3q TECHNOLOGY.

Technology 5I
738
74342
3100 Engineering
BN Chodhasa
A.dan
21
Mobile
No.
V)
ENGINEERING
& Lab and
Chemical
Manual (Semester
-23
2022
Session:
AKOLA
TECH Sakarkar
Science
Year
of D.P.
Department Third
Dr.
OF Material Student:
of
Name Faculty:
:Number
PRN
COLLEGE
of
Name
 INDEX

Sr. Name of Experiment Date Page Remarks

No. No.

1 To determine the lzod impact test of 1

material. '

2 To determine the tensile strength of 12-og-22

given material and determine the
percentage elongation of break.
Rockwellhardness test. 5

4 Izod impact test on given metallic 13-3-22

7

sample.

To identify the given sample (steel) for

its carbon Content & study its
3-16-22
mechanical properties using
metallurgical microscope.
6 To prepare steel specimen & study itoio22 9
under metallurgical microscope & find
out in carbon content.

To determine dart impact strength of 11

plastic sheets or films with the help of
dart impact tester.

Corrosion of Metals And Alloys 13

ldentification of plastics/films 18

To study abrasion resistance of rubber 25

sample.
17-1o-22
11. To determine the bursting strength of 26
different samples.

|7-10-22
12 To determine dielectric strength of 29
plastic.
 material strain Formulae:
Low
speed
To
Aim: Theory: material.
because
Model Motor of
rate
a 1.
NImpn
=o73
l73bo72mn i7 14-5
7
gen 13"613-23
'). 12s.s
of es =87
Sthength Sthenath 2ss
ahen i277 87
the gtps.
,tensile =
2na tenstle ial iD xso-S
leermine toree tnalei
obserwatton
and
Catculation 136
lengh
ent
Expenithe
m Speimen
tolder
Specsimen =257
shhenath ite in 2-75cm
em
12·70
ao
determine
and pes
-1277
mm
change 13
Scm
çhres
styrets
Dsenking
buenk.
Com thickne-
tnutentalTest >
Sample- - length
-
T of !-
APparatd
lergh with 2)
Somple
fimate
$-
Am
)
-og-22
moral ;thespecified
of the a
tensileto usefulof is of
the 500 ability of sensitivegroupThisbehavior
2 determine 400, high amongst determine relative
iDate the of
more product.
grips.
300, mm/min for indicating most ofmeasurement basisvery large Dependent
220V of are
holder are to indication properties
a
and 200, the the are, From of
1/4HP, measurementand design
material specimen 5kg 125, 10,12.5 for and on plastics
x
dynamometer apart
and diagram.compared plastic. time
kg 100, speed, material
a tensile actual
is Many
N0.2
EXPERIMENT
given tester,
0-250 5,
3.125, senseitpull modulus the
75, of
high modulus
the stress-straindata.The typein account
broadto often use
of 50, pendulum tendTensile condition.
modulus
strength 1kg, speed,
5, for in particular
limited 3
strength 2, 220V
1.25,1.875, strength are in
500
PM-DM tensile a that
breaking. take.
x in material Thickness
tensile kg 1000mm1/2HP,
speed. test forces from tensile environmental
of
0-500high m/min a load. and a are not
tensile
break. On of tensile determined of
specimen, indicationwithstand
elongation before of and selection rate does
material types xWidth
the ofelongation elongation such
determine ofSpeed separation:
transverse: grip
Max measurement:
Load material and test
tester
ofCapacity important be Different preferential and the =
Test data:
Technical Tensile of to can strain Area
Formulae:
Apparatus: [properties
material
(of material strength, materials material.
because
percentage speed
Low Theory: extent of
To most rate
Model Motor in
Aim: 1.
NImr
73
-13b
 majority :
Result
2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
o 25-32vlmmtod
