Bài 1

Question 1 A sense of identity: What is the difference in usage

between the words ‘British’ and ‘English’?

(chat gpt)

The words "British" and "English" have slightly different meanings

and usage.

British: It refers to something or someone related to the United

Kingdom. The term "British" encompasses various countries,
including England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. For
example, someone from Scotland would be considered British.

English: It specifically refers to something or someone related to

England, which is one of the countries within the United Kingdom.
People from England are called English. For example, the English
language, English culture, or an English person.

In general, "British" is a broader term that includes all the nations

within the United Kingdom, while "English" refers specifically to
England. However, it is important to note that context matters, and the
usage of these words can vary depending on the situation.

Question 2 Core and periphery: Which is the ‘core’ area of Britain,

and which is the ‘periphery? Give reasons why the core continues to
be dominant.
The idea of being the Core of the country has the largest population and holds
the most power. When we talk about power, we refer to economic power,
political power, etc…
The 'core' area of Britain can be considered the Southeast region, particularly the
Greater London area and its surrounding counties. The 'periphery' refers to the
rest of the country, including regions like the North, Midlands, and Southwest.
three main reasons
Firstly, The core benefits from a concentration of economic activity, including
finance, commerce, and services, particularly in London. It is home to major
 businesses, international headquarters, and financial institutions, creating a
highly prosperous and dynamic economy. This economic power provides the
core with a strong influence over national policies and decisions.
Secondly, The core area has historically been the political and economic hub of
the country. London has been a capital city for over a millennium, and its
historical legacy, coupled with a well-established financial system, has
contributed to its continued dominance.
Lastly, The core area hosts prestigious educational institutions like Oxford,
Cambridge, and various London universities, which produce graduates who are
highly sought after by employers. These institutions attract talented individuals,
leading to the concentration of skilled professionals in the core area, which in
turn attracts businesses and stimulates economic growth.
It is important to note that while the core area remains dominant,
efforts have been made to address regional disparities and promote
development in the periphery. However, the core's continued
dominance is a result of long-standing advantages that have become
entrenched over time.
Question 3
The north-south divide: Which of these do you think best describes the
social-economic differences in Britain?
Core-periphery
North-south divide
Both "Core-periphery" and "North-south divide" concepts can be used
to describe the social-economic differences in Britain, but N-S do it
better.
1. Core-periphery: This concept refers to the uneven distribution of
wealth, power, and development between the center (core) and the
surrounding areas (periphery). In the context of Britain, it would
describe the disparities between the prosperous and economically
developed London and the Southeast region (core) and the relatively
less developed regions in the North, Scotland, and Wales (periphery).
This concept emphasizes the concentration of economic activity and
resources in the core, leading to marginalization and
underdevelopment in the periphery.
2. North-south divide: This concept specifically highlights the
social and economic disparities between the northern and southern
parts of Britain. It suggests that there are significant differences in
terms of employment opportunities, income levels, infrastructure,
investment, quality of life and life habits between the North and
South regions. The North is generally seen as having lower economic
development, higher unemployment rates, a more industrial
past,higher death rate and the lowest average weekyly wages while
the South is often associated with economic prosperity, better job
opportunities, higher living standards and lowest death rates .
Overall, both concepts contribute to understanding the social-
economic differences in Britain, with the core-periphery framework
providing a broader perspective on regional disparities, while the
north-south divide specifically zooms in on the differences between
the northern and southern parts of the country.
Question 4

‘Sunset’ and ‘sunrise’ areas: What are ‘sunset’ and ‘sunrise’ areas?
Do you think these areas help to represent Britain and the North-south
divide?

Sunset’ and ‘sunrise’ areas are terms used to describe parts of the United
Kingdom that are economically and politically different.

- ‘Sunset’ area - The North - Areas are broadly those where traditional
industries have collapsed during the past 30 years due to international
shifting of industry
+ Focus on Industrial power
+ Less Economic power
+ Left Politically leaning

Some of these industries were over a hundred years old, such as the
cotton goods in Lancashire, coal and steel production in South
Wales, and parts of Yorkshire.
Generally, the further North you Travel in Britain the less
economic advantages are available to people.
- the ‘sunrise’ areas refer to the more prosperous and economically vibrant
regions in the South of England, particularly around London and the
Southeast
+ Seat of Political power
+ Greater Economic power: Higher wages, ⅓ of the National GDP
+ Right Political leaning
It is generally considered that the British Government favours the south more
when it comes to development and political decisions. Generally, people who
live in the North favour more liberal and socialist policies while the people in
the South favour more Right leaning conservative political policies.

