivera
 Francisco B. Icasiano
 Salvador P. Lopez
 Amado G. Dayrit
Colonization really changed American
literature. Introduced a new kind of
book called the novel. In short,
colonization had a big impact on
American literature.
EXAMPLE OF ARTIST AND
ARTWORKS UNDER AMERICAN
COLONIZATION
FABIAN DE LA ROSA
De La Rosa was noted for his realistic
portraits, genre paintings, and
landscapes in subdued colors.
Some famous artworks of Fabian De
la Rosa
● YOUNG FILIPINA
● A REMEMBRANCE OF THE
VILLA BORGHESE
● WOMEN WORKING IN A RICE
FIELD
FERNANDO AMORSOLO
● He is the first and among the few
filipino painters who have
captured the different striking
colors and character of the
country’s magnificent sunlight.
● Amorsolo is best known for his
illuminated landscapes which
often portrayed traditional Filipino
customs, culture, fiestas and
occupations.
Some famous Artworks of Fernando
Amorsolo
● THE MAKING OF PHILIPPINE
FLAG
● DALAGANG BUKID
● ALAY MAIDEN
JEORGE PINEDA
Filipino artist Jorge Pineda was well-
known for his representations of
everyday life and nationalist themes.
His work, painted with loose, visible
brushstrokes and vibrant colors
presented an idealized vision of life in
the Philippines through images of
military victories, children playing, and
women performing domestic chores.
Some famous artworks of Jeorge
Pineda
● PORTRAIT OF A LADY
● TAUSUG PRINCESS
● THE FRUIT VENDORS
DOMINADOR CASTAÑEDA
Fernando Amorsolo was
good friends with and a contemporary
of the painter and author Dominador
Hilario Castaneda. His paintings
diverged from the characteristic style
of the Amorsolo School and a different
direction, especially in terms of color.
Castaneda is well known for
landscapes rendered in cool tones of
white and blue.
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region