927. elongotien
3-23%
NImmewnd
13.22
25
oS
m S-1aS=20m .
jo0 mn eund ond 16
X I772$5 o-seNmm²
D73
14.Smm135 mateial
Pol-ymehic svength matenid
2 5
135mm
3- - -13Sxi3-13 lS 121:3)J
135
tonsie Polyrmenie
matenia
=|7 Compesiteis
lenafh .
12:7o |481
13
LI the Viyin
ond
in
5x\o Bnenking
Chonae Poslt;
3ample Atrea
13 -
=
Astea
 at the
position removing removing the
tester by the loading impact
level break. often. on provided
Release break %
measure and based
the are
up lockers of mechanical and
downward
movement
without without at conditions often literature
its on time material
grips. elongation elongate and
kg/cm2
to mounting
to
the the quite
up movement size engineer. technical
the
rotating at of service
come legs
of is modulus,
between largethe properties
before degree applications kg/cm²
and
....%
the
to by downward of measure all design the
grip grip divider of
specimen virtually
some strength,
from
specimen tips the
device. by of elongation.
the upper marks,
the all
100 equipments. set understood derived
involve
allowed for for
locking between among because variety
tensile 4
x
L)ILI] the the activated activatedtest use gauge normally %
lock hold on applications
properties a
test, and
and grip difference properties for as
less composite
and
material..
to lines two
device. selection
forcelarea.
=
Strength
[(LB
availability
bottom
supply be
anticlockwise the be the
are
such strength
are Mechanical
device.
locking
grip not not parallel between by
properties.
Release Conducting mechanical properties values
= used properties
Elongation the up will will locking the important material tensile
measuring
on the its motor motor tWO difference end These
I top grip. grip Significance: The
Switch
Presswhere Markwhile of these Themechanical
Procedure: The the The the The most
% the majority strength. :
Result
never
The
3. 5.
2 3 1 2 4
 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Reistanu gu
stel
talie of ke
m
M
mel thc<nesS storength
Ihl
m
4 ongiven stnength machine ioten45
No Stondlal
specimen poct be
iment Tm
pact
testt01 m Cestt0
test pel
testio
Expen tength f3odoF found
impaet Tm Poct ple
Tzod the cm
S Ls
DatSample
t-fobmulaAppatustcbsewatien peaot
-
Afn
19-og-22
Date-
ís The absorbing it vents is liablereceive
Roughness
it it.
released,
hammer. It table.
clanmped
Therefore
loads, specimen.
The the is
it will
shock
impact mechanism. in whether
then the 113 the
material
down
load. thickness in before the measure
or
sucha heightavailable breakingnoted know
impact impact as
the
release impact.
velocity
under
specimen.
materials required height table.is to because
test
EXPERIMENT to to
4NO. energy after and necessary
to material Impact of
subjectedresistance
sample. the sameproperly.
the
side.scale
observation
calculated sample
of standard the operating servíce
strength=Resistance
to observe
the is lifetime.
metallic the raised anvil
otheron
observed
it
material
given 7
are of
the to
raised the iscapacity is
material CK4Jmm
machine, the by the in intended
impact of
partsresistance
out is 113 to
released strength
given find hammer
showing to swings energy a
again
fixed is use
reading absorbing to the of
on structuralto testing
to subjectedbreakage
is is hammerfinal during impact
test the is material. impact pendulum is
specimen
free pendulum planning
test Impact hammer the
energy
impact know a shock to izod
dropped
Many this the lzod allowing
as when