Question 5

Rich and poor What happened to the gap between rich and poor
during the period 1979 to 1994, and what were the main causes?

Economic gap between rich and poor is higher than it has ever been
since.
While there are many factors that have led to this rapid increase in
Poverty, many argue the Economic Government Policies during the
1980s, specifically from the Conservative Party in England, are to
blame.
The policies and changes to the Tax system in England specifically
favored the rich, on the assumption that the highest-income earners
were the most productive members of society.
Regardless, Britain, especially in Northern peripheral areas, has
become known for its rapid increase in poverty in comparison to other
similar first world countries within the European Community.

Question 6 Consider the following map indicating regional average

weekly earnings by area in 1997.
What does the map indicate?
Does it confirm or qualify ideas such as the north-south divide, and
core-periphery?
The map indicates the economic gap in different areas of Britain in
1997.
It does confirm ideas such as the north-south divide and core-
periphery. Because according to the map, the regional average weekly
earnings in the South or the core is much higher than other areas.
Question 7 Consider this comparative index of inequality. Does it
confirm that the Rich and Poor divide represents modern Britain?

yess

Like many other countries, Britain has seen an increasing gap over the past few
decades. The rich have become wealthier, while the poor have struggled to keep
up with rising living costs and stagnant wages. This divide is reflected in various
socioeconomic indicators such as income inequality, access to quality education,
healthcare, and housing. It also often correlates with disparities in opportunities
and outcomes for individuals from different socioeconomic backgrounds.
Bài 2
Q1 Britain is characterized by its Medieval Castles, knights with
swords, and Kings and Queens. Do you agree? Give a reason why.

I agree that Britain is by its Medieval Castles, knights with swords, and Kings
and Queens.

One reason for this is that these elements are deeply rooted in British history and
have played significant roles in shaping the country's culture and heritage.
Medieval Castles, such as the Tower of London and Windsor Castle, are iconic
symbols of Britain's past, representing the power and grandeur of its monarchs.
Knights with swords were a prominent part of medieval chivalry and warfare,
and their tales of bravery and honor have become part of the country's folklore.
Lastly, the institution of monarchy, with its Kings and Queens, has endured for
centuries, embodying the continuity and traditions of British governance.

Q2 What impact do you think the Hundred Years' War has had
on English and French international relations?

The Hundred Years' War, which lasted from 1337 to 1453, had a
significant impact on English and French international relations. The
war intensified historical rivalries between England and France,
leading to a deep-rooted animosity that persisted for centuries. This
animosity fueled conflicts and shaped diplomatic strategies between
the two countries.

Now, the two countries still kind of hate each other and in English,
there are even some comedies that are about French.

The long duration of the war contributed to the development and

consolidation of national identities in both England and France. As a
result, a sense of nationalism, which had a lasting impact on internal
politics, cultural identity, and foreign policy.

Military innovations: The long duration of the war spurred significant

military innovations, including the increased use of gunpowder,
longbows, and the development of professional standing armies.
These innovations influenced military strategies and tactics in future
conflicts and could impact how England and France engaged with
other countries.

Q3 How did the English Civil War impact the development of the
monarchy in England?
The English Civil War had a profound impact on the development of the
monarchy in England. It resulted in significant changes in the power dynamics
between the monarchy and other branches of government, as well as in the
perception and role of the monarchy within society.
Before the Civil War, the king held supreme authority: the disputes over the
King’s authority, taxation, and religious differences between the Anglican
Church and various Protestant groups are the main causes. Resultly, The
execution of King Charles I in 1649 and the establishment of the
Commonwealth of England, led by Cromwell as Lord Protector.
With the consent of Parliatment, the monarchy was restored after a period of 11
years due to many historical factors by the crowning of King Charles II (the son
of King Charles I).
because of the civil war, the future monarchs in Britain became cautious of
challenging the Parliament and pushing their agenda too hard. This meant that
Parliament effectively had the power to choose who they wanted to be the
figurehead of the country. Thus, the royal family could still retain their power
and wealth to this day.

