Turks & Caicos Islands Community College

P O Box 236,
Grand Turks,
Turks & Caicos Islands
British West Indies
Department of Mathematics
MTH 2111: College Algebra
Tutorial Questions
Compiled By
Dr. J. O. Mubenwafor
2007 Dr. J O Mubenwafor
1.1 Exponential Functions
1. Solve the given equations (if possible) using algebraic method:
(a)
1 7
3 3
x+
(b)
3 1 5
4 4
x x +

(c)
5 2 3 5
7 7
x x +

(d)
2 4
2 8
x x +
(e)
2 1 3 1
8 4
x x + +
(f)
1 2 1
3 9
x x

(g)
3 1
4 8
x x + +
(h)
2 3
9 27
x+
(i)
4 3
9 27
x

(j)
3 5
4 4
x

(k)
4 1 7 3
2 2
x x +

(l)
7 2 3
4 8
x

(m)
2 1 2 5
( )( )
x x x
m m m
+
(n)
2 3
9 81
x
(o)
4 3
2 4
x

(p)
4
3
2 16
x

(q)
1
2 3
1
9
27
x
x

+
_

,
(r)
2
5
3 9
x

(s)
2
1
8
64
x
(t)
4 1
1
2
32
x+
(u)
3
1
49
343
x

(v)
2 1 2 5
(4 )(8 ) 16
x x x +
(w)
3 3
243 3
x x
(x)
1
4 16 64
x x

(y)
5 7
6(6 ) 36(6 )
x x
(z)
2
1
27
81
x

[Answers: (a) 6 (b) 3 (c)

7
2

(d) 4 (e) No solution (f)

3
4
(g) 3 (h)
3
4

(i)
9
8
(j) 8
(k)
4
3
(l)
13
14
(m) 6 (n)
5
2
(o) 10 (p) 3 (q)
3
7

(r) -5 (s) -1 (t)

3
2

(u) - (v) -23

(w) 3 (x) 5/3 (y) -3/2 (z) -2/3]
2. Solve the following equations:
(a)
1
2
16
x
(b)
3 4
5 5 5
x x +
(c)
2
2 3
3
x y

(d)
0.4
(1 ) 4 x + (e)
5
2 x (f)
1
16 0
8
x
_


,
(g) 3 2 x (h)
2
1
25
5
x
_

,
(i) 2 8 4
x x x

[Answers: (a) -4 (b) 0.5 (c) x = 1, y = -1 (d) 31 (e) 32 (f) -4/3 (g) 7 (h) 4 (i) 0]
2
3. Solve the following:
(a)
5 1 x x
e e

(b)
5 3 8 5 x x
e e

(c)
3 2 1 x x
e e
+

(d)
3 2 5 4 x x
e e
+
(e)
4 3 5 x x
e e
+
(f)
2
4
1
x
x
e
e
+

(g)
5 3
3
3
x
x
e
e
+
(h)
5 1
2
5 2 5
x
x
e
e e
+
+ +
[Answers: (a) 3 (b)
3
2
(c)
3
2

(d) 3 (e)
9
4
(f) 4 (g) -0.5 (h) -3]
4. (a) If
4
16 n , compute
6
n . (b) If 2 32
n
, compute
3
n .
(c) If 3 81
n
, compute
1
n

. (d) If 4 7
x
, what is the value of
2
4
x
?
(e) Given that 3 2
x
, what is the value of
2
3
x
?
(f) Given that 2 3
x
, compute
4
x
.
(g) Given that 5 3
x
, what is the value of
3
5
x
?
[Answers: (a) 64 (b) 125 (c)
1
4
(d)
1
49
(e)
1
4
(f)
1
9
(g)
1
27
]
5. World population is approximately described by the exponential function:
40
( ) 5.94 2
t
P t
_

,
, where P(t) is the population in billions and t
is time in years, measured from 1998.
(i) Predict world population for the year 2020, in billions, rounded to two
decimal places;
(ii) What was the population in 1970?
[Answers: (i) 8.70 billion (ii) 3.66 billion]
6. World industrial production is growing exponentially according to the equation:
10
100 2
t
y
_

,
,
Production is measured on a scale, with the 1963 production equal to 100. Will
production surpass 1000 by the year 2000?
[Answer: Yes, 1299.6]
7. The number of bacteria present in a certain culture after t minutes is given by:
4
( ) 300
3
t
N t
_

,
, where N is the number of bacteria.
(a) How many bacteria are present initially?
(b) Approximately how many bacteria are present after 3 minutes?
3
[Answer: (a) 300 (b) 711]
8. The world population P, at time t, is currently observed to be doubling and can be
described by the function:
( ) 2
t
c
P t k
_

,
, for suitable values of k and c.
World population in August 1998 was approximately 5.94 billion and is observed
to be doubling every 40 years. Predict the world population for the:
(i) year 2050; (ii) next 80 years.
[Answer: (i) 14.63 billion (ii) 23.76 billion]
9. If a single pane of glass obliterates 3% of the light passing through it, then the
percent p of the light that passes through n successive panes is given
approximately by the function:
0.03
( ) 100
n
p n e

.
What percent of light will pass through:
(a) 10 panes? (b) 25 panes?
[Answer: (a) 74% (b) 47%]
10. The function:
0.4
( ) 5
h
D h e

can be used to find the number of milligrams D of a certain drug that is in a

patients bloodstream h hours after the drug has been administered. How many
milligrams will be present after:
(i) 1 hour? (ii) 6 hours?
[Answer: (i) 3.35 mg (ii) 0.45 mg]
11. The projected population, P, of a city is given by:
0.05
100, 000
t
P e
where t is the number of years after 1990.
Predict the population for the year 2010. [Answer: 271828]
12. A radioactive element decays such that after t days the number of milligrams
present is given by:
0.062
0
t
N N e

where N
0
represents the amount of elements present at time
t = 0.
Given that N
0
= 100, how many milligrams are present after 10 days?
[Answer: 53.8]
13. Pierre de Fermat (1601 1665) conjectured that the function:
( )
2
( ) 2 1
x
f x +
, for x = 1, 2, 3, , would always have a value
equal to a prime number. But Leonhard Euler (1707 1783) showed that this
formula fails for x = 5. Determine the prime numbers produced by f for x = 1, 2,
3, 4, then show that f(5) = 641 x 6,700,417, which is not prime.
4
[Answer: 5, 17, 257, 65537, 4294967297]
14. Sales for a new magazine are expected to grow according to the equation:
( )
0.05
( ) 200, 000 1
t
S t e

,
where t is given in weeks.
Calculate the numbers of magazines sold after:
(a) one week; (b) 20, 45 and 52 weeks.
[Answer: (a) 9754, (b) 126, 179, 185]
15. A consumption function is modeled by the equation:
0.3
( ) 500(1 )
t
C t e

, where t is income level.

Calculate the consumption value when income level is:
(a) 12 (b) 20. [Answer: (a) 486, (b) 499]
16. The total value of sales, S (in $000), is given by the equation:
0.16
( ) 500(1 )
t
S t e

where t is given in weeks.

(a) Find the total sales at the:
(i) beginning of week one,
(ii) end of week one, (iii) end of week 5;
(b) Calculate the time, in weeks, taken for sales to reach $400,000.
(c) What is the maximum sale attainable?
[Answer: (a) (i) 0, (ii) 73.93, (iii) 275.34; (b) 10.1 wks (c) $500,000 (never
reached]
17. A virus is spreading through a chicken farm according to the function:
0.1
800
1 790
t
N
e

+
, where N is the number of infected chickens after t days.
(a) How many chickens are infected:
(i) initially?
(ii) after 20, 60, and 100 days?
(b) Will all the chickens become infected eventually? Give reasons for your
answer.
[Answer: (a) (i) 1 (ii) 7, 268, 772 (b) As t increases,
0.1t
e

in the denominator
will approach zero, therefore N = 800 infected chickens.]
18. Scientists estimate that the maximum carrying capacity of a lake is 6000 and that
the number of fish increase according to the function:
0.4
6000
( )
1 29
t
P t
e

+
,
where t is given in years and P(t) is the fish population at time t.
(a) Find the fish population in the lake:
(i) initially; (ii) after 4, and 10 years.
(b) Calculate the time taken for the fish population to reach 1000, 3000, 4000.
5
[Answer: (a) (i) 200 (ii) 875, 3919 (b) 4.39 yrs, 8.42 yrs, 10.15 yrs]
19. The table below describes an exponential function:
( ) (2 )
x
c
f x k
.
X 0 12 24
f(x
)
8 16 32
Find the function and give its initial value and its doubling time.
[Answer: 12
( ) 8(2 )
x
f x
, 8, 12]
20. In a study by molecular biologists in experiments involving genetic manipulation
of the important bacterium E. coli, it was found that the bacterium has a doubling
time of 17 minutes at 37
0
C in a laboratory with an initial count of 1000 bacteria.
(a) Compute the number of cells of the bacterium after 1 hour 42 minutes;
(b) Determine how long it takes the population to grow to 20,000
[Answer: (a) 64,000, (b) 73.47 minutes]
21. The bacterium Bacillus subtilis can be found in soil and in the content of
intestines. Its doubling time is 26 minutes.
(a) Give the function that describes the growth of the bacterium for an initial
count of 200 bacteria;
(b) Hence, determine when the population will reach 3200.
[Answer: (a) 26
( ) 200(2 )
t
N t
, (b) 104 minutes]
22. The population of the United States in 1997 was 268.5 million. The population is
growing exponentially, with a doubling time of about 65 years. If the current
trend continues, when is the population predicted to reach 300 million?
[Answer: 2007]
23. The cities of Penton and Trent have populations of 150 thousand and 200
thousand, respectively. They are growing with doubling times of 20 and 30 years,
respectively.
(a) After how many years (to the nearest year) will the population of Penton
equal that of Trent, if current trends continue?
(b) What will the populations then be, to the nearest thousand?
[Answer: (a) 25, (b) 356 thousand]
24. The worldwide consumption of crude oil has been growing exponentially with a
doubling time of 19.8 years. The amount of oil consumed in 1995 was 7,841,777
thousand metric tons.
(a) Construct the exponential function that describes the consumption of oil;
(b) Predict the consumption of oil in the year 2005.
6
[Answer: (a) 19.8
( ) 7841777(2 )
t
f t
, (b) 11,128,838.48 thousand metric tons]
25. (a) If
1 1
2
3 2
a b c
and
1 1
3
3 2
a b c
, find the value of a.
(b) Use the laws of indices to evaluate: 20
0
x 36
-
x 64

x 81
-
x ()
-2
[Answer: (a) 1, (b)
8
9
]
1.2: Logarithmic Functions
1. Compute the value of each of the following logarithms:
(a)
2
log 4
(b)
3
log 27
(c)
5
1
log
125
_

,
(d)
3
1
log
81
_

,
(e)
2
1
log
32
_

,
(f)
27
1
log
3
_

,
[Answer: (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) -3 (d) -4 (e) -5 (f) -1/3]
2. Using the properties of logarithms, compute the following, to four decimal places:
(a)
3 3
log 5 log 7 +
(b)
5 5
2log 4 log 8
(c)
3log 2 2log10
(d)
7 7
3log 4 5log 2
(e)
8 8 8
log 820 3log 13 log 5 +
[Answer: (a) 3.2362 (b) 0.4307 (c) -1.0969 (d) 0.3562 (e) 6.1530]
3. Solve the following equations, correct to two decimal places:
(a)
( 4)
3 5
x

(b)
( 2 7)
3 4
x +

(c)
(2 5)
4 3
x

(d)
2 3 2
5 3
x x +

[Answer: (a) 5.46 (b) 2.87 (c) 2.90 (d) -3.211]

4. Use the properties of logarithms to solve the following equations for x:
(a)
2
log (2 4) 3 x +
(b)
7
log (4 1) 1 x
(c)
2 2
log (7 4) log 2 3 x
(d)
6 6
3log log 125 x
(e)
log(3 2) 6log 2 2 log(2 1) x x + + + +
(f)
2 2
log 3 log 4 x +
(g)
3 3
log (3 6) log ( 2) 2 x x +
(h)
9 9
2log 3 log 1 x x
(i)
7 7 7
log ( 4) log 3 log 2 x x +
(j)
log 81 4
x

[Answer: (a) 2 (b) 2/7 (c) 20/7 (d) 5 (e) 3.5 (f) 16/3 (g) 4 (h) 1 (i) 12 (j) 3]
5. Solve the following equations for x, correct to four decimal places:
(a)
ln(3 2) 5 x
(b)
ln(5 3) 7 x +
7
(c)
ln(4 3) 8 x
[Answer: (a) 50.1377 (b) 218.7266 (c) 745.9895]
6. Solve the following equations (if possible) to four decimal places:
(a)
3
5
x
e (b)
2
6
x
e