Significance:
the When resistance
The tob
to
necessary
Dart Purpose: Apparatus:
of of formulae: Procedure:
The The The The 1\3 The notedThe found
break
or Result:
capacity
purpose
Aim: blow
to or
1. 2. 3 4 5 6
8ven
 Description given
Sampleschemical Material RESULT:
The The The
1. 2. 3
ien
microseope
(sonicul
foteel)
mech ust
ohite
WosSample
Epeniment
itswngicd
metall (ortomit
-47
canben
study in
gun Sarnple
the gContenths
idonifyproperties
using given
Carben The
To
:- T3
Aim_ Reult
i
v3-lo-2
Dute
3(d)
Figure
its
study Its
carbon.
Its
çementite.
&
content 2-4
carbon.
pearlite carbon.
carbon (c)
2Figure pearlite ferrite.
&
alpha &
pearlite
5NO.
EXPERIMENT
microscope.
its tostion
white &
pearlite
for containing
eertaiFHHg containing
(steel) toon
cast
hite
metallurgical 8
sample 5,6. Garbon carbon carbon
1(b)
Figure
2, bon
Ct
3-4 of
plainconsists plain
plainofconsists
givenusingno. microstructureofconsists
microstructure
sample is is is
sample sample sample
the properties microstructure
identify SteelOBSERVATION:
Magnification
SPECIMEN: Observation Composition Description given given given
pechanical Sampleschemical Material RESULT:
To The The The
Its
AIM: 1. 2. 3
 DATE:
1) 2) 3) 4) 1) 2) 3) 4) 4) 5)
5) ) 1) 2) 3)
heactviy
miroscope
Spevimen
hole
telwtedngicad
iton olomtniom
tor mechine
Noexpetime
last cwybon micoseope
white
me
Solotton
undeinbut
pane
prre
Stocyfind Poishing
To 2
$-
Nfm
told-22
find solution. polishingare direction
previous
paper.. sample specimen
the
& which in alcohol.
Dete Microscope emry then contain
grade specimen The long
etching
reactive the avoided.
cloth stand
0-4. fromusing solution
swapping
three avoided.
metallurgical successive
sketches
by silky with
be
an removed etching anything.
carbon. using on
wash o
from solution be grinding
6NO.
EXPERIMENT polished avoided.
sample stitches the grade. in
then to
by
at is
under of grade paper to are specimen is grindingdoing touch
0.05% energy
anglesketches metal
thenalcohol. specimen
raw metallurgical
are
study emryright is 2% during
surface being 9
containing aluminumgiven there reachsurface
with the essential.
machine
0,1,2,3. usingat all by
dipping time
surface
important.
&
specimen the removedkeptwhenwe driedetched dipped
under specimen
etching
frompaper. by till free is
steel polishing
grade is paper
remove sketches& by dipped
cleanness
up specimen
solution change are watersurface is
removed
emryis cotton necessary a fixedetching
steel mild
content. of dust emry sketches heating
Completely with Specimen
paper
Metallurgical on is the
prepare Dead PRECAUTION:
desk sample obtain of
Polished Absolute
Polishing all of wash pieces it
Finally proper
is machine
PROCEDURE:
When grade Over Avoid
carbon APPRATUS:
SPECIMEN: ThreeEmry Dust This disk. After
We
of is
To
DATE: AIM:in 3) 4) 5) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
out 1) 2)
1) 2) 3) 4)
 1) 2) 3)
Cust mild
Jods
ohite
tonkon
-f
deals
contairng
eund
Steel
Sample
i's
semple
guen
Theeontasnirg
ioton given
ahalyss
Chemicad The
t-
Potult
 of
ferrite carbon.
of3-47
carbon,
3-47
of
+2%
containing
iton
peralite. containing
10
steellat
steel.ferrite mild &
steel ferrite.
of
mild after
deadhite
mild
comparison
tectoid
structure.
Microscope is dead
sample
ANALYSIS:
CHEMICAL
hyper 15%. is
sample
OBSERVATION:
Chemical given
of
Material partite
The given&
RESULT: partite
Of
85%, The
1) 2) 3)
 al. ervation 9(A)NO. NT

