Jordan University of Science & Technology

Chemical Engineering Department

A Report on the

Ammonia industry

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the chemical industries (CHE 422)

course

:By

#ID Students Name

113445 Roa'a naseem ali bani mortada

Supervised by: Mohammad Al Harahsheh

Submission Date:
Introduction

The ammonia industry is a vital component of the global economy, serving as a key

input for the production of fertilizers, explosives, and other industrial chemicals. The

process involves nitrogen and hydrogen reacting over a catalyst to form ammonia,

.which is then purified and compressed for storage and transportation

The structure of ammonia compound (NH3) consists of one nitrogen atom bonded to

three hydrogen atoms, the nitrogen atom is in the center, with three single covalent

bonds connecting it to the hydrogen atoms .This arrangement gives ammonia a

.pyramidal shape, as shown in figure 1

Figure 1: Ammonia structure

Ammonia has been known for over 200 year, British chemist Joseph Priestley was the

first to isolate gaseous substances Ammonia in 1774. Its composition was determined

by the French chemist Claude Louis Berthollet in 1785. 1898 Adolph Frank and

Nikodem Caro discover that N2 can be repaired Calcium cyanamide made from

.calcium carbide
The German chemist Fritz Haber completed much more an important work in the

development of modern ammonia Industry. Working with a student at the University

.Of Karlsruhe, he synthesized ammonia in the laboratory from N2 and H2

With the help of another German chemist called Carl Bosch, they developed the

most important industrial process for ammonia production in the first decade of the

.20th century and it's called the Haber-Bosch process

The People’s Republic of China is the largest producer of ammonia today, accounting

for 30% of production, with Russian Federation, the Middle East, the United States,

.the European Union and India accounting for a further 8-10% each

Ammonia is a colorless gas with a pungent odor that is widely used in the production

of liquid fertilizer solutions which consist of ammonia, ammonium nitrate and aqua

ammonia. It is also used by the fertilizer industry to produce ammonium and nitrate

.salts. Another ammonia using in refrigeration systems and as a cleaning agent

References
1. https://www.aiche.org/resources/publications/cep/2016/september/introduction-
ammonia-production
https://www.iea.org/reports/ammonia-technology-roadmap .2
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process
https://www.freefullpdf.com/search_gcse/?q=raw%20material%20of .4
%20ammonia#google_vignette&gsc.tab=0