SOME FAMOUS ARTWORKS OF the honor of being awarded a National

DOMINADOR CASTENEDA Artist of the Philippines.
● DEATH MARCH Some famous Sculptures of
Anastacio Caedo
● BAHAY KUBO ON THE RIVER
● Benigno Aquino Monument
BANK ● MacArthur Park Landing
● THE DOOMED FAMILY
Japanese Period
PABLO AMORSOLO History
His painting diverged from the Japan occupied the
characteristics style of the Amorsolo Philippines for over three years
(between 1942 and 1945). It started
school and a different direction,
on December 8, 1941 when Imperial
especially in terms of color. Famous Japan occupied the Commonwealth of
for creating scenic views characterized the Philippines during World War II.
by a palette of cool hues dominated by The Philippines at this time was a
white and blue. Younger brother of the semi-independent commonwealth
Philippine National Artist Fernando government under the colonial rule of
Amorsolo the United States of America.
However, after Filipino and American
Some famous Artworks of Pablo
soldiers were defeated by Japanese
Amorsolo soldiers at the Battle of Bataan and
● LIMPIA BOTAS the Battle of Corregidor in April 1942,
● EL CIEGO (THE BLIND MAN) the American and Filipino soldiers
● FRUIT VENDOR surrendered, marking the beginning
of the Japanese invasion.
SCULPTURES
CULTURE
GUILLERMO TOLENTINO It has become a Filipino practice to
In 1973, Tolentino was remove a slipper from one’s feet
named as a National Artist for before entering the house.
sculpture.Trained in the classical style  learned from the Japanese - they
in Rome, Tolentino's master piece were the only Asian colonizers of
include the Oblation in the University the Philippines.
of the Philippines and the Bonifacio Kite flying
Monument in Caloocan.  part of a Filipino’s childhood
 practice of kite flying was learned
Some famous Artworks of from the Japanese.(Japanese
Guillermo Tolentino even spend their whole New
● BONIFACIO MONUMENT Year’s Day while flying kites.)
● OBLATION
Others: Duck Farming/Raising or Fish
ANASTACIO CAEDO Breeding, Bonsai Planting More
He produced numerous recently, Japan has influenced the
commissioned representational Philippines by bringing similar cultural
sculpture mainly monumets of Filipino additions to our country, similar to its
Heroes, businessman, and educators. influence on the rest of the world.
He is also notable for having refused
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region
Karaoke is a pastime
practiced in parts of the Philippines,
and many Filipino children watch
Anime shows on television and read
Manga just as they do elsewhere.
LITERATURE
Between 1941-1945,
Philippine literature in English came to
a halt. Except for the Tribune and the
Philippine Review, Pillars, Free
Philippines, and Filipina, almost all
newspapers in English were stopped
by the Japanese.
Victoria Abelardo has described:
Filipino Writing (japanese
occupation)
 pessimistic and bitter.
Filipino literature
 renewed attention (writers in
English turned to writing in
Filipino)
 Juan Laya, who used to write in
English turned to Filipino.
• The weekly LIWAYWAY was placed
under strict surveillance until it was
managed by a Japanese named
Ishiwara.
• The only contact with the outside
world was done with utmost secrecy
through the underground radio
program called “Voice of Freedom”.
• Tagalog was favored by the
Japanese military authority and
writing in English was consigned to
a limbo. Japanese were able to
influence and encourage the Filipino
in developing the vernacular
literature
FILIPINO POETRY
 Common Theme:
 nationalism
 country
 love
 life in the barrios, faith, religion,
and the arts.
Three types of poems emerged during
this period.
1. HAIKU - a poem of free verse that
the Japanese liked.
 17 syllables divided into 3 lines.
 The first line has (5) syllables,
 the second – (7) syllables,
 the third – (5) syllables.
2. TANAGA - short, but has measure
and rhyme.
 17 syllables
3. KARANIWANG ANYO (Usual
Form)
 the usual and common form of
poetry. Genre paintings were the
most widely produced, particularly
those that presented a neutral
relationship between Filipinos and
the Japanese through works that
showed the normality of daily
living.
Performance Arts
The Japanese also brought radio
calisthenics to the Philippines.
 refers to the broadcasting of
exercise music through radio
stations early in the morning in
order to encourage exercise.
 Today, radio calisthenics may still
be seen in the form of aerobics
performed in groups or popularly
known here in the Philippines as
zumba.
VARIOUS FORMS OF
PERFORMING ARTS INCLUDES
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region
 theater (supported by japanese
soldiers - cultural expression &
propaganda)
 music,
 stage events,
 Offered amusement while also
promoting the Philippines'
inclusion in the Great East Asia
Co-prosperity Sphere.
 Stage performances were
encouraged, and a new license
fee was imposed on all Manila
theaters for stage shows,
vaudeville, opera, and similar
events.
Music competitions promoted
development and performance of
music with native themes. Concerts
were also a popular type of
entertainment during this time period.
BODABIL is a type of stage act that
was popular throughout the Japanese
occupation. These acts, which began
as intermission numbers in circuses or
plays in small theaters, dealing with a
variety of subjects, including Philippine
heroes, people, and ways of life.
The subjects of the stage
plays were frequently modeled on
American models but included
Philippine melodies such as
kundimans. Apart from the normal
comedy and musical acts, bodabil
included full-length plays during the
war years.
Visual Arts
The Japanese period art
scene underwent various changes
influenced by the wartime
circumstances and the new
authorities Propaganda and Patriotism:
The Japanese occupation government
sought to promote their ideology and
control the flow of information,
including in the arts. They
encouraged artists to create works
that reflected pro-Japanese
sentiments and themes.
Many artists were compelled or
pressured to produce propaganda art
that glorified the Japanese empire and
the Japanese military.
LIMITED ARTISTIC FREEDOM:
 Artists were subjected to
censorship, and their works had to
align with the occupiers'
propaganda goals. This resulted
in the suppression of critical or
oppositional art.
 While some artists resisted
Japanese influence, others were
influenced by Japanese art styles
and techniques.
SOME FILIPINO ARTISTS
INCORPORATED ELEMENTS OF
JAPANESE ART,
 calligraphy
 traditional Japanese motifs
This fusion of styles is evident in some
paintings and other visual artworks
from the period.
War-Related Art: The Japanese
period also saw the creation of art
related to the war itself. Artists
documented the wartime experiences,
including scenes of destruction,
suffering, and resilience.
Some artists used their skills
to produce works that captured the
impact of the conflict on Filipino
society. Most of the artworks depict
the sentiments of artists during the
war. Modern artists emerged, such as
 Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region

Victorio Edades together with Carlos

"Botong" Francisco and Galo
Hernandes who were considered as
the "Triumvirates" that pioneered
modern arts in the country.

During the Japanese

occupation, Filipino painters, both
early moderns and conservatives,
continued to create art. They even
competed in art competitions
sponsored by KALIBAPI (Kapisanan
sa Paglilingkod ng Bagong Pilipinas).
However, art creation was influenced
to meet the goals and needs of the
new colonial system, with an emphasis
on indigenous art and customs.