Q4 Do you think parliament or the monarchy has more control in

Britain?

Yes,

1st , The monarchy, headed by the reigning monarch, has a largely ceremonial, ,
representative position and limited powers, while the Parliament holds the
majority of the legislative power : making laws, debating policies, and
holding the government accountable.

2nd, The Crown would only exercise their given and limited power under the
guidance and control of the British Parliament.
Q5 England was the most important country in the world, do you
agree?

No, I don’t. England has played a significant role in world history,

particularly during the colonial era when the British Empire was the
largest empire in history. England's industrial revolution also had a
profound impact on global developments. However, it is important to
note that importance can be subjective and different countries have
had their own significant contributions to world history and global
affairs.

Q6 Why is history important to Britain?

History is a vital part of Britain because it provides a foundation for

understanding our identity, culture, and political institutions. Thus,
that is the reason why almost everyone in britain is taught from a
young age about British history:

- Its influences over our mordern language

- Its influence over our general decision making, political policies

and the way we view each other in England.

Bài 3
Question 1: Here is a diagram representing the theoretical
hierarchy of power within Britain. Do you think it reflects reality?
Explain your answer below with at least 3 sentences.

Regarding the diagram and its content, we can be certain that it is

incorrect.

Firstly, from the foundation of the diagram, we observe a fact that the
People contribute to members of the House of Commons. However, as
we climb up the hierarchy, the House of Commons is not equal to the
House of Lords. The House of Commons is where the government is
formed and is the institution within Parliament who creates the laws.
 Secondly, while The Crown bears the symbols of authority; they, in
fact, exercise their power only under the guidance of the Prime
Minister (the head of the Government) and Parliament.

Therefore, this diagram is incorrect and it does not reflect reality.

Question 2: What are the powers of The Crown? (Pg 26-29).

The feign duty of the Crown

In modern day Britain, the Crown serves as:

The head of the executive and judiciary institutions within the UK.

The head/leader of the Church of England. (the current biggest religion

in Britain with a number of devotees up to 13.7% of the entire
population)

The Commander-in-chief of the British Armed forces. (The highest

officer roles available within the British military)

The symbolic power of the Crown in the politics field

They have the right to affect Parliament’s action.

The power to appoint Judges, military officers, promote people to

different positions of power through the British government, assign
religious leaders and also (theoretically) declare war and make peace
with other countries.

The influential power through experience and respectability: The

monarch has a great deal of respect given to them from the political
leaders within parliament.

Nevertheless, while the powers given to the Crown might seem

impressive, the Monarch within Britain is often described as someone
who reigns but does not rule.

Who rules Britain?

What parts of the British Public are these Manifesto’s aimed

towards?

Manifestos in the context of British politics are typically aimed at the

general public as they outline the policy proposals and priorities of
political parties ahead of elections. Political parties use manifestos to
communicate their vision and appeal to a wide range of voters. The
specific parts of the British public that manifestos target can vary
depending on the party and their intended support base. Parties may
tailor their policies to appeal to specific demographics, such as young
voters, the elderly, working-class communities, business owners, or
particular interest groups. Ultimately, manifestos aim to garner
support from as many voters as possible to secure electoral success.

Who do you believe has more power? the people or the

government? Why?

The government is elected by the people and is accountable to them,

which reflects the principle of popular sovereignty. The people
exercise their power through voting in elections and engaging in
political participation, such as protests, advocacy, and public
discourse.

However, the government, as the entity responsible for governing the

country, holds significant power in terms of making and implementing
policies, enforcing laws, and managing public institutions. The
government also has the authority to make decisions on behalf of the
country, subject to checks and balances provided by the legislative,
judicial, and other independent bodies
Ultimately, the balance of power between the people and the
government can shift depending on various factors, including the
political climate, public opinion, and the effectiveness of democratic
institutions.

Bài 4
Question 1: What are the overall goals of the Labour and
Conservative party?

Question 2: What parts of the British Public are these Manifesto’s

aimed towards?

Question 3: What are the main political parties in the UK?

Question 4: Explain the main differences between the Conservative

and Labour Party?

Question 5: What are the primary colors of each party and how does
this help to express the ideologies they represent?

Question 6: Why do you think the ideology of the Labor Party

changed towards the center under Tony Blair’s 90s government?

What do these parties tell us about the current state and culture within
Britain