(c)
5
72 10
x

(d)
/ 4
12 10
x
(e)
4 2
x

(f)
2
3.4 3
x
\
(g)
(2 1)
5.1 7
x
(h)
(3 5)
7.8 2
x+
(i)
(3 4)
2 9
x

(j)
( 2)
3 12
x+
(k)
(4 9)
5 15
x+

[Answer: (a) 0.5365 (b) -0.8959 (c) 0.3715 (d) -4.3167 (e) 2.0000
(f) 0.5570 ((g) 0.9186 (h) -0.6788 (i) 2.3900 (j) 0.2619 (k) -1.8293]
7. The population growth of the Turks & Caicos Islands is described by the function:
10
( ) 20 2
t
P t
_

,
,
where P(t) is the population in thousands at time t in years, measured from 1980.
If the current growth continues in this manner, when will the population reach 160
thousands?
[Answer: t = 30, in 2010]
8. The population growth of a certain country is described by:
45
( ) 30 2
t
P t
_

,
,
where P(t) is the population in units of one million and t is the time
measured from 1985. In which year is the population predicted to reach 40
million?
[Answer: t = 18, in 2003]
9. The population of Century City is described by the function:
25
( ) 35 2
t
P t
_

,
,
where P(t) is the population in thousands at time t in years, measured from 1990.
If the current growth continues, determine in which year the population will reach
50 thousand. [Answer: t = 12.86, in the 12
th
year, 2002]
10. The number of watts w provided by a space satellites power supply after a period
of d days is given by the function:
0.004
( ) 50
d
w d e

.
(a) How much power will be available after:
(i) 30 days?
(ii) 1 year?
(b) How long will it take for the available power to drop to:
(i) 30 watts?
(ii) only 5 watts?
8
[Answer: (a) (i) 44.3 watts (ii) 11.6 watts (b) (i) 128 days (ii) 576 days]
11. A model for the number of people N in a college community who have heard a
certain rumor is:
( )
0.15
1
d
N P e

,
where P is the total population of the community and d is the number of
days that have elapsed since the rumor began. In a community of 1000
students:
(a) how many students will have heard the rumor after 3 days?
(b) how many days will elapse before 450 students have heard the rumor?
[Answer: (a) 362 students (b) 4 days]
12. The growth of a certain bacterium is described by:
25
( ) 1000 2
t
N t
_

,
.
How long (to the nearest minute) will it take the bacterium to reach 5000?
[Answer: 58 minutes]
13. The growth of the bacterium Pseudomonas natriegens is described by the
function:
10
( ) 2
t
N t k
_

,
.
How long (to the nearest minute) will it take an initial count of 500 to grow to
2500?
[Answer: 23 minutes]
14. The inverse of the function of world population growth given in problem 5 of
section 1.1 above, measured from 1998 is:
40ln
5.94
( )
ln 2
P
t P
_

,

.
Using this inverse function, predict when the world population will reach 10
billion.
[Answer: t(10) = 30.06, year 2028]
15. Wood from the foundation of a fortification wall in a mound at Alisher Huyuh,
Turkey, was found to have radioactivity R = 10.26 units. If after t years of decay
the amount of radioactivity R(t) given off by 1 gram of a radioactive substance is:
5568
15.3 2
t
R

_

,
,
determine the approximate age of the wall.
9
[Answer: 3,210 years]
16. The population growth of a village, measured from 1980, is given by the function:
0.03
753
t
P e ,
where P is the number of persons in the population at time t.
(a) Estimate the population in:
(i) 1990
(ii) 2000
(b) In what year will the population reach 1750 persons?
[Answer: (a) (i) 1016 (ii) 1372 (b) 2008]
17. The population of a village at the beginning of the year 1800 was 240. The
population increased so that, after a period of n years, the new population was
240(1.06)
n
. Find:
(i) the population at the beginning of 1820;
(ii) the year in which the population first reached 2500.
[Answer: (i) 770 (ii) t = 40, 1840]
18. A liquid cools from its original temperature of 90
o
C to a temperature T
o
C in x
minutes. Given that T = 90(0.98)
x
, find the value of:
(i) T when x = 10;
(ii) x when T = 27
[Answer: (i) 73.5
o
C (ii) 60]
19. (a). Calculate the value of x, to four decimal places, given that:
2 1 2 1 4
(2.8 )(9.4 ) 6.3
x x x +

(b) Solve the following equation for x, correct to 3 decimal places:

3 2 1 3
(5.4 )(8.2 ) 4.8
x x x +

[Answer: (a) -1.4741 (b) -2.486]

20. (a) Solve the following for x:
2
log 3 log log 4

x x x
a a a
(b) Given that:
2 4
2log 2log log 4log
a a a a
y x y x + + , express y in terms
of x.
[Answer: (a)
3
3 or
1
3
3
(b)
8
y x ]
21. If
log 3
b
a
and
log 5
b
c
, find the value of
1
log 81 log 1125 log
15
b b b
_
+

,
,
in terms of a and c.
10
[Answer: 7a + 4c]
22. If
4
log 3 p
and
4
log 5 q
, show that:
4 4 4
1
log 81 log 1125 log 7 5
75
p q
_
+ +

,
23. Given that: { }
1
log log 24 log 0.375 6log 3
2
a a a a
N :
(i) find the value of N;
(ii) find also the value of
log
a
N
when a =
[Answer: (i)
8
27 (ii) 3]
24. Given that:
3
log ( )
b
x y p , and
2
log
b
y
q
x
_

,
, express
log ( )
b
xy
in terms of p and q.
[Answer:
3 2
5
p q +
]
25. Given that log x = a and log y = b, express
3
1000
log
x
y
in
terms of a and b.
[Answer: (3 + 3a b)]
26. If
log 5 log
a a
q b +
, and c = a
4
, prove that: q = abc.
2.0 - ALGEBRAIC EQUATIOS
2.1 Linear Equations
1. Solve the following equations:
(a) 3 5 4 x (b) 6 5 4 3 x x
(c) 5 6 3 x x (d)
2( 4) 7 2 x x + +
(e)
4(2 3) 9(3 5) x x +
(f) 3(2x 5) 2(x 3) = 3
(g)
3 4(1 3 ) 2 ( 1) x x x x +
[Answer: (a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 6/5 (e) 3 (f) 3 (g) 3/14]
2. Find the value of x in each of the following:
(a)
2 4 3
12
2 3
x x

(b)
5 4 3 7
4 2
y y
y


11
[Answer: (a) 19.5 (b) 2]
3. Solve the following equations:
(a)
3 5 3
13
3 4 8
x x
(b)
2 3 3 5
7 10
x x

(c) ( ) ( )
3 12 4
15 25 5 20
5 15 5
x x (d)
7 3 9 8
6
2 4
x x +

(e) ( ) ( )
9 3
3 3
5 4
x x (f) ( ) ( )
3
4 3 2 4 3
2
x x x 1
]
[Answer: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) ]
4. Solve the following equations for x:
(a) ( ) ( )
1 1
5 4 2 1
2 3
x x + (b)
3 1 7
2 1 ( 1)( 2) x x x x
+

(c)
2
2.78 54.06
17.931
x + (d)
21.3
3.2 19.23
65.871
x +
(e)
18
14.72 21.58 2.4
2.11
x
x + (f)
5 6
4 3 x x

(g)
19.1
6.2 0.195
83.72
x (h)
21.2 14
18.63 20
2.6 2.32
x x
[Answer: (a) -7 (b) 4 (c) 19.41 (d) 5.91 (e) 0.41 (f) 9 (g) 0.0682 (h) 0.9405]
5. Paula and Sam want to buy a house, so they have decided to save one-fourth of
each of their salaries. Paula earns $22.00 per hour and receives an extra $8.00 a
week because she declined company benefits, and Sam earns 26.00 per hour plus
benefits. They want to save at least $350.00 each week. How many hours must
each work each week?
[Answer: 29 hours]
6. A day care centers total monthly revenue from the care of x toddlers is given by:
r = 650x,
and its total monthly costs are given by:
c = 400x + 2000.
How many toddlers need to be needs to be enrolled each month to break even?
[Answer: 8]
7. $380 is divided between two students, A and B, so that A gets $144 less than B.
Calculate how much each of them got.
[Answer: A =$118, B = $262]
8 A farmer shared 496 plums among her three workers, Paula, Greta and Gertrude.
Greta received 16 more than Paula. Gertrude received three times as many as
Paula. Calculate the number of plums Paula received.
12
[Answer: Paula = 96 plums]
9. The Anderson Company produces a product for which the variable cost per unit is
$6 and fixed cost is $80,000. Each unit has a selling price of $10. Determine the
number of units that must be sold for the company to earn a profit of $60,000.
[Answer: 35,000units]
10. Sportcraft manufactures womens sportswear and is planning to sell its new line
of slacks to retail outlets. The cost to the retailer will be $33 per pair of slacks. As
a convenience to the retailer, Sportcraft will attach a price tag to each pair. What
amount should be marked on the price tag so that the retailer may reduce this
price by 20% during a sale and still make a profit of $15% on the cost?
[Answer: $47.44]
11. A total of $100.00 was invested in two business ventures, A and B. At the end of
the first year, A and B yielded returns of 6% and 5%, respectively, on the
original investments. How was the original amount allocated if the total amount
earned was $588.75?
[Answer: $5500 at 6%, $4500 at 5%]
12. The geometric Products Company produces a product at a variable cost per unit of
$2.20. If fixed costs are $95,000 and each unit sells for $3., how many units must
be sold for the company to have a profit of $50,000?
[Answer: 181,250]
13. The Clark Company management would like to know the total sales units that are
required for the company to earn a profit of $100,000. The following data are
available: Unit selling price of $20; variable cost per unit of $15; total fixed cost
of $600,000. From these data determine the required sales units.
[Answer: 140,000]
14. A person wishes to invest $20,000 in two enterprises so that the total income per
year will be $1440. One enterprise pays 6% annually; the other has more risk and
pays 7% annually; How much must be invested in each?
[Answer: 4,000 at 6%, 16,000 at 7%]
15. A person invested $20,000, part an interest rate of 6% annually and the reminder
at 7% annually. The total interest at the end of 1 year was equivalent to an annual
6% rate on the entire $20,000. How much was invested at each rate?
[Answer: 5,000 at 6%, 15,000 at 6%]
16. Candy has $70,000 to invest and requires an overall rate of return of 9%. She can
invest in a safe, government-insured certificate of deposit, but it only pays 8%. To
obtain 9%, she agrees to invest some of her money in noninsured corporate bonds
paying 12%. How much should be placed in each investment to achieve her goal?
[Answer: $17,000 in bonds, $52,500 in certificates]
13
17. A total of $18,000 is invested, some in stocks and some in bonds. If the amount
invested in bonds is half that invested in stocks, how much is invested in each
category?
[Answer: $12,000 in stocks, $6,000 in bonds]
18. Shannon grossed $435 one week by working 52 hours. Her employer pays time-
and-a-half foe all hours worked in excess of 40 hours. With this information, can
you determine Shannons regular hourly wage?
[Answer: $7.50]
19. A total of $20.000 is to be invested, some in bonds and some in certificates of
deposit (CDs). If the amount invested in bonds is to exceed that in CDs by $3000,
how much will be invested in each type of investment?
[Answer: $11,500 in bonds, $8,500 in CDs]
20. An inheritance of $900,000 is to be divided among Scott, Alice and Tricia in the
following manner: Alice is to receive of what Scott gets, while Tricia gets of
what Scott gets. How much does each receive?
[Answer: Scott: $400,000; Alice: $300,000; Tricia: $200,000]
21. Tickets for a concert cost either 50 each or 70 each. If the number of cheaper
tickets sold was twice the number of dearer tickets and the total receipts were
$340, find the number of cheaper tickets sold.
[Answer: 400]
22. A sum of money consists of 40 coins some of which are 20 pieces and the rest of
which are 10 pieces. If the total value of the coin is $5, find the number of 20
pieces.
[Answer: 10]
23. A women had $200. She went to a meatshop, a bookstore and a drugstore. She
spent four times as much money at the meatshop as she did at the drugstore. She
spent $15 less at the bookstore than at the drugstore. She had $5 left. Obtain an
equation for the total amount of money spent and hence calculate the amount she
spent at the drugstore.
[Answer: 6x 15 = 195, $35.00]
2.2 Simultaneous Linear Equations: Two unknowns
1. Solve the following simultaneous equations:
(a) 6x 5y = -7 (b) 4x + 2y + 8 = 0
3x + 4y = 16 6x = 2y 27
(c)
4 5 335
9 14 850
x y
x y
+
+
(d)
7 4 37
5 3 51
x y
x y

+
14
(e) 4x 3y = 5 (f) 4x + 2y + 11 = 0
6x + y =2 3x + 4y + 5 = 0
(g) 3x + 7y = 13 (h) 3x + 4y = 14
2x = 4 + 7y -2x + y= 9
[Answer: (a) x = 4/3, y = 3 (b) x = - 3.5, y = 3, (c) x = 40, y = 35, (e) x = , y = -1
(g) x = 3.4, y = 0.4 (h) x =-2, y=5]
2. Solve the following simultaneous equations:
(a)
2 1
3 2
3 5 11
8 6 2
2 x y
x y
+
+
(b)
2 1 13
3 4 12
2 3 11
2 3 6
x y
x y

