EINSTEIN KELA TION FoR_A P-N ToNCTION

drft cusnt
unclion in ejibbiun, te
Ae
we Know in - Cwonl and
hesle e difusim
ala Pynl
tnth oler.
the TM ill Contel
The dailt eelun Cuknt deni e
Tdapt) enMe E

whese E te eleetoe held

and
e mobiily
Curtenl deneilh 6 pvon
eleclion
The dilpesion
e De dy
Onaalion
te elely
whese e p iostm
d gadie,t
Calod electin dtfain) Gatharnl
and DDe
ttl electan urant das v b
The
E dn
t eb-d
=
en,
hole Cusonl densily
Samilet, Tal

=ebA, E -e D, =0
shee hole onontalion aden
d
n D hole Co tinn
dtuion aclh
 2
Now in e} , we

- Me Ed
dn De
-Dmobnnelecluns and inlagnlng
No Considea
ue ge
ohet, se
e olbet,
one deplaTin
lae1 bomdahy
om
dn -Me E dy
De

_E - ) De
n De - p)
whese bat polenlnl Vg
=
-

E(
eDe
MeVg
thole Cusm, e t
SGrmilalg, Comsidesing
-AVB
Dh (8)
e
Pn
GnGntalin plee Tans
d eeehms
Ale oltzmany ea lons s

ahd holes Cin be illn a

eVs/eT
-eVsJe7
ahd Lhene k u Bollzmany loslont
n
 Compoing
De D T
Me
aD 12
kreun as Einsle in
E
Ey1s inpttant alalon
elalion. Cmstont D
ud aloalate ditasinn
cho vrmbilty M
eny
ean theond tntgy
KT
e
is 9ften the valthge
alld tte valtnge
ond
the pasheles
tie
epindnl

At 10m ompesaline (3 k)
=002/v

e
 HAIL EFFEC T
Depri un
L to a Cutent
When a magnelie_pield is ahplied
Sejtonduclea,_n veltay s deelped
Cattying Conducl1 o
Cathying dieclion 1 bot the
the Specimen in a

maqhele held.
This_phonomeey s alled
Cwim d te nlled
The lnaSe devltped
eHallllecl.
the
te Hall vullaye.

+tt t
V
e
Bev

sab dn-pe SeriCamduclh uhich

ConSidea
elechens moving nght to l t t velocil'v
Conenlial Cusinl bwingo lelt t ight in
the tve Semilndu clo is blated m a
+ve X-disech. The
magvete held B aclng in te tve z- dideclon. Now4
NoN
moanele pld (Bev) exested on te eledions in e -ve y dindn
 Due t t s lorce, he eleeliors l l be dHleded
Due
he doumnahd dinecho. Thus
in
in
-e chge l l be
acdumelated o te battom fate f te SemiCdurt slab.
Suntple il okeld, 4ve chnge
Tab
Tep
dtfuaonteVA) alled te Hllwltr
Aonlal
the top md bolly Sutes.
ill be ertnbbishod beetn
Causes An deetue pld (Ey) ald
potontial dilunce
The
-ve y-dineclon and
exel
ete
t Hall hrld in
te eleatson in te hunrad y-dsrlo.
a ncee Ep) o

d-Tybe Sermilmducl, the chtge tastiees

Tn Case
the bolom Sfate ill be "tvely choyd
Mholes and

Sunpole due To a0Ca acumylolim

elh Tve to e Zop
holes
> In eyuilLain slat, eleetaie fote due b Hhall efet s

e magnefc fite
balancrd by
eE =
Bev
=B

Cuhtonl donsi qven

The
neV
ne
whee nv e humben eleetns pe unit vdume.
 EH BT
ne

EH
B ne

The
The wonly EH
e toll eletoe peld pet
BT k alled
UniT CubtnT dbngit, bes unil magnelic peld
Hall Cielhciest_R
Hall helhcint EH=
H BT ne
te cuton sies
inde -pe Semiladuclt,
elhod eleekons,
-

ne
tuhnt Casiiers
t b-pt milndaclet,
te
chatyd hoder
ae tvely
-

pe
akere e holes pet tif var
ensl hile.
 belween Ku and 4
elaton
ette veles acap'tod
The mobilit delinal elecic
þaslicles þen vnit
tte Cushsnl
CaAy"
1hne E Hod ebdie
pel in X- din
V= E
Vb =
AUE B
E EH =

MEx
EH = uE, B =

BT
KH
te elelital Crducherl
whep
E
Cneicdeting at all te chaiy
t desnd
Cauety me itt te meAn velealv
hAe nandom tetmad
hchuly
hchinllg, he chatat
chage Cniess a

sprd. 7 Snch disabhn s Zako

distabntm
inlo aCtomt, e ) s medhied a

(10
 Hall angk UN (27
E
E,tkud eleteie) H
n e x-din
and E Hall held
tten
them te esltont eleelse
held E in tte sheiniy
EH

E = E,t F -
ermltant eletve held E ncls at an An (y)
and is angle ' s alled Hall dngle.
to the
To x- axis

Zan
Ths
= e Vk__
=
vß
EH
But Ey =

e ne

lan O VB MB 12
E
 Abphalan Hall Feet

Measvameml o_boe in an eledhonayeli

tinve
pouey in an
Used To
mntse
Can be
Hall ellerT
eleciemng hele NAve
ind hhe ties
Le Used 77
a
Hall ilet Can
e
mdeial 's a mehl, SemiCmducly
Semilmducls

inSulalr
3) Detetmi nnlan mnbilt,
Slerlion KH
mtbiily 4 =ku
He an duemine
deletmine M
Me
and Ky
By
By measuhing

MeaSuhsmenl
magnelcAux cons:ly

Holl vilb VH
V prpalienl 7 magele plor dreil
Calcalalin Chie Con ennlim
e Catlie Con onl'ralioy Cn be
ByBy measuing Ku,
obTaned k te elh lioy
n - t y SniCondoeclr
eRe p-pe Seitmduct
Ond eRH

Detetnialion Seindacla Tybe

s
Ftn-yk SemiCorducla, Hall toelhcient Ru -e

ond lo