SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
TUTORIAL -5 the sink at the rate of 72MJ/h. Determine the
1. The difference between source and sink temperature
of an ideal heat engine is 4500 C. If the work output of
the engine is 1.5 the heat rejected, determine its
thermal efficiency, source temperature and sink
temperature. Ans: 60% , TH= 750 K and TL = 300K
2. An inventor claims that a heat pump can maintain a
room at 200C when the surroundings is at 00C. The
heat loss from the room occurs at a rate of 1000kJ/min
and the heat pump requires 1 kW of power input.
Evaluate his claim. [Hint:
, (COP)rev,HP = and (COP)inventor =
3. During an experiment conducted in a room at 270C, a
student measures that a refrigerator consumes 2kW of
power and removes 36000kJ of heat from the desired
space at -230C. The running time for the refrigerator
during the experiment was 30 min. Are these data
reasonable? Why? [ Hint :Same as question 2]
4. Find the efficiency, power output and heat rejection
rate for a heat engine operating on a Carnot cycle
which receives heat at a rate of 6kW at 3270C and
rejects heat to 270C.
[ Hint: and and
]
5. An ideal heat engine has the same efficiency for a
source and sink at 800K and 400K respectively for
source and sink at TH and 800K. Determine TH in K.[
ANs: 1600K]
6. A heat engine operates between a high temperature
source TH and a low temperature sink at 300K. The
engine develops 60kW of power and rejects heat to
minimum theoretical value for TH and TL .[ Hint:
and = Ans :
1200K ]
7. A heat engine takes heat at a rate of 1200kW from a
high temperature source at 6000C rejects heat to the
surrounding at 250C. Power output from the engine is
700kW. Determine the engine efficiency and the
energy rejected to the surrounding. Compare both of
these for a Carnot engine operating between the same
temperature limits. [ Ans: Work output from a Carnot
] engine is 790.32kW and heat rejected to surrounding
for a Carnot engine is 409.68kW ]
8. An engine burns o.5kg of a fuel at 1800K and rejects
energy at an average temperature of 600K. If the
calorific value of the fuel is 42000 kJ/Kg, determine the
amount of work output that the engine can provide. [
Hint: and x CV where mf = 0.5 and
CV = 42000 and x ]
9. A car engine having a thermal efficiency of 40%
produces 40kW of power output. Determine the fuel
consumption rate in kg/h, if the calorific value of the
and QL = fuel is 42000kJ/kg. [ Same as question 9 and =
8.57kg/h ]
10. A car engine consumes fuel at a rate of 30 L/ h and
delivers 80kW of power output. If the calorific value of
the fuel is 42000kJ/kg and a density of 0.8g/cm3,
determine the efficiency of the engine. [ Hint: Power
output = 80kW and CV = 42000kJ/kg, fuel
 consumption = 30L/h = m3 / s , density of 0.8kW per degree temperature difference. For a
maximum power input of 1.5kW, determine the
fuel = 0.8g/cm3 so
minimum surroundings temperature for which the
= x and = x CV and ] heat pump will sufficient?
11. An ideal engine has a efficiency of 25%. If the sink [Hint: = 0.8 x (TH - TL), (COP)rev, HP = and (COP)HP =
temperature is reduced by 1000C, its efficiency gets
and (COP)HP = 50% of ]
doubled, determine its source and sink temperatures.
15. A refrigerator operates in a room at 220C. Heat must
[ANS : TH = 400K and TL = 300 K]
be taken out from the desired space at a rate of 2.5kW
12. A heat pump having a COP of 5 maintains a building at
to maintain its temperature at -200C. What is the
a temperature of 240C by supplying heat at a rate of
minimum power required to drive the refrigerator?
72000 kJ/h when the surroundings is at 00C. The heat
pump runs 12 hour in a day and the electricity costs Rs [Hint: , (COP)R = and ]
10/ kWh. 16. A refrigerator having a COP of 4 maintains the freezer
i) Determine the actual and minimum theoretical cost compartment at -30C by removing heat at a rate of
per day. 10800kJ/h and rejects heat to the surroundings at
ii) Compare the actual operating cost with the cost of 270C.
direct heating. a) Determine the power input to the refrigerator and
[Hint: = 72000kJ/Hr = 20kJ/S and , (COP)rev, HP compare it with minimum theoretical power input.
b) If the electricity costs Rs 10/kWh, determine the
= and = and Cactual = x 12 x 10 and
actual and minimum theoretical cost per day for
Cth = x 12 x 10 and cost of direct resistance heating effective operation of 12h/day. [Same as question 12
Cdirect = x 12 x 10 ] but apply formula for refrigerator].
13. A building is maintained at a temperature at 250 C by a 17. An air conditioning unit having COP 50% of the
heat pump having COP of 2.5. It loses heat at a rate of theoretical maximum maintains a house at a
1 kW per degree temperature difference between the temperature of 200C by cooling it against the
inside and the outside. If the outside temperature is - surrounding temperature. The house gains energy at a
100 C, determine the power required to drive the heat rate of 0.8kW per degree temperature difference. For
pump. [ Hint: Heating rate = 1 x (TH - TL) , (COP)HP = maximum work input of 1.8kW, determine the
and = 14kW ans ] maximum surrounding temperature for which it
provides sufficient cooling. [ Hint: = 0.8 x (TH - TL) ,
14. A heat pump having a COP of 50% of the theoretical
maximum maintains a house at a temperature of 200C . and = 1.8kW and (COP)R = ,
The heat leakage from the house occurs at a rate of (COP)rev, R = and same as question 14 ]
 THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES
TUTORIAL -6

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