+
+
+
(c)
3
4
3 2
2 4
4
1
y
x
y
x
+
+
(d)
( )
( )
3 4
4
4
3 2 3
2 0
5
x y
x y
x
+

(e)
1
2
1
2 1 1
2 1 3
x
y
x
y
+

+
+

+
[Ans.: (a) x = 12, y = - 12, (b) x = 3, y= 4, (c) x = - 6, y =8, (d) x = 3/2, y = -
(e) x = -3/5, y = -4/5]
3. Solve the following simultaneous equation:
(a) x + 4y = 3, (b) 3x 4y = 13,
3x 2y = -5 2x + 3y = 3.
(c) 5v + 2w = 36 (d) x 2y = 8,
8v 3w = -54 5x + 3y = 1
[Answer: (a) x = -1, y = 1, (b) x = 3, y= -1, (c) v = 0, w = 18, (d) x = 2, y = - 3]
4. Solve, for x and y, the equations:
(a)
7 3 41
3 17
x y
x y


(b)
4 3 18.5
4 7 35.5
x y
y x


[Answer: (a) x = 4, y = - 2 (b) x = 6.5, y = 2.5]
5. Solve for the unknowns in the following sets of equations:
(a)
7 5
4 3
2 3
3 0
4
y
x
x y + +

(b)
12( ) 11 14
18 5( 1) 0
x y y
x y
+
+ +
(c)
3 4 5
7 10
x y
x y

+
(d)
3
1 2 1
2 3 4
y
x x
+
+ +

15
(e)
2
7 3 2
x y y
x
+ +
(f)
8000
0.04 0.06 0.0525( )
x y
x y x y
+
+ +
(g)
0.5 0.3 1.65
0.7 0.2 0.14
x y
x y

+
(h)
4 2
4 3
3 2 2
3 4
x y x y
x y x y
+ +

(i)
2 1 3 1 2 3 2
4 8 9
y z y z y z + + + + + +
(j)
2 2
3 9(27)
log 7 log (11 2 ) 1
p q
q p

[Answer: (l) 6.5, 1.5]
6. Solve the simultaneous equations: y = 3x + 5; 2y + 3x = 28 for x and y.
[Answer: x = 2, y = 11]
7. Use the method of elimination to find the value of x and y that satisfy the
following simultaneous equations:
(a) x + y = 4 (b) 3x + 2y = 19 (c) 3x + 2y =7
3x y = 8 3x 3y = -6 x + y =3
(d) x + 3y = 7 (e) 7x 4y = 37
2x 2y = 6 6x + 3y =51
[Answer: (a) x = 3, y = 1, (b) x = 3, y = 5, (c) x = 1, y = 2, (d) x = 4, y = 1,
(e) x = 7, y = 3]
8. Solve the following simultaneous equation:
(a)
3 4
2
4 1
3
x y
x y
+

(b)
1 1
3 2
3
7
x y
x y
+
+
(c)
5 8
3 2
12
14
x y
x y

+
[Ans.: (a) x = 19/14, y = -19 (b) x = , y = 1 (c) x = , y = 1]
9. A bill for $74 was paid with $5 and $1 notes, a total of 50 notes being used. How
many $5 notes were there?
[Answer: 6]
10. A company manufactures two products X and Y by means of two processes A and
B. The maximum capacity of process A is 1750 hours and of process B 4000
hours. Each unit of product X requires 3 hours in A and 2 hours in B, while each
unit of product Y requires 1 hour in A and 4 in B. Use the algebraic method to
calculate how many units of products X and Y are produced if the maximum
capacity available is utilized. [Answer: 300 units of x and 85 units of y]
16
11. Two numbers are such that one third of the smaller number plus half the larger
number is 19. If the difference between the two numbers is 13, find the two
numbers. [Answer: x = 28, y = 15]
12. 500 tickets were sold for a concert, some at 40 each and the remainder at 25
each. The money received for the dearer tickets was $70.00 more than for the
cheaper tickets. Find the number of dearer tickets sold.
[Answer: 300]
13. 300 tickets were sold for a concert, some at $8 each and the remainder at $5 each.
The money received for the dearer tickets was $60 more than for the cheaper
tickets. Find the number of dearer tickets which were sold.
[Answer: 120]
14. 76 is divided into two parts, x and y respectively, so that of the first part is
equal to
3
5
of the second part. Find the two parts x and y.
[Answer: x = 36, y = 40]
15. A chemical manufacturer wishes to fill an order for 500 liters of a 25% acid
solution. (Twenty-five percent by volume is acid.) If solutions of 30% and 18%
are available in stock, how many liters of each must be mixed to fill the order?
[Answer: 291 liters of 30%, 208 liters of 18%]
16. A box contains 44 coins, made up of dimes (10c) and nickels (5c coins). If the
total value of the coins is $3.50, calculate the number of dimes in the box.
[Answer: 26]
17. A man went to a post office to buy some stamps. If he bought x, 50 cents stamps
and y, 25 cents stamps, the total cost would have been $3.50. If however he
bought twice as many 50 cent stamps and half as many 25 cents stamps, then the
total cost would have been $4.75. Find x and y.
[Answer: x = 4, y = 6]
18. An invoice clerk receives a bill for 37.50 for ten blank ledger books and three
special filing trays. On phoning the supplier (after discovering the order had been
written out incorrectly) the clerk agrees to return three of the ledger books in
return for the supplier sending an extra filing tray. Given that there will be an
extra 2.50 to pay and that there is a 10% discount for orders of 10 ledger books
or more:
(a) derive linear equations in x and y to represent the components of the
original and revised invoices, where x is the price of a single ledger book
and y is the price of a filing tray, and
(b) solve the two equation simultaneously for x and y.
[Answer: (a) 10(0.9)x + 3y = 37.5, 7x + 4y = 40, (b) x = 2, y = 6.5]
17
19. A furniture factory manufactures two type of coffee table, A and B. each table
goes through two distinct costing stages, assembly and finishing. The maximum
capacity for assembly is 195 hours and for finishing, 165 hours. Each A table
requires 4 hours assembly and 3 hours finishing, while a B table requires 1 hour
for assembly and 2 hours for finishing. Calculate the number of A and B tables to
be produced to ensure that the maximum capacity available is utilized.
[Answer: 45A and 15B tables]
20. A chemical manufacturer wishes to fill an order for 700 gallon of a 24% acid
solution. Solutions of 20% and 30% are in stock. How many gallons of each
solution must be mixed to fill the order?
[Answer: 420 (20%), 280 (30%)]
21. A manufacturer of dining-room sets produces two styles: early American and
contemporary. From past experience, management has determined that 20% more
of the early American styles can be sold than the contemporary styles. A profit of
$250 is made on each early American set sold, whereas a profit of $350 is made
on each contemporary set. If, in the forthcoming year, management desires a total
profit of $130.000, how many units of each style must be sold?
[Answer: 240(EA), 200]
22 When petrol cost 10 a litre and oil 25 a litre, a motorist found that his cost in
petrol and oil was $10.50 for each 1000km. When petrol was increased to 10 a
litre and oil to 26 a litre, the cost was $11.02. Find how many litres of petrol and
oil he used to travel 1000km.
[Answer: 100 litres of petrol; 2 litres of oil]
23. A sum of $2800 is invested, partly at 5% and partly at 4%. If the total income is
$128 per annum, find the amount invested at 5%. [Answer: $1600]
24. A supervisor and 7 workers together earn $520 per week, whilst 2 supervisors and
17 workers together earn $1220 per week. Find the weekly wage of a supervisor
and of a worker. [Answer: $100, $60]
25. In the year 300 B.C., the Mathematician Euclid gave the following problem to his
student: A mule and a donkey were going to a market laden with wheat. The
mule said: If you give me one measure, I should carry twice as much as you, but
if I give you one measure we shall have equal burden. Calculate the burden of
the mule and that of the donkey.
[Answer: 7; 5]
26. A bird laid a certain number of eggs in a nest, and a collector took away two-
thirds of them. The bird laid some more, and another collector took two-thirds of
them. If the bird laid 12 eggs altogether and collectors too 10 altogether, how
many eggs were there to begin with? [Answer: 9]
18
27. A sum of $3000 is invested, partly at 3% and partly at 4%. If the annual income
from the two investments $112, find how much is invested at 4%.
[Answer: $1400]
28. The charge for electricity is 3 per unit for lighting and per unit for heating. A
mans bill for a quarter should have been $8. By mistake, his lighting was charged
at per unit and his heating at 3 per unit. The amount of the bill was $13. How
many units of electricity did he use altogether?
[Answer: 600]
29. At a concert, tickets were 70 or 50 each. Three quarters of those who paid 70
bought programmes and half the 50 seat-holders bought programmes. The
receipts from the tickets were $580 and from the programme $60. If the
programmes cost 10 each, how many paid 70 for the concert?
[Answer: 400]
30. The cost $C of a journey on a certain railway is given by the formula: C = a + bx,
where x is the number of kilometers traveled and a and b are constants. A
journey of 50km costs $2, and a journey of 70km costs $2.50. Find the cost of a
journey of 90km.
[Answer: $3]
31. If I invest $2000 at x% and $2500 at y%, my annual income is $160. Had I
invested $2500 at x% and $2000 at y%, my income would have been $155. Find x
and y. [Answer: 3; 4]
32. I invest $x at 4% and $y at 5%. My annual income is $230. Had I invested $x at
5% and $y at 4%, my annual income would have been $220. Find x and y.
[Answer: 2000; 3000]
33. At a meeting of a cricket club to elect a captain, 75 members were present, and
the captain was elected by a majority of 13, all voting. How many voted for and
against? [Answer: 44 for; 31 against]
34. The daily wages of 10 men and 7 boys amount to $40.32; if a man earns in two
days as much as a boy earns in seven days, find what each earns per day.
[Answer: $3.36; $0.96]
35. If Ada were to give Ellis twelve dollars, Ada would have half the sum which Ellis
then has; but, if Ellis were to give Ada thirteen dollars, Ellis would have one-third
of what Ada has. How much money has each originally?
[Answer: $32; $28]
36. A number of two digits is such that the sum of its digits is 10. When the digits are
reversed, the number is increased by 36. Find the number. [Answer: 37]
19
37. A number of two digits is such that twice the ten digit is 6 greater than the unit
digit. When the digits are reversed, the number is increased by 9. What is the
number?
[Answer: 78]
38. A number with three digits has the hundred digit three times the unit digit and the
sum of the digits is 19. If the digits are written in reverse order, the value of the
number is decreased by 594. Find the number.
[Answer: 973]
39. Solve the simultaneous equations:
125
625
25
x
y
and (2)(4 ) 32
x y

[Answer: x = 2, y = 1]
40. Given that:
3
5
3125
25
x
y
and
( 1)
2 4 32
x y
,
find the value of x and of y.
[Answer: x = 2, y = 2.5]
41. If
2
5 25 1
x y
and
5
1
9
3 9
x y
,
calculate the value of x and of y.
[Answer:
4
9
x

,
1
9
y
]
2.3 Quadratic Equations
1. Sol ve t he quadr at i c equat i ons :
( a)
2
6 5 0 x x + ( b)
2
2 5 3 0 x x +
( c)
2
6 11 10 0 x x ( d)
2
2 8 0 x x +
( e)
2
2 3 x x + ( f )
2
2 4 1 0 x x
( g)
2
6 9 0 x x + ( h)
2
4 5 0 x x
( i )
2
3 12 7 0 x x + ( j )
2
2 10 x x
( k)
2
5 6 0 x x + ( l )
2
9 6 1 0 x x +
( m)
2
5 4 0 x x + + ( n)
2
25
2
30 18 x x
(o)
2
7 12 0 x x + (p)
2
2 5 2 0 x x +
( q)
2
3 2
9 0
x x
+ x 0 (r)
2
2 13 2 0 x x +
[ Ans wer : ( a) 1, 5 ( b) 3, 0. 5 ( c) - , 2 ( d) 4, 2 ( e) 3/ 2, - 1 ( f )
2. 22, - 0. 22 ( g) 3 t wi ce ( h) 5, - 1 ( i ) 3. 29, 0. 71 ( j ) - 2, 5/ 2 ( k) 2,
3 ( l ) t wi ce ( m) - 4, - 1 ( n) 6/ 5 ( o) 3, 4 ( p) 2, ( q) - , ( r )
6. 34, 0. 16]
20
2. Determine the solutions of the following equations rounded to 4 decimal places:
(a)
2
2 3 7 0 x x
(b)
2
3 5 7 0 x x
[Answer: (a) 2.7656, -1.2656 (b) 2.5734, -0.9067]
3. Solve the following equations to 2 decimal places:
(a)
2
6 4 0 x x + + (b)
2
5 3 0 x x + +
(c)
2
2 4 0 x x + (d)
2
3 2 0 x x +
(e)
2
2 2 0 x x (f)
2
3 1 0 x x
(g)
2
2 5 1 0 x x + + (h)
2
3 8 2 0 x x +
(i)
2
3 7 3 0 x x + (j)
2
2 9 5 0 x x + +
(k)
2
2 4( 1) x x x + + (l)
2
3 1 x x +
[Answer: (a) -5.24, -0.76 (b) -4.30, -0.70 (c) -3.24, 1.2 (d) -3.56, 0.56
(e) -0.73, 2.73 (f) -0.30, 3.30 (g) -2.28, -0.22 (h) 0.28, 2.39 (i) 0.57, 1.77
(j) -3.85, -0.65 (k) -0.85, 2.35 (l) -0.43, 0.77]
4. Solve the following equations:
(a)
2
3 10 0 x x (b)
2
7 18 0 x x
(c)
2
6 5 1 0 x x + (d)
2
3 13 10 0 x x
(e)
3 4
1
2
x x+
+
(f)
6 5
1 2 1
3
x x + +
+
(g)
3 4
2 1
x x
x x
+ +
+ +