Infe

calcudations
ooserotior
Tblc
2 S
polystnyne Somple
Proplyne poly Pr PS
nalenial
Sheds
Helahf.
2 2.2. 22 22 2.2 testere
22 2.2 2.2 -
2 cf
polystycne( or
d Experinmg
lC.+.nt
arnt
lms
W
35 of
30 35 30
dant Ps) eth
& impact
polypnope the
Iength
Dant of
Jo SO 5 q5 80 40 35 30
lene help
shength
of
dant of
plaske
2. 1.
PRC impe wrin sha Fro
t dant EXPERIMENT NO.7
AIM:To determine dart impact strength of plastic sheets or films with the help of
dart impact tester.
APPARATUS: Dart impact testing machine, specimen, dart and weight.
FORMULAE:
- Dant
1 Dart Impact Strength = % weight x Length of Dart.
TECHNICAL DATA:
Inside diameter of clamp=127mm
Radius of inside edge of clamp = 1.5mm
diameter
Specimen size = strips of 230mm width and 38.1mm
15gm
Weight =hemispherical weight of 30gm and 24nos. 5gm and
1524mm
Height from which dart is dropped = 220mm, 6GOmm &
Motor of vacuum pump=1AHP, 220A.C.

TEST SPECIMEN
258mm width. The lspecimen
From the test sample, prepare long strip of about
shall be free from pin holes,
shall be preventative of material under test and
constitute unless such
wrinkles, folds or other obvious imperfections
imperfections constitute variables under test.
PROCEDURE:
assembly is fixed to the
1 According to the type of film the electric magnetic
the respective
suitable height and the plug of the assembly is inserted in
socket, height is selected as below.
place the sample on the
2 Select the vacuum pump, open the valve and
is created to hold
specimen, holder and press it till enough the vacuum
the sample firmly. Ensure that the
sample is not wrinkled oF loose. For
slippery film use
film of thickness mere than 10Omm or in case of stiff and
equipment.
the clamping ring as provided with the
weights to the dart
3 For checking compliance with the standard & sufficient
assembly to make the weight of the dart assembly including the weight
load given for the
and holding right equal to the minimum impact failure
screw of the
standard film fir the specific thickness of the sheet. Tight the
weight firmly.
holding ring on the stream of the dart to hold the loose
 - - O
Result: -Dant Thickness
Dant fon
polprtor calcwlation s
‘rom Soy, impact inpct polyst
O
+he The presnplene of y
and Til enc
soidvalue cngth
stneng
4he
Spec of y,
th
s impact wt
hength iman g0 3mCm
[430
x X wot
22hc
failat ight x
ís load height
1430 |9Co
at
uTARA9
ym/m which
GS

SarnPle
RESULT:Station ist re partc high
rate
LIMITATICflexibility towoul SIGNIFIC. 6. 5. 4.
The
On The sha the of the inc Fo tes ha thr im bo da ra
 4

SarnPle bart high

LIMITATION: [lexibility SIGNIFICANCE:
RESULT:Station
of the
increasing bounces Care dart raise Press
For test, havethroughRepeatimpact
would rate The shall the
The is One failure assembly the the
required to tension results
the use bebiggest be samples determination the filled in should
value of sample more the such on dartmagnet
problem the the
subjected
read against
loads, in
gm to is graphically. tested the thanabove cases. the be wil
assembly
cm of establishbiggest specimen its
advantage from
impact istest.
of ability total taking deemed procedure specimen. taken hangenergizing
& the with of hal f
the isolating to
disadvantages graph The mass actual
at
If of
it tofrom with
strengthfailure an of
actual to of any breaks th e
different duplicatefalling to The avoid
thenergy
e of least
&dart particular have to the theswitch
load service. falling conduct total test operator
of rate wil mass 10 through magnet other
s0zes weight
the give tests passed no. at
multiple
film at oflevel of dart with
which impact.
is The the in load of
least hand
|2 tothis multidirectional
& impact which on result the the in tests. should & the
T430 fall type shapes value rupture
the less 10 impact allow &
50 other rigid
the test fo'rabove test.
than samples.The take
%.of of of50% graph catch it
obvious
sample. test including on
each in to hand.
gm/cm over impact of
test sample
or fall
away
solid impact paper
the impact.loaning the cases
is the exactly The on the
Another the example
an failure with is dart Simultaneously
specimen Pendulum
specimen to
dart where the hand.
large actual stress Plo t til deemed
half after
load.determine gradually
80% sample.
serious no. isthat the no. breaks
is Part. fails first dart The
the % of of to
at of a or
 Inference Inference
polyethylene. beCemeSbranqe
yellou
bulkchlonine
oSmell
PP
EXPERIMENT
NO.9(A) Soead oth
ReLome blue
base
material.
ecompos pVC 2325
Observation Observation 14
l
mell
S Yeca
Sofen
material. unknown be
Color/nature
flameyello
of be tofound
to
unknown found flame
oColor/nature
f test
gravity
Specific
test
gravity
Specific
of
ldentification
appearance
Visual test smoke
ofNature
sample
Visual
appearance melting
Heat
Heat
melting
test smoke
of
Nature sample
of
Test
ldentification
Test Given
|Cut
test Melting
Given
Water AIM:
test
Cut Melting
Odour Water RESULT:
Odour
RESULT:
AIM: Sr. No
Sr. No 2. 2 8 9
1. 2. 3 4
 Inference Inference
EXPERIMENT
NO,
9(B) lubniea
ke
waey
Observation
yeltow
Top PP
Observation
material. 2624
ofIdentification
material. unknown
be
be to
to found
unknown
AIM:
1. found flame
o|Color/nature
f test
gravity
Specific sample
flame
ofColor/nature
test
gravity
Specific ldentificationappearance
of Visual test
melting
Heat smoke
ofNature
appearance
Visual Heat
test
melting smoke
ofNature sample
Test Given
Test
Given test
Cut Melting
Odour Water RESULT:
|Cut
test MeltingOdour Water AIM:
RESULT:
Sr. No
2. 4. 8
Sr. No 3. 3 5
3. 5 8
 txpeniment No, |