(h)
1 4 2
1 3 6 3 x x + +
+
(i)
3 8
2 3
2
x x +
+
(j)
1 11
2 3
4
x x
x x
+ +
+
+
(k)
7 2 6
1 2 1
5
x x
x x
+ +
+ +
+
[Answer: ]
5. By using suitable substitutions, or otherwise, find the values of x (correct to two
decimal places where necessary) such that:
(a) ( ) 0 8 2 6 4 +
x x
(b) ( )
4 9 2 8 0
x x
+
(c)
2
12
x x
e e + (d)
1
64 8 16 0
x x+
+
(e)
2 2
3 3 8 0
x x+
+ (f)
2 2
4 4
x x
e e

+
(g) ( )
2 1
2 3 7 2
x x +

(h)
2
2(3 ) 6(3 ) 4 0
x x
+
(i)
2
7 9(7 ) 14 0
x x
+ (j)
2 1
3 4(3 ) 1 0
x x +
+
(k)
2
3
5 625
x x +

(l)
2 2
2 9(2 ) 2 0
x x +
+
[Answer: (g) 2.58 (h) 0, 0.63 (i) 1, 0.36 (j) 0, -1 (k) -4, 1 (l) -2, 1]
6. Solve the following equations for x:
(a)
3 3
log (4 ) log ( 1) 1 x x +
(e)
2 2
log log (6 1) 1 x x + +
(b)
2
log( 12 3) 1 2log( ) x x x + + (f)
2log log 4 log(9 2) x x +
(c)
1
2
log(2 ) 3log 2 log( 3) x x
(g)
2
log( 2 8) 2log x x x +
21
(d)
2log3 log 2 log(3 1) 0 x x +
(h)
4 4
log ( 3) log ( 3) 2 x x + + +
[Answer: (h) 1]
7. Find two positive integers that have sum 10 and product 21.
[Answer: 3, 7]
8. From each corner of a square piece of sheet metal, remove a square of side 9 cm.
Turn up the edges to form an open box. If the box is to hold 144 cm
3
, what should
be the dimensions of the piece of sheet metal? [Answer: 22 cm by 22cm]
9. When the square of a natural number is increased by 3 the result is 52. Determine
the number. [Answer: 7]
10. Jonathan bought x shirts at $(x 4) each. He spent $96 on shirts. Determine the
number of shirts bought. [Answer: 12]
11. Henry bought 2x pens at $(x 5) each. He sold half of them at $(x 3) each and
the other half at $4 each. If he made a profit of $24, determine the number of pens
he bought. . [Answer: 16]
12. The area of a rectangular floor is 72 m
2
. If the width is half the length, determine
the dimensions of the floor. [Answer: 12 m, 6 m]
13. The area of a rectangle is 96 cm
2
. If the length exceeds its width by 4 cm,
determine the dimensions of the rectangle. [Answer: 8 cm, 12 cm]
14. The total area of the walls of a rectangular room is 624 m
2
. If the room is 10 m
longer than its width and its height is 6 m less than its length, determine the
dimensions of the room. [Answer: 18m by 8m by 12m]
15. Two squares have a total area of 149 cm
2
. If the side of one square is 3 cm shorter
than the other, determine the dimensions of each square.
[Answer: 10cm by 10cm, 7cm by 7cm]
16. The positive square root of a number is less than the number by 6. Determine the
number. [Answer: 9]
17. If the product of two consecutive numbers is 42, find the numbers.
[Answer: 6, 7]
18. If the product of two consecutive even numbers is 80, find the numbers.
[Answer: 8, 10]
19. Two sisters are 9 and 5 years old. In how many years time will the product of
their ages be 221? [Answer: 8]
22
20. The sum of the squares of three consecutive numbers is 77. Form an equation for
x and, by solving it, find the three numbers. [Answer: 4, 5, 6 (or 6, - 5, - 4)]
21. Mrs. Jones is now five times as old as her son Tony. Four years ago, the product
of their ages was 52. Find their ages now. [Answer: 30 and 6 years]
22. If a reduction of $2 a dozen in the price of eggs will give 6 more for $42, find the
price per dozen. [Answer: $14]
23. A man bought x oxen for $120. Another bought 3 more for the same money. If the
difference was $2 per ox, what were the numbers bought? [Answer: 12, 15]
24. A bill of $80 was shared equally between x persons. If two were excused and this
made a difference of $2 to each, what was x? [Answer: 10]
25. A man spends $5 on bars of chocolate. Had they been 2 cheaper, he could have
bought 10 more. How many did he buy? [Answer: 40]
26. A candy company makes the popular rectangular-shaped Dandy Bar with 10 cm
long, 5 cm wide, and 2 cm thick. Because of increasing costs, the company has
decided to cut the volume of the bar by a drastic 28%. The thickness will be the
same, but the length and width will be reduced by equal amounts. What will be
the length and width of the new bar? [Answer: 9cm by 4cm]
27. Toni must spend $2.88 on vegetable oil per month. If the price of vegetable oil
increases by 6 per bottle, she buys 4 bottles less, but she spends $2.88 monthly
non-the-less. How many bottles does she consume at the original price?
[Answer 16]
28. The cost of hiring a minibus for a party of children to have a days outing is
$11.20. If two more children had been able to go, each child would have had to
pay 10 less. How many children are there in the party and how much would each
child pay? [Answer: 14, 80]
29. A man allowed $120 for his holiday. He afterwards calculated that if he had spent
$1 less a day, he could have extended his holiday by 4 days on the same money.
How long a holiday did he have? [Answer: 20 days]
30. When the price of sugar is raised by 10 per kg, the weight of sugar that can be
bought for $30 is decreased by 10kg. Find the original price of the sugar per kg.
[Answer: 50]
31. A farmer bought some pigs for $1800 at a cost of $x each. He also bought a herd
of cows for $4500 at a cost of $(2x 50) each. If he bought 30 animals altogether,
find the cost of each kind of animal. [Answer: $150, $250]
23
32. Oyo Transport Limited spends a total of $45 per month on petrol but since the
time its price rose by 2.5 per litre, the company consumed 10 litres less per
month for the same total distance. Find the present monthly consumption rate.
[Answer: 139.3 litres, 32.3]
33. When the price of a product is $p each, a manufacturer will supply 3p
2
- 4p units
of the product to the market and consumers will demand 24 p
2
units. Find the
value of p at market equilibrium.
[Answer: $3]
34. For security reasons, a company will enclose a rectangular area of 11,200 ft
2
in
the rear of its plant. One side will be bounded by the building and the other three
sides by fencing. If 300 ft of fencing will be used, what will be the dimensions of
the rectangular area?
[Answer: 80ft by 140ft]
24
3.0 NUMBER SYSTEMS
1. Convert the following denary numbers to binary numbers:
(a) 25 (b) 18 (c) 21 (d) 67
[Answer: (a) 11001; (b) 10010; (c) 10101; (d) 1000011]
2. Convert 645
ten
into a number in base six.
[Answer: 2553]
3. Convert: (i) 132
four
(ii) 100110
two
(iii) 11001
two
(iv) 10010
two
(v) 10101
two
to base ten.
[Answer: (i) 30; (ii) 38; (iii) 25; (iv) 18; (v) 21]
4. Find positive values for x if:
(a) 34
x
= 19
ten
(b) 45
x
= 29
ten
(c) 62
x
= 50
ten
, (d) 115
x
= 47
ten
(e) 110
x
= 1020
four
(f) 126
x
= 86
ten
(g) 142
x
= 47
ten
(h) 23
x
= 1111
two
(i) 132
five
= X
six
(j) 244
x
= 1022
four
[Answer: (a) 5; (b) 6; (c) 8; (d) 6; (e) 8; (f) 8; (g) 5; (h) 6; (i) 110; (j) 5]
5. Do the following addition if all numbers are in the binary system:
(a) 110110 + 1011101 + 11111
(b) 11101 + 10111 + 111001
(c) 110101 + 1101 + 101111
[Answer: (a) 10110010; (b) 1101101; (c) 1110001]
6. Evaluate:
(a) 1011 + 1101 110, where all the numbers are in the binary system;
(b) 10 + 13 + 17 + 21, where all the numbers are in the octal scale;
giving your answer in the same system.
[Answer: (a) 10010; (b) 63]
7. Find the number bases x and y from the following simultaneous equations:
(a)
42 24 10
24 25 33
x y ten
x y ten

+
(b)
33 11 26
44 22 18
x y ten
x y ten
+

(c)
25 23 6
34 32 36
x y ten
x y ten

+
[Answer: (a) x = 6, y = 6; (b) x = 6, y = 4; (c) x = 6, y = 4]
8. Add 25103
six
and 55504
six
together. [Answer: 125011
six
]
25
9. Find the value of:
(a) 1101
two
101111
two
+ 110101
two
(b) 1011101
two
+ 11111
two
110110
two
(c) [{(1101
two
101
two
) (101
two
11
two
)} 11
two
]
[Answer: (a) 10011
two
; (b) 1000110
two
; (c) 11
two
]
10. Calculate the value of x if:
(a) 52
x
24
x
= 25
x
;
(b) 61
x
43
x
= 16
x
[Answer: (a) 7; (b) 8]
11. Solve the following equations, if all the numbers are in binary:
(a)
2
11 10 0 x x + (b)
2
100 11 0 x x +
(c)
2
101 110 0 x x + (d)
11
101 1000
x
x

+
[Answer: (a) x = 2 or 1; (b) x = 11 or 1; (c) x = 11 or 10; (d) x = 11]
12. Find the range of values of x for which:
(a) 12 3 3 x , where all numbers are in base 4;
(b)
2( 4) 3(3 2) x x +
, where all numbers are in base 8
[Answer: (a)
3
four
x
; (b)
2
eight
x
]
13. State the value of m:
(a) If
11(111 101 )
100 10110
10
m
m
+
+ in base 2;
(b) If
615
23
m
in base seven
[Answer: (a) m = 1; (b) m = 24
seven
]
14. Simplify: 212
three
+ 110111
two
and express your answer in base eight.
[Answer: 116
eight
]
15. (a) If all the numbers are in base three, solve the equation:
121x + 11 = 1100
(b) Solve for x: 111x + 1011 = 101110 if all numbers are in binary
scale. [Answer: (a) 2
three
; (b) 101
two
]
16. Multiply:
(i) 101
two
by 11
two
(ii) 1011
two
by 111
two
(iii) 256
eight
by 63
eight
(iv) 152
six
by 103
six
(v) 43
five
by 32
five
(vi) 152
six
by 412
six
(vii) 384
nine
by 615
nine
(viii) 246
seven
by 315
seven
[Answer: (i) 1111
two
; (ii) 1001101
two
; (iii) 21252
eight
; (iv) 20140
six
; (v) 3031
five
; (vi)
115504
six
; (vii) 262712
nine
; (viii) 115122
seven
]
26
17. Divide:
(i) 1010
two
by 101
two
(ii) 11011101
two
by 1101
two
(iii) 4611
seven
by 24
seven
(iv) 22021
four
by 23
four
(v) 313123
five
by 324
five
(vi) 33166
nine
by 384
nine
[Answer: (i) 10
two
; (ii) 10001
two
; (iii) 162
seven
; (iv) 323
four
; (v) 432
five
; (vi) 76
nine
]
18. A man said that he had 15
eight
children. A computer which works on a binary
system interpreted this information. What is the interpretation?
[Answer: 1101]
19. In Quinto land, where all numbers are in base five and all calculations are
performed in that base, Dr. Cooley died leaving a sum of $131400 for his wife, 2
daughters and 13 sons. The wifes share was $4300, each daughter received
$3200 and the rest was shared equally among the sons. How much did each son
receive?
[Answer: $3400]
20. In Eleme land, where all numbers are in base five and all calculations are
performed in that base, Dr. Nwafor-Ewee died leaving a sum of $210130 for his
wife, 3 daughters and 14 sons. The wifes share was $4430, each daughter
received $3410 and the rest was shared equally among the sons. How much did
each son receive?
[Answer: $4130]
21. In a country where all numbers are in base six and all calculations are performed
in that base, Dr. Allotments died leaving a sum of $40105 for his wife, 2
daughters and 12 sons. The wifes share was $2355, each daughter received
$1545 and the rest was shared equally among the sons. How much did each son
receive?
[Answer: $2111]
22. In a certain country, where the number system is base 5, the price of soap is
increased by 40%. Later the new price is decreased by 40%. What percent of the
original price is the final price?
[Answer: 341
five
%]
23. The currency in Kalabari Kingdom is called Igbiki. The numeration system is in
base eight. If 56 shirts cost 16 Igbiki each and they were sold for a total gain of
134 Igbiki, for how much was each shirt sold?
[Answer: 20
eight
Igbiki]
24. The currency in a certain country is called Wados. The numeration in the country
is in base six. If 35 shirts cost 11 Wados each and they were sold for a total gain
of 114 Wados, for how much was each shirt sold?
[Answer: 13
six
Wados]
27
25. In Saraveca, South America, the quinary scale is used. The weights of four
Saravecans are: 22, 24, 32, and x units respectively. If their average weight in the
quinary scale is 32, calculate the value of x.
[Answer: 100]
26. Convert:
(a) 17
ten
(b) 2376
eight
to binary
[Answer: (a) 10001, (b) 10011111110
27. Solve the simultaneous equations if all numbers are binary:
10 11 10001
101 110 10
x y two
x y two
+

[Answer: x = 100, y = 11]
28. A number is written as 52
x
. Four times the number is written as 301
x
. What is x?
[Answer: 7]
28
4.0 SERIES & PROGRESSIONS
4.1 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
1. Find the 8
th
and 17
th
of the series 12, 15, 18, 21.
[Answer: 33, 60]
2. Which term of the series 40, -38, -36, is equal to 4?
[Answer: 23
rd
]
3. The 3
rd
term of an A.P. is 8 and 16
th
is 57. Find
(a) the 10
th
term,
(b) the sum of the first 14 terms.
[Answer: (a) 27 (b) 203]
4. How many terms in the series 5.6, 4.1, 2.6, must be taken so that their
sum is 3.6?
[Answer: 9]
5. In boring a well 300 m deep, the cost of boring the first meter is $200,000 whilst
each subsequent metre costs $250. What is the cost of boring the entire well?
[Answer: $274750]
6. Find the number of terms and the sum of the following finite arithmetic
progressions:
(a) 5.5, 6.25, , 13.75 (c) 4/3, 2,,
34
3
(b) 14.2, 12.9, , -14.4 (d) 17, 16,., -18
(e) 11, 18, 25, , 109
[Answer: (a) 12, 115.5; (b) 23, -2.3; (c) 14, 29.6; (d) 57, -28.5; (e)15, 900]
7. Find the sum of the indicated number of terms of the following arithmetic
progressions:
(a) 5, 8, 11, 20 terms (c) 11, 17, 23, 17 terms
(b) 15, 9, 3, 10 terms (d) 18, 14, 10, 8 terms
(e) 6, 14, 22, 15 terms
[Answer: (a) 670; (b) 120; (c) 1003; (d) 32; (e) 930]
8. Show that the sum of the odd number from 1 to 125 inclusive is equal to the sum
of the odd number from 169 to 209 inclusive.
[Answer: 3969]
9. How many terms of the A.P. 1 + 3 + 5 are needed to give a sum greater than
500?
[Answer: 23]
29
10. An arithmetic progression contains 20 terms. Given that the 8
th
term is 25, and
that the sum of the last 8 terms is 404, calculate the sum of the first 8 terms.
[Answer: 116]
11. The number of terms in an arithmetic progression is 40 and the last term is 54.
Given that the sum of the first 15 terms added to the sum of the first 30 terms is
zero, calculate:
(a) the first term and the common difference.
(b) the sum of the progression.
[Answer: (a) a=24, d=-2; (b) -600]
12. An arithmetic progression is such that the sum of the first 10 terms is 3 times the
sum of the first 5 terms. Find the ratio of the 10
th
term to the 5
th
term. Given
further that the 5
th
term is 0.14, calculate the sum of the first 200 terms.
[Answer: ( )
2 9 1
3 2
a d
a d
+
+
or
12
/
7
, 410]
13. In a new production process, the number of units produced during the first week
is 450. If the efficiency gradually increases so that ten additional units can be
produced each week, find:
(a) how many will be produced in the tenth week;
(b) the expected total production after ten weeks.
[Answer: (a) 540 units, (b) 4950 units]
14. Justin Time Ltd has won a contract to supply 109,200 units of a product to a
customer. The customer wants final delivery within 12 weeks. The production
planning department of Justin Time Ltd has estimated that production in the first
week will be 8,000 units, but that by recruiting and training some extra staff,
output will rise by 200 units each week.
(a) Will Justin Time Ltd be able to complete the contract by the time required
by the customer?
(b) If the recruitment of staff does not go as well as expected so that after six
weeks, weekly production remains constant at the level achieved in the
sixth week, how long would it take to complete the contract?
[Answer: (a) 12 weeks, (b) 12.47 weeks]
15. Pete intends to increase the distance he runs each week by two miles. If he now
runs 15 miles per week, in how many weeks will he be running 63 miles per
weeks?
[Answer: 25 weeks]
16. Mary starts a diet that will cause her to lose 1 lb per week. If she now weighs
168 lb, how many weeks will it take her to meet her goal of 135 lb?
[Answer: 23 weeks]
30
17. Joanna and Phil are hired by the Ray Taco Diner. Joanna is hired with the
understanding she will get $220 per week with an increase of $5 per week every
week. Phils salary will be $220 per week with a raise of $20 per week at the end
of every four weeks. After 12 weeks who has earned more money? How much
more? [Answer: Joanna, $90]
18. Ms. Bond and Mr. Stox are hired by a brokerage firm. Both start at $300 per
week. Ms. Bond is to receive a weekly raise of $10. Mr. Stox weekly salary will
be increased by $40 at the end of every four weeks. After 52 weeks, whose total
income is the larger? How much larger?
[Answer: Ms. Bond, $10,140]
19. Willy is stacking blocks. How many blocks are there in his stack if there are 18
blocks in the bottom row, 17 in the second row, 16 in the third row, and so on,
until there is 1 block in the top row?
[Answer: 171 blocks]
20. At a club meeting with 300 people present, everyone shook hands with every
other person exactly once. How many handshakes were there? Hint: Person A
shook hands with how many people, person B shook hands with how many
people not already counted, and so on.
[Answer: 44,850]
21. Mary learned 20 new French words on January 1, 24 new French words on
January 2, 28 new French words on January 3, and so on, through January 31. By
how much did she increase her French vocabulary during January?
[Answer: 2480]
22. A pile of logs has 70 logs in the bottom layer, 69 logs in the second layer, and so
on to the top layer with 10 logs. How many logs are in the pile?
[Answer: 2440]
23. If Ronnie is paid $10 on January 1, $20 on January 2, $30 on January 3 and so on,
how much does he earn during January?
[Answer: $4960]
24. A contractor employs 150 men on a certain Monday and added 12 men to his staff
every successive working day. He continued to do so for 8 weeks, Saturday
counting as a full working day and no work being done on Sundays.
(a) How many employees had he at the end of the 8
th
week?
(b) If the wages of each man were $3 per day, what was the total wage bill for
the 8 weeks?
[Answer: (a) 714; (b) $62,208]
31
25. A contractor undertakes to bore a well at $1 for the first 5 m, $1.25 for the next
5m, $1.50 for the next 5 m, and so on.
(i) What is the cost of sinking a well 200m deep?
(ii) What is the depth of a well which cost $100 to bore?
[Answer: (i) $235; (ii) 125m]
26. On the ground are placed 20 stones in line at intervals of 5m. How far will a
person travel who, starting from the position of the first stone, brings them one by
one to a basket placed at the first stone?
[Answer: 1900 m]
27. An arithmetic progression is such that the sum of the first 8 terms is 156, and the
sum of the first 10 terms is 215. Find the fifth term.
[Answer: 20.5]
28. A 62 m length of rope is cut into pieces whose lengths are in arithmetic
progression with a common difference of d m. Given that the lengths of the
shortest and longest pieces are 0.5 m and 3.5 m respectively, find the number of
pieces and the value of d.
[Answer: 31, 0.1]
29. A man saves $60 of his salary in a certain year and in each succeeding year saves
$20 more than the previous year. How much does he save in 20 years?
[Answer: $5000]
30. A lorry delivers gravel from a base on a road to dumps on the road which are 20
yards apart. The first dump is 40 yards from the base and the second 60 yards
from base. The lorry starts from the base, delivers the load to the first dump,
returns to base, delivers the second load to the second dump and so on. Find how
far the lorry has traveled when it has just returned to base after delivering the 20
th
load.
[Answer: 9200 yards]
31. A salesgirl is able to save $50 of her salary in a certain year and afterwards saves
in any one year $20 more than she saved in the preceding year. How long does it
take her to save $4370?
[Answer: 19years]
32. Find the:
(a) 10
th
term of: 3 + 11 +
(b) 23
rd
term of the A. P.: -7, -3, +1,
(c) the number of terms in the following A.P.:
2 + 4 + 6 + + 46
(d) value of n given that 77 is the nth terms of the A.P.:
3, 7, 10,
[Answer: (a) 75; (b) 81; (c) 23; (d) 22]
32
33. Find the sum of the 12 terms of:
(a) 4 + 10 + 16 +
(b) 7 + 11 + 15 +
[Answer: (a) 444; (b) 348]
34. (a) Find the sum of: 1 + 3 + 5 + .. + 101
(b) How many terms of the series: 15 + 13 + 11 + make 55?
[(Answer: (a) 2601; (b) 5 or 11]
35. In an A.P. the sum of the first 8
th
terms is 164 and the sum of the next 6 terms is
333. Find the first term, the common difference and hence the A.P.
[Answer: 3; 5; A.P = 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, ]
36. A clerk starting with a salary of $100, has a salary of $105 in his second year,
$110 in his third year, $115 in his fourth year, and so on. Find his salary in his
twenty-first year of service.
[Answer: $200]
37. A workman is to be paid $1.20 for his 1
st
days work, $1.30 for his 2
nd
day, $1.40
for his 3
rd
day, and so on. Find how much more he earns in the 2
nd
week than in
the 1
st
, if he works 6 days in the week.
[Answer: $3.60]
38. Prove that log x, log (xy), log (xy
2
), , is an arithmetic progression and show,
without using tables, that when x = 160 and y = , the sum of the first nine terms
of the progression is 9.
39. The 5
th
term of an A.P. is -5, and the 11
th
term is -23, find the 30
th
term and the
sum of 30 terms.
[Answer: -80, -1095]
40. (a) The 4
th
term of an A.P. is 18 and the 7
th
term is 30. Final the 10
th
term and
the sum of 20 terms.
(b) Find the value of n given that -49 is the nth term of the A.P: 11, 8, 5
[Answer: (a) 42, 880; (b) 21]
41. (a) If -5, p, q, 16 are in A.P., find p and q
(b) Find the sum of 18 terms of the series: 2 + 3 + 5 +
[Answer: (a) 2, 9; (b) 236]
42. The sum of the first eight terms of an arithmetic progression is 60 and the sum
of the next six terms (from the ninth to the fourteenth) is 108. Find the first term
and the common difference. [Answer: 2. 1]
33
43. A man receives $60 the 1
st
week and $3 more each week than the preceding. What
does he get in 20 weeks? [Answer: $1770]
44. The 2
nd
term of an A.P. is 15 and the 5
th
term is 21. Find the common difference,
the first term and the sum of the first ten terms.
[Answer: 2; 13; 220]
45. A straight path is made by laying paving slabs end to end. The slabs are laid in
order of size and their lengths are in A.P. Given that the shortest slabs is 0.79
meters long, that the longest slab is 1.24 meters long and that the difference in the
lengths of adjoining slabs is 0.025 meters, calculate:
(i) the number of slabs used;
(ii) the length of the path.
The costs of the slabs are also in A. P. and vary from $2.16 for the smallest to
$3.24 for the largest. Find the total cost of the slabs in the path.
[Answer: (i) 19; (ii) 19.284 meters; total cost = $51.30]
46. A longdistance runner runs the first kilometer of a race in 3 minutes 45 seconds
but finds that his speed drops steadily so that each kilometer takes him 12 seconds
more than the preceding one. Find:
(i) his time for the 10
th
kilometer;
(ii) the time taken to cover the first 12 kilometers.
[Answer: (i) 5.55 minutes or 5 minutes 33 seconds; (ii) 58.2 minutes]
47. Find the acute angle for which, sin, 2cos and 2sin respectively, are the first
three terms of an A.P.;
Find the sum of the first 20 terms of this progression.
[Answer: 53.1
0
; 92]
48. An A.P. is such that the fifth term is 22 and the sum of the first eight terms is 166.
Find the first term.
[Answer: 12]
49. The number of terms in an arithmetic progression is 40 and the last term is 45.
Given that the sum of the first 15 terms added to the sum of the first 30 terms is
zero, calculate the first term and the common difference.
[Answer: a = 20, d = 5/3]
50. An arithmetic progression is such that the 10
th
term is 40 and the sum of the first
ten terms is 265. Find the sum of the first 20 terms.
[Answer: 830]
34
51. The sixth term of an Arithmetic Progression is twice the third term. If the first
term is 3, find the common difference and the tenth term.
[Answer: 3, 30]
52. Find the sum of the even numbers, divisible by 3, lying between 400 and 500.
[Answer: 7650]
4.2 GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
1. Find the seventh term of the series 2, 6, 18,
[Answer: 1458]
2. Write the first four terms of the geometric progression, and find the indicated
term:
(i) a = 60, r = .1. Find 8
th
term (iii) a = 30, r = . Find 7
th
term.
(ii) a = 1, r = 3. Find 6
th
term (iv) a = 4, r = . Find 7
th
term.
[Answer: (i) 60, 6, 0.6, 0.06; 0.000006 (ii) 1, 3, 9, 27; 243
(iii) 30, 10, 10/3, 10/9; 10/243 (iv) 4, 2, 1, ; 1/16]
3. Find the number of terms and the sum of the following finite geometric progressions.
(a) 1/6, , 42 (c) 6, 12,..,1536
(b) 80, 20, , 5/64 (d) 1/9, , , 243
[Answer: (a) 9 terms, 511/6 (b) 6 terms, 6825/64
(c) 9, 3066 (d) 8, 3280/9]
4. Find the sum of the indicated number of terms of the following geometric
progressions:
(a) 10, 20, 40, ... 11 terms (b) 2, -6, 18, ... 6 terms
[Answer: (a) 20470 (b) 364]
5. Find the sum
(i) of the even numbers from 50 to 100 inclusive,
(ii) of the first ten terms of the geometric series which has a first term of 8 and
a common ratio of 1-5,
(iii) to infinity of the geometric series whose second term is and third term is