bunstíng stnength of
Aimi To detenmine +he
diffenent sample
papens,boand Laminated with
FPPRatus Sa mple f
bunstng steng th equpmt.
film and
observation -

Thiclknes s stnength Reading

No. Sample Cmm) f 5ample
paper sheet O.5 mm 2 kglcm
2: Hand bond 20 kl Cm

Flm COl m m 5 kg lcn

Result!
bunsting
Ih this wway we calculate thc
stnength of ditfeent Maleals.

Papen sheet = 2kq lcm

2) Had bonl 20 kglCm.
 Dae;- |7-l0-22
AIM:To determine EXPERIMENT
the bursting
strength of
NO.11
APPARATUS:
Sample of papers, board different samples
equipment. laminated with film &Bursting strength
THEORY: What is bursting
The
strength?
Definition: maximum uniformly distributed pressure applied at right
surface that atest piece will angle to
stand under standardized condition.
Measuring unit: Kg/cm, KPa
PROCEDURE:
1. Switch the main ON.
2 Turn the clamping wheel in anticlockwise direction. Take the sample to be
tested &place it over the diaphragm plate. Clamp the sample by applying
adequate pressure by clockwise turn of the wheel.
3 Select the gauge to be used depending on the sample to be tested. For
range
lower values, like in case of paper & low range board used the lower
& closing the higher
gauge by opening the valves of lower range gauge
the lower range valve & open the
range gauge in case of board, close
higher range valve.
used beyond its
that the lower gauge is not
(CAUTION: Care has to be taken
capacity as it may damage the gauge.) position.
metenal 4 Bringthe lazy hand (red
indicator of gauge) to zero
keep it pressed till the
sample burst.
Burst 'button & RUBREp
5 Press the 'Push or REPLACEMENT OF THE
value in Kg/cm2
6 Record the maximum
DIAPHRAGM: vulcanization from the
made from pure gum
diaphragms are pressure. Under
Linux Rubber standard required bulge
rubber to give average of
first quality smoke sheet the diaphragm should be place after anbelow specific
condition follow the
the normnal testing failure occur kindly
diaphragm
1000 bursts. When a
back to its starting position if not
Teplacement procedure.
Thepiston retracts
mains ON.
1. Switch the tri
equivalent clamping pressure from
already there. to have
damping wheel
2 Turned the
diaphragmplate.
Clamp to the
26
 platte
f woltoge Vlmm
shorengt
o hThieanesS 29
6b67
Vimm
Thickness
Bsrenleoon 22
,9t4u 2
0gmm2
Thickness 20
elehie
dli
o. V
I78
178
Experiment3hength
Dieleluie
formolai-
xrletaton
Obsewatien
=
Dicletie
stvrens
th
delermine yaltge strength
Thiness
douon Dieletone
To Bsteak
e-
Afm