[Answer: (i) 1950 (ii) 907 (iii) 2.25]

6. An arithmetic progression has a first term of 8 and a common difference of d.
Given that the 1
st
, 5
th
, and 21
st
terms of this progression are three successive terms
of a geometric progression, find the value of d.
[Answer: 6]
35
7. The sum of an infinite geometric progression is 500. Given that the common ratio
is 0.8, calculate
(i) the first term
(ii) the twentieth term.
[Answer: (i) 100 (ii) 100(0.8)
19
or 1.44]
8. The fourth term of a geometric progression is 6 and the seventh term is 48.
Calculate
(i) the common ratio
(ii) the first term
(iii) the sum of the first eleven terms.
[Answer: (i) 2 (ii) , (iii) 512.25]
9. The first term of a geometric progression is a, and the common ratio is r. Given
that a = 12r and that the sum to infinity is 4 calculate the third term.
[Answer: 3/16]
10. The second and fourth terms of a geometric progression are 20 and 12.8
respectively. Given that all terms are positive find
(i) the sum, to the nearest whole number, of the first 8 terms,
(ii) the sum to infinity.
[Answer: (i) 104 (ii) 125]
11. What is the sum to infinity of a geometric progression whose first term is 36, and
in which the value of each successive term is:
(a) one tenth of the previous term?
(b) one quarter of the previous term?
[Answer: (a) 40 (b) 48]
12. A man deposits 150 annually to accumulate at 5 per cent compound interest.
How much money will he have to his credit immediately after making the tenth
deposit?
[Answer: 1886.68]
13. A mans salary in 1980 was $500 per annum and it increased by 10% each year.
Find how much he earned in the year 1980 to 1989 inclusive.
[Answer: $7968.71]
14. The first and fourth terms of a geometric progression are 500 and 32 respectively.
Find:
(i) the values of the second and third terms,
(ii) the sum to infinity of the progression.
[Answer: (i) 200, 80 (ii) 833]
36
15. In the first week of production 1000 articles are made. If the rise in weekly
production is 5% per week, how many weeks are necessary to produce a total of
15000 articles?
[Answer: 11.47 weeks]
16. A man pays a premium of 30 per annum for 18 years. How much should he
receive as a lump sum just after paying the 18
th
premium reckoning compound
interest at 5 percent per annum?
[Answer: 843.97]
17. Find the 8
th
term of the series: 1, 1.1, 1.21,
[Answer: 1.949]
18. Find the 8
th
term of the series which is a G.P. having a 2
nd
term of 3 and a 5
th
term of 81.
[Answer: -2187]
19. Find the sum of the series 60, 30, 15, (a) to 6 terms (b) to infinity.
[Answer: (a) 118.1 (b) 120]
20. The sum of the first 6 terms of a G.P. series is 189 and the common ratio is 2.
Find the series.
[Answer: 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96]
21. A firm starts work with 110 employees for the 1
st
week. The number of
employees rises by 6% per week.
(a) How many weeks will it take for 250 persons to be employed?
(b) How many persons will be employed in the 20
th
week if the present rate of
expansion continues?
[Answer: (a) 15.1 (b) 333]
22. Car production in the first week of a new model was 150. If it continues with a
fall per week of 2%,
(a) find the total output in 52 weeks from the commencement of production in
the new model.
(b) find how many cars will be produced in the next 52 weeks.
[Answer: (a) 4877 (b) 1706]
23. A contractor hires out machinery. In the first year of hiring out one piece of
equipment the profit is 6000, but this diminishes by 5% on successive years.
Show that the annual profits form a G.P. and find the total of all profits for:
(a) the first 6 years,
(b) all possible future years.
[Answer: (a) 31,789 (b) 120,000]
37
24. A man saves 100 each year, and invests it at the end of the year at 4 per cent
compound interest. How much will the combined savings and interest amount to
at the end of 15 years?
[Answer: 1997]
25. Sam Slicks brother Joe triples his bets to cover losses. How much will Joe need
to bet to cover eight straight losses if his initial bet was $10?
[Answer: $21,870]
26. A certain casino sets its slot machines so the average gambler loses 20% of his
investment per hour. If a gambler starts out with $100, how much would he have
left after five hours? [Answer: $32.77]
27. A sales manager has reported that sales in the next year will amount to 5,000 units
of product. He also estimates that sales will then increase in volume by 40% a
year until year 6. What sales volume would be expected in year 6?
[Answer: 26,891 units]
28. A certain culture of bacteria doubles every week. If there are 100 bacteria now,
how many will there be after 10 full weeks?
[Answer: 102,400]
29. A water lily grows so rapidly that each day it covers twice the area it covers the
day before. At the end of 20 days, it completely covers a pond. If we start with
two lilies, how long will it take to cover the same pond?
[Answer: 2,097,150]
30. Johnny is paid $1 on January 1, $2 on January 2, $4 on January 3, and so on.
Approximately how much will he earn during January?
[Answer: Over $2 billion]
31. If you were offered 1 today, 2 tomorrow, 4 the third day, and so on for 20
days or a lump sum of $10,000, which one would you choose? Show why?
[Answer: 1 today, 2 tomorrow because for 20 days it will yield $10,485.7
which is more than $10,000]
32. Suppose Karen puts $100 in the bank today and $100 at the beginning of each of
the following 9 years. If this money earns interest at 8 percent compounded
annually, what will it be worth at the end of 10 years.
[Answer: $1564.55]
33. Jose makes 40 deposits of $25 each in a bank at intervals of three months, making
the first deposit today. If money earns interest at 8 percent compounded quarterly,
what will it all be worth at the end of 10 years?
[Answer: $1510.05]
38
34. From a sufficiently long piece of string, ten portions are cut off successively, their
lengths forming a geometrical progression. The first and second portions are
respectively 10 m and 9 m in length. What is the total length cut off to the
nearest metre? If the process is continued as long as the portion cut is not less than
m how many portions are obtained?
[Answer: 80m, 67 portions]
35. 500 is invested at 5 per cent. Compound interest. After how many years will the
amount first exceed 750?
[Answer: 9 years]
36. If 1, 2 and 21 are added to the first, second and third terms respectively, of an
arithmetic progression with a difference d = 5, a geometric progression is
obtained. Find the arithmetic progression and the common ratio of the geometric
progression.
[Answer: AP = 1, 6, 11, 16; GP = 2, 8, 32, r = 4]
37. A man put $10 in the bank for his son on each of his birthdays from the first to the
Twentieth inclusive. If the money accumulates at 3% compound interest, what is
the total value on the sons twenty-first birthday?
[Answer: $276]
38. A firms labour forces are growing at the rate of 2% per annum. The firm now
employs 500 people. How many may it be expected to employ in five years
time?
[(Answer: 552]
39. The first term of a GP is a, and the common ratio, r, is positive. Given that the
sum of the second and third terms is
10
9
a
, calculate the value of r.
Given also that the sum of the first four terms is 65, calculate the value of a and
hence, calculate the sum to infinity of the GP.
[Answer: , 27, 81]
40. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are in GP and the longest side has a length of
36cm. Given that the perimeter is 76cm, find the length of the shortest side.
[Answer: 16]
41. The first three terms, all positive, of a certain GP are (x 4), x, (5x 12). Find:
(i) the value of x;
(ii) the value of the fourth term.
[Answer: (i) 6 (ii) 54]
39
42. If the production of a factory was 5000 tons of fertilizer in 1990 and it has
increased by 10% per annum each year since then, find the total output for the
years 1990 to 1999 inclusive.
[Answer: 79687.12]
43. A precious metal is extracted from the mineral ore obtained from a particular
mine. During the first year of operation, the ore obtained yields 8000kg of metal.
With the increasing difficulty of mining, the production of metal in each
subsequent year shows a decrease of 10% on the previous years production.
Assuming that mining continues in the same way for an indefinite period of time,
calculate M, the maximum amount of metal which could possibly be extracted.
For economic reasons, mining is abandoned once the annual output of metal falls
below 1000kg. Calculate:
(i) the number of years the mine is in operation;
(ii) the total production of metal during this time;
(iii) the percentage of M which was not extracted.
[Answer: 80,000kg (i) 20 years (ii) 70,274kg (iii) 12.2%]
40
5.0 SETS THEORY
1. Given that:
( ) 20 n A
,
( ) 30 n B
and
( ) 45 n A B
, calculate:
( ) n A B
.
[Answer: 5]
2. The Universal set { } 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9
U
{ }
{ }
{ }
0,1, 2, 7, 9
3, 4, 5
2
A
B
C

(i) Draw a Venn Diagram to represent the above information.

(ii) List, using set notation, the members of the set A B I .
[Answer: (ii) {6, 8}]
3. If { } 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
U
{ }
{ }
2, 4, 6, 8
2, 3, 5
A
B

find: (i) A B (ii) A B (iii) A

C
(iv) B
C
,
where U is the universal set, A and B are subsets of U, and A
C
and B
C
are the
complements of sets A and B respectively.
Hence, or otherwise, show that: ( )
C C C
A B A B .
[Answer: (i) {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8} (ii) {2} (iii) {1, 3, 5, 7} (iv) {1, 4, 6, 7, 8}]
4. Prove the identity:
( ) ( ) ( ) A B C A B A C
5. Prove that if A, B, C are sets in a universal set U, then:
( ) ( ) ( ) C A C B C A B
6. Let A and B be any two sets in a universal set U. Explain in words the meaning
of each of the following:
(i) A B B (ii) A B A (iii) A B
(iv) B A A (v) B A B (vi) B A
7. Prove that, if A, B and C are sets, then:
(i)
( ) ( ) ( ) A C B C A B C
(ii)
( ) ( ) ( ) A B C A B A C
(iii) ( )
C
A B A
8. A survey of 150 householders, all of whom kept a cat or a dog or both, showed
that 85 kept cats and 70 kept dogs. How many kept both? [Answer: 5]
41
9. In a school of 150 students, 85 take English and 115 take Mathematics. If each
student takes at least one of these subjects, how many take both?
[Answer: 50]
10. A newsagent sells three papers: Free Press, TC Weekly News and TC Sun, to 135
customers. Of these,
70 buy Free Press,
60 buy TC Weekly News,
50 buy TC Sun
17 buy Free Press and TC Weekly News,
15 buy TC Weekly News and TC Sun, and
16 buy TC Sun and Free Press.
If each customer buys at least one of the papers:
(i) Find the number of customers who buy all three papers;
(ii) Express these facts in a Venn diagram, showing clearly the number of
customers in each separate region.
[Answer: 3]
11. Of 60 martial arts experts, 26 are karatekas, 23 are judokas and 16 are neither
karatekas nor judokas. Estimate the number of martial arts experts who are:
(i) both karatekas and judokas
(ii) only karatekas
(iii) only judokas. [Answer: (i) 5 (ii) 21 (iii) 18]
12. In a survey of 100 college students, 35 were registered in College Algebra, 52
were registered in Computer Science I, and 18 were registered in both courses.
(i) How many students were registered in College Algebra or Computer
Science I?
(ii) How many were registered in neither course?
[Answer: (i) 69 (ii) 31]
13. In a certain country, there are three TV channels: TBN, BET and HBO. Fifty
people were asked which channels they watched the previous evening. The results
were as shown below:
24 watched TBN,
11 watched BET,
27 watched HBO,
7 watched both TBN and BET,
3 watched both BET and HBO,
10 watched both HBO and TBN,
2 watched all three.
(a) Show the information in a Venn diagram;
(b) How many watched:
(i) no TV? (ii) only BET?
[Answer: (b) (i) 6 (ii) 3]
42
14. 50 members of a certain club were asked which of the games: table tennis,
draughts and chess they had played one evening.
29 had played table tennis,
26 had played draughts,
9 had played chess,
Everyone who played chess had also played draughts,
No-one had played both table tennis and chess,
7 had played none of the three games.
Using a Venn diagram, find how many had played:
(a) only table tennis,
(b) only draughts. [Answer: (a) 17 (b) 5]
15. In a survey of 100 investors in the stock market,
50 owned shares in IBM
40 owned shares in AT&T
45 owned shares in GE
20 owned shares in both IBM and GE
15 owned shares in both AT&T and GE
20 owned shares in both IBM and AT&T
5 owned shares in all three.
(i) How many owned just IBM shares?
(ii) How many owned just GE shares?
(iii) How many of the investors surveyed did not have shares in any of the
three companies?
(iv) How many owned neither IBM nor GE?
(v) How many owned either IBM or AT&T but no GE?
[Answer: (i) 15 (ii) 15 (iii) 15 (iv) 25 (v) 40]
16. Out of three courses: Medicine, Engineering or Accountancy, 120 people were
invited to state the one in which they were interested.
60 were interested in Medicine,
86 were interested in Engineering,
64 were interested in Studying Accountancy;
32 were interested in Medicine and Engineering;
38 were interested in Medicine and Accountancy; while
34 were interested in Engineering and Accountancy.
How many were interested in all three courses?
[Answer: 14]
17. Show, by using Venn Diagrams, that for finite sets A, B and C,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) n A B C n A n B n C n A B n A C n B C n A B C + + +
18. Every man in a certain club owns either a Mercedes or an Opel.
43
23 own Mercedes,
14 own Opels, and
5 own both.
How many men are there in the club?
[Answer: 32]
19. Of 150 people questioned, 66 ate Rice, 57 ate Eba, and 58 ate Yam. If 13 ate Rice
and Eba, and 10 ate Rice and Yam, and 11 ate Eba and Yam, how many ate all
three?
[Answer: 3]
20. Of pupils surveyed at the end of a term, 118 had applied for Florida Metropolitan
University (FMU), 98 for University of Miami (UM), and 94 for Florida
International University(FIU). 42 had applied for FMU and UM, 24 for FIU and
UM and 34 for FIU and FMU, while 8 had applied for all three. How many pupils
took part in the survey?
[Answer: 218]
21. In a survey at an airport, 55 travelers said that last year they had been to Spain, 53
to France and 79 to Germany. 18 had been to Spain and France, 17 to Spain and
Germany, and 25 to France and Germany, while 10 had been to all three
countries. How many travelers took part in the survey?
[Answer: 137]
22. Out of 136 companies in Providenciales, 67 manufacture Electrical appliances, 40
produce Domestic plants, and 56 produce Beverages. 11 manufacture both
Electrical appliances and Domestic plants, and 12 produce Domestic plants and
Beverages, while 9 manufacture Beverages and Electrical appliances. How many
manufacture all the three products?
[Answer: 5]
23. In a certain examination, 72 candidates offered Mathematics, 64 English and 62
French. 18 offered both Mathematics and English, 24 Mathematics and French,
and 20 English and French. 8 candidates offered all three subjects. How many
candidates were there for the examination?
[Answer: 144]
24. In a certain school, there are 87 boys of a particular year. Of these, 43 play
hockey, 42 play football and 47 play tennis; 15 play tennis and hockey, 17 tennis
and football, and 21 hockey and football. If each boy plays at least one game, find
the number of boys who play all three and express these facts in a Venn diagram,
showing clearly the number of boys in each separate region.
[Answer: 8]
44
25. Of 60 girls readers of three magazines, 27 read WOMAN, 35 read JOY, and 30
read BEAUTY. 8 girls read all the three magazines. It was found that equal
numbers read WOMAN and JOY, and WOMAN and BEAUTY. If four more
girls than those who read WOMAN and JOY read JOY and BEAUTY, how many
read WOMAN only? [Answer: 11]
26. In a random sample of 1000 men, the following facts emerged:
271 of the men were bald;
248 of the men wore spectacles;
251 of the men had false teeth;
64 men were both bald and wore spectacles;
97 men were both bald and had false teeth;
59 wore spectacles and had false teeth;
434 men were not bald, wore no spectacles and had all their own teeth.
How many were bald, wore spectacles and had false teeth? [Answer: 16]
27. A survey of 100 students gave the following data:
41 students taking Spanish,
29 students taking French,
26 students taking Russian,
15 students taking Spanish and French,
8 students taking French and Russian,
19 students taking Spanish and Russian, and
5 students taking all the three languages.
Find the number of students among the 100 that are:
(i) not taking any of the three languages,
(ii) taking just one of the languages. [Answer: (i) 41 (ii) 27]
28. A survey of 300 investors showed the following information concerning the
desirability of buying shares in one or more three Banks ACB, PAB and NNB:
28 advised buying ACB and PAB,
98 advised buying ACB or PAB but not NNB,
42 advised buying PAB but not ACB or NNB,
122 advised buying PAB or NNB but not ACB,
64 advised buying NNB but not ACB or PAB,
14 advised buying ACB and NNB but not PAB,
100 advised buying none.
How many investors advised:
(a) buying shares in all three Banks?
(b) Buying ACB and PAB but not NNB?
(c) Buying shares in only one bank?
(d) Buying shares in ACB irrespective of PAB or NNB?
(e) Buying shares in PAB irrespective of ACB or NNB?
(f) Buying shares in NNB irrespective of ACB or PAB?
[Answer: (a) 8 (b) 20 (c) 142(d) 78 (e) 86 (f) 102]
45
29. A sample poll of 1000 voters revealed the following information concerning three
candidates X, Y and Z of a certain political party vying for three different
offices:
140 in favour of X and Y,
610 in favour of Y or Z, but not X,
460 in favour of X or Y, but not Z,
320 in favour of Z but not X or Y,
210 in favour of Y but not X or Z,
70 in favour of X and Z, but not Y.
How many of the voters were in favour of:
(a) all the three candidates?
(b) X and Y but not Z?
(c) only one of the candidates?
(d) X irrespective of Y or Z?
(e) Y irrespective of X or Z?
(f) Z irrespective of X or Y?
[Answer: (a) 70 (b) 70 (c) 710 (d) 390 (e) 430 (f) 540]
30. A survey of a small town of 20,000 house-holds provided the following data:
60% of the households have a refrigerator,
35% of the households have a telephone,
15% of the households have a Colour TV set,
18% of the households have both a refrigerator and a telephone,
12% of the households have both a telephone and a Colour TV set,
10% of the households have both a refrigerator and a Colour TV set,
8% of the households have a refrigerator, a telephone, & a Colour TV set
How many of these households have:
(a) only a telephone?
(b) only a refrigerator?
(c) Only a Colour TV set?
(d) Neither a telephone, nor a refrigerator, nor a Colour TV set?
[Answer: (a) 2600 (b) 8000 (c) 200 (d) 4400]
46
2.4 Simultaneous Linear Equations: Three unknowns
1. Solve the 3x3 system of equations:
(a) 3x y + z = 5 (b) 4x 3y + 2z = -7
2x + 2y + 3z = 2 2x + 2y 3z = 27
x + 3y - z = 11 2x 5y 4z = 11
(c) 2x + y + z = 3, (d) 2x + y + 6z = 3,
-x + 2y + 2z = 1, x y + 4z = 1
x - y 3z = -6. 3x + y 2z = 2
(e) 5x 7y + 4z = 2, (f) x + y + z = 6
3x + 2y 2z = 3, 2x + 3y + z = 11
2x y + 3z = 4 3x + 2y + 2x = 13
[Answer: (a) x = 3, y = 2, z = - 2, (c) x = 1, y = - 2, z = 3, (d) x = , y = , z = ,
(e) x = 1, y = 1, z = 1]
2. Solve the following systems of liner equations for x, y and z.
(a) 3x + 2y z = -1 (b) 3x + y z = 10 (c) y:z = 2:1
x + y + z = 6 x + 2y + z = 7 10x + y = 0
3x + y + 2z = 15 x z = 3 5x + y + 2z = 15
[Answer: (a) x = 2, y = - 1, z = 5, (b) x = 2, y = 3, z = - 1, (c) x= - 1, y = 10, z = 5]
3. A company makes three types of patio furniture: chairs, rockets, and chaise
lounges. Each requires wood, plastic, and aluminum, in the amounts shown in the
following table. The company has in stock 400 units of wood, 600 units of plastic
and 1500 units of aluminum. For its end-of-the-season production run, the
company wants to use up all the stock. To do this, how many chairs, rockets, and
chaise lounges should it make?
WOOD PLASTIC ALUMINUM
CHAIR 1 unit 1 unit 2 units
ROCKER 1 unit 1 unit 3 units
CHAISE LOUNGE 1 unit 2 units 5 units
[Answer: 100C, 100R, 200CL]
4. A father left $2000 to be shared among his three sons. Alfred and Ben received
between them $200 more than Charles: Alfred got $200 more than Ben.
(a) Write down three different equations representing the statement above.
(b) Calculate how much each of the sons got.
[Answer: x = 650, y = 450, z = 900]
47
5. A father left $800 to be shared amongst his three sons. Alfred and Ben received
between them $543: and Ben and Charles got between them $498.
(a) Write down three different equations representing the statement above.
(b) Calculate how much each of the sons got.
[Answer: x = 302, y = 241, z = 257]
6. A company manufactures three products X, Y and Z, each of which must got
through three processes A, B and c for the following times:
Product Time spent in process
A B C
X 3 3 1
Y 3 2 3
Z 2 0 1
The maximum capacities of processes A, B and C are 130, 85 and 60 respectively.
Calculate the number of units to be products X, Y and Z to ensure the utilization
of maximum capacity.
[Answer: 25x, 5y and 20z products]
2.5 Simultaneous Linear Equations: One Linear, One Quadratic
1. Solve the following simultaneous equations:
(a)
2 2
2 3,
3 5 3 6 0
y x
x y x y
+
+ +
(b)
2 2
2 5,
7
x y
x xy y

+
(c)
2 2
2 4 9,
4 16 20 4 19
x y
x y x y
+
+ +
(d)
2 2
2 8,
4 3 52
x y
x y
+
+
(e)
2 9 3 0,
2 0
x y
xy y
+
+ +
(f)
4,
2 3 14
xy
x y

+
(g)
2 2
1,
2 14
x y
x y


(h)
2
3 4 0,
24
y x
xy x
+
+
(i)
2 2
2( ) 1 2 11 x y x y x y + (j)
2
1
6 4
5
x y
x y

+
[Answer: (d) 2.5, 3; 3.5, 1 (e) -3, 1; 3.5, -4/9 (g) 3, 2; -5, -6 (h) 3, 5; -2, -10]
2. The square of a certain number exceeds twice the square of another number by
16. Find the numbers if the sum of their squares is 208.
48
[Answer: (12, 8); (-12, -8); (12, -8); (-12, 8)]
3. The diagonal of a rectangle is 85cm. If the short side is increased by 11cm and the
long side decreased by 7cm, the length of the diagonal remains the same. Find the
dimensions of the original rectangle. [Answer: 40cm by 75cm]
4. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 41cm long and the area of the triangle is
180cm
2
. Find the lengths of the two legs.
[Answer: 9cm, 40cm]
49
2.5 Nature of Roots, and Relationships between Roots and
Coefficients, of a quadratic Equation
1. Distinguish between the natures of the following quadratic equations:
(a)
2
6 9 0 x x + (b)
2
3 4 2 0 x x + +
(c)
2
2 5 3 0 x x + (d)
2
4 12 9 0 x x +
(e)
2
7 3 2 0 x x + + (f)
2
6 8 1 0 x x
(g)
2
4 7 1 0 x x + +
[Answer: (a) equal roots (b) no real roots (c) real and distinct roots (d) equal roots
(e) imaginary roots (f) real roots (g) real roots]
2. Find the values of k for which each of the following equations has equal roots:
(a) 3x
2
+ kx + 12 = 0 (b) x
2
5x + k = 0
(c) (k + 3)x
2
12x + 2k = 0 (d) (k + 1)x
2
+ 4kx + 9 = 0
(e)
2
6 1 0 kx x + +
[Answer: (a) 12 (b) 25/4 (e) 9]
3. Write down the sums and products of the roots of the following equations:
(i) x
2
3x + 2 = 0 (ii) 4x
2
+ 7x 3 = 0
(iii) x(x 3) = x + 4 (iv) x
2
kx + k
2
= 0
(v)
1 3
2 2
x
x

+
(vi) ax
2
x(a + 2) a = 0
[Answer:]
4. Write down the equations, the sum and product of whose roots are:
(a) 3, 4 (b) 2, (c) , 2/5 (d) , 0
(e) a, a
2
(f) (k + 1), k
2
3
[Answer]
5. For what value of k are the roots of 3x
2
+ (k 1)x 2 = 0 equal and opposite?
[Answer]
6. For what values of k is 9x
2
+ kx + 16 a perfect square?
[Answer]
7. Prove that kx
2
+ 2x (k 2) = 0 has real roots for any value of k.
[Answer]
8. Show that the roots of ax
2
+ (a + b)x + b = 0 are real for all values of a, and b.
[Answer]
9. Find a relationship between p and q if the roots of px
2
+ qx + 1 = 0 are equal.
[Answer: q
2
= 4p]
50
10. If x is real and
2
3( 1)
2 1
x
p
x
+

, prove that p
2
3(p + 3) 0.
[Answer]
11. The quadratic equation: x
2
+ 5mx + 9 = 0 has equal roots. Given that and m
are positive, find the ratio: : m and solve the equation.
[Answer]
12. In the equation: (p
2
+ 1)x
2
+ 2pqx + q
2
= 0, p and q are real numbers. Show that
the equation has no real roots for any values of p and q.
[Answer]
13. Show that the equation x
2
+ (2 k)x + k = 3 has real roots for all real values of k.
[Answer]
14. Show that the equation: (p + 1)x
2
+ (2p + 3)x + (p + 2) = 0, has real roots for all
real values of p.
[Answer]
15. Find the range of values of a, for which (2 3a)x
2
+ (4 a)x + 2 = 0 has no real
roots.
[Answer]
16. Calculate the smallest positive integer p for which the equation: 3x
2
+ px + 7 = 0
has real roots. [Answer]
17. Calculate the value of c for which the equation: 5x
2
+ 6x + c = 0 has equal roots.
[Answer]
18. Show that the roots of the equation: 9x
2
30x + 25 = 0 are equal.
[Answer]
19. Given that a, b and c are real, prove that the roots of the equation:
(x + a)(x + b) = c
2
are real.
[Answer]
20. State the condition for the equation: 3ax
2
+ 3bx + 2c = 0, a 0, to have real roots.
Prove that if this condition is satisfied, then the roots of the equation:
a
2
x
2
+ (3b
2
4ac)x + 4c
2
= 0 are real.
[Answer]
21. Find the value of p if one root of
2
8 0 x px + + is the square of the other.
[Answer:]
22. The roots of the equation
2
2 4 5 0 x x + are
, and
. Find the
value of:
51
2 2
1 1
1 1
+
+ +
[Answer:]
23. If
,
are the roots of
2
2 7 2 0 x x , form the equation whose roots are:
, and


[Answer:]
24. Calculate the discriminant of the equation:
2
49 42 9 0 x x + + and state whether
it has two distinct real roots, two identical roots, or no real roots.
[Answer]
25. If one root of
2
0 ax bx c + + is treble the other, prove that:
2
3 16 0 b ac
[Answer]
26. Prove that the quadratic equation:
2
2 ( 2) 0 kx x k + has real roots for any
value of k.
6.0 POLYNOMIALS
6. (a). Find the remainder when 5 6 4 ) (
3
+ x x x f is divided by 1 2 x
(b). Given the (x 2) is a factor of:
3 2
( ) 5 f x x kx x k + + ,
calculate the value of k.
(c) Use the Factor Theorem to find one of the factors of the cubic:
6 7 9 2
2 3
+ + x x x
Hence, factorize the cubic into its linear factors
(b). The polynomial: n x mx x x p + + + 7 ) (
2 3
has a factor of,
) 2 ( + x
and leaves a remainder of 3 when divided by
) 1 ( x
.
(i) Determine the value of each of the constants, m and n.
(ii) Find the exact value of the three roots of the equation p(x) = 0.
1. (a) The polynomial:
3 2
2 x x ax b + + + is divisible by (x 1) and leaves a
remainder 12 when divided by (x 2). Find the values of a and b.
(b) If (x 1) is a factor of the polynomial:
3 2
( ) 4 4 P x x x x k , where k
is a constant, find:
52
(i) the value of k,
(ii) the remainder when P(x) is divided by (x 3).
(c) Given that:
3
( ) 7 6 f x x x + ,
(i) calculate the remainder when f(x) is divided by (x + 2),
(ii) solve the equation f(x) = 0.
(d) Given that:
3 2 2
( ) 7 f x x px p x + + + , calculate:
(i) the value of p for which f(x) is divisible by (x + 1),
(ii) the value of p for which f(x) has a remainder of 31 when divide by
(x p).
3. (a) The remainder when x
3
3x
2
2x + m is divided by x + 2 is twice the
remainder when it is divided by x 3. Find the value of m.
(b) Factorize completely the expression 4x
3
13x 6 and hence solve the
equation:
2
3
2 2 13 x
x
_


,
(c) Find the value of p and of q for which x
2
2x 3 is a factor of
2x
3
+ px
2
-12x +q.
3. (a). Resolve
2
) 1 )( 2 ( + x x
x
into partial fractions
(b). Express:
( )( ) 3 1
3
+ x x
x
in partial fractions.
(c). Resolve:
( ) 1 ) 2 (
1
2
2
+
+
x x
x
into partial fractions.
7.0 BINOMIAL EXPANSION
1. Evaluate each of the following:
(i)
6!
3!
(ii)
8!
5!
(iii)
12!
7!3!2!
(iv)
(2 1)!
(2 1)!
n
n
+

[Answer: (i) 120 (ii) 336 (iii) 7920 (iv) 2n(2n + 1)]
2. Expand:
(i) (x + y)
6
(ii) (2x + y)
3
(iii) (x y)
6
(iv) (y + 3)
4
(v) (x
2
y
3
)
4
[Answer: (i) x
6
+ 6x
5
y + 15x
4
y
2
+ 20x
3
y
3
+ 15x
2
y
4
+ 6xy
5
+ y
6
(ii) 8x
3
+ 12x
2
y + 6xy
2
+ y
3
53
(iii) x
6
6x
5
y + 15x
4
y
2
20x
3
y
3
+ 15x
2
y
4
6xy
5
+ y
6
(iv) y
4
+ 12y
3
+ 54y
2
+ 108y + 81
(v) x
8
4x
6
y
3
+ 6x
4
y
6
4x
2
y
9
+ y
12
]
3. Find in ascending powers of x, the first four terms in the expansion of:
(i) (1 3x)
5
(ii) (1 + 5x)
7
Hence, find the coefficient of x
2
in the expansion (1 3x)
5
(1 + 5x)
7
[Answer: (i) 1 15x + 90x
2
270x
3
(ii) 1 + 35x + 525x
2
+ 4375x
3
, 90]
4. Obtain the first four terms in the expansion of (1 + p)
6
in ascending powers of p.
By substituting p = x x
2
obtain the expansion of (1 + x x
2
)
6
as far as the term in
x
2
. Find a value for x which would enable you to calculate (1.0099)
6
.
[Answer: 1 + 6p + 15p
2
+ 20p
3
, 1 + 6x + 9x
2
, 0.0099]
5. Expand
( )
1 0
2 1 x
in ascending powers of x up to and including the term in
3
x ,
simplifying each coefficient in the expansion.
Use your expansion to find an approximation to
( )
1 0
9 8 . 0
, stating clearly the
substitution which you have used for x.
[Answer: 1 20x + 180x
2
960x
3
, 0.81704, x = 0.01]
6. Expand
4
4
1
1
,
_

+ x in ascending powers of x. Taking x = 0.1, and using

the first three terms of the expansion, find the value of
4
) 025 . 1 ( , correct to three
places of decimal.
[Answer:
2 3 4
3
1
8 16 256
x x x
x + + + + , 1.104]
7. Write down the expansion of
6
) 2 ( x in ascending powers of x. Taking the first
three terms of the expansion, put x = 0.002, and find the values of
6
) 998 . 1 ( as
accurately as you can. Examine the fourth term of the expansion to find to how
many places of decimal your answer is correct.
[Answer: 64 192x + 240x
2
160x
3
+ 60x
4
12x
5
+ x
6
, 63.61696, 5 places]
8. Write down and simplify the expansion of (1 p)
5
. Use this result to find the
expansion of (1 x x
2
)
5
in ascending powers of x as far as the term in x
3
. Find
the value of x which would enable you to estimate (0.9899)
5
from this expansion.
[Answer: (1 p
5
) + 10p
2
(1 p) + 5p(p
3
1), 1 5x + 5x
2
+ 10x
3
+ , 0.0101]
54
9. Write down, and simplify, the first three terms of the expansion, in ascending
powers of x, of:
(i)
5
3
1
2
x _
+

,
(ii) (2 x)
5
Hence, or otherwise, obtain the coefficient of x
2
in the expansion of
5
2
3
2 2
2
x
x
_
+

,
[Answer: (i)
2
15 45
1
2 2
x x
+ + (ii) 32 80x + 80x
2
, 200]
10. Expand
5
2
2
x _

,
by the binomial theorem and reduce the terms to their simplest
form. Given that the first three terms in the expansion of
( )
5
2 1
2
x
ax
_
+

,
are
32 16x + bx
2
, find the value of a, and of b.
[Answer:
4 5
2 3
5
32 40 20 5
8 32
x x
x x x + + , a = , b = 10]
11. Evaluate the coefficient of x
3
in the binomial expansion of
8
3
2
x _

,
.
[Answer: 1701]
12. Find the first three terms in the expansion, in descending powers of x, of
6
2
x
x
_

,
. Hence, find the coefficient of x
4
in the expansion of
6
2
2
(2 3 ) x x
x
_
+

,
.
[Answer: x
6
12x
4
+ 60x
2
, 156]
13. Given the expansion of (1 3x)
2
(1 + ax)
8
in ascending powers of x as:
1 + 10x + bx
2
+ , calculate the value of a, and of b.
[Answer: a = 2, b = 25]
14. Find the coefficient of x
2
in the expansion of (2 + 5x + x
2
)(1 + x)
7
.
[Answer]
15. Write down and evaluate the middle term of the binomial expansion of
6
1
3
30
_
+

,
[Answer]
16. Find, in ascending powers of x, the first three terms in the expansion of (2 3x)
8
.
Use the expansion to find the value of (1.997)
8
correct to the nearest whole
number.
55
[Answer: 256 3072x + 16128x
2
, 253]
17. Find the first three terms in the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of:
(i) (1 3x)
5
(ii) (2 + x)
4
Hence, find the coefficient of x
2
in the expansion of (1 3x)
5
(2 + x)
4
.
[Answer]
18. Find the first three terms in the expansion of (1 2x)
5
in ascending powers of x,
simplifying the coefficient. Given that the first three terms in the expansion of
(a + bx)(1 2x)
5
are 2 + cx + 10x
2
, state the value of a, and hence, find the value
of b, and of c.
[Answer: 1 10x + 40x
2
, a = 2, b = 7, c = 13]
19. Find the first three terms of the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of:
(i) (1 + 2x)
6
(ii) (1 3x)
6
Hence, obtain the coefficient of x
2
in the expansion of (1 x 6x
2
)
6
.
[Answer]
20. Find the first three terms of the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of (1 5x)
6
.
Hence, obtain the coefficient of x
2
in the expansion of (1 + 3x 2x
2
)(1 5x)
6
.
[Answer]
56
26. Express 231.32
five
in base ten.
[Answer: 66.68]
27. Express the following decimals as bicimals:
(a) 0.75 (b) 0.375 (c) 0.875
(d) 0.3125 (e) 26.25 (f) 0.625
[Answer: (a) 0.11; (b) 0.011; (c) 0.111; (d) 0.0101; (e) 11010.01; (f) 0.101]
28. Convert:
(a) (i) 17
ten
(ii) 2376
eight
(iii) 17.356
ten
to base 2
(b) 156FDF
sixteen
to base 10.
(c) (i) 11101110011110
two
(ii) 2367
eight
to base 16.
[Answer: (a) (i) 10001, (ii) 10011111110, (iii) 10001.0101; (b) 1404895;
(c) (i) 3B9E, (ii) 4F7]
29. Convert:
(i) 19
ten
(ii) 1110001001100
two
(iii) 111001100.11001
two
to base 8
[Answer: (i) 16114 (ii) 714.62]
30. A number is written as 52
x
. Four times the number is written as 301
x
. What is x?
[Answer: 7]
31. (a) Convert 3090base 10 to hexadecimal
(b) Convert F9BD to decimal notation.
[Answer: (a) C12sixteen (b) 63933
ten
]
32. (a) Subtract 8
sixteen
from 34
sixteen
(b) Subtract AB
sixteen
from 929
sixteen
[Answer: (a) 2C
sixteen
(b) 87E
sixteen
]
33. Multiply ABC
sixteen
by 49
sixteen
[Answer: 30F9C
sixteen
]
57