MODULE 1

Risk Management 1
Chapter 4: Analysis of
Hazards
Presented by N P Rantsatsi
Learning outcome
Student should be able to:
❑Describe and understand organic model for
hazard analysis
❑Understand the process of hazard analysis
❑Perform hazard analysis
❑Determine the hazardousness of hazard
Hazards and their threatening properties
 All tangible objects (solid, liquid, or gases)
 they can be sensed either by being seen, touched, smelt, tasted, felt
or heard
 Hazards all have some form of basic or potential energy, shape,
mass, volume, density levels
 Hazardsare governed by natural laws and therefore they have
symmetry.
 Hazards are always in interaction with other hazards in the vicinity.
 Their influence depends on the mode of their interaction
 whether they are dormant, armed, or active
 type of their interaction, namely additive, synergistic or antagonistic
 level of their interaction, namely, non-interactive, reactive or
interactive.
Identifying hazards..
 In order to analyse a hazard one needs to know what
the hazard is
 So you need to identify the hazard correctly.
 one needs to know exactly what hazards are in the
situation you are entering into
 in order to determine whether one is competent to
deal with the safety risk levels and be safe.
 A lack of an awareness or knowledge leave you very
vulnerable to the potential damage or harm hazards
could cause.
Challenges..
 There are some real challenges involved in identifying
a hazard correctly.
 How often do we experience that visibility, colour, shape, size,
sound, position, smell, our perceptions, likes, dislikes, habits,
prejudices
 and many more influence of our identification of hazards?
 lack of knowledge of the existence of hazards creates the main
reason why one cannot identify hazards.
 Competence is an indispensable pre-requisite for identifying
hazards correctly
 If you have never seen a specific hazard such as manganese
you will not be able to identify it when you come across it.
Analysing hazards
 Knowing or being competent in identifying hazards is not
enough for being safe
 It is crucial that you analyse the hazard in order to
determine what safety risk it offers
 Key is knowledge of the characteristics of a hazard
 If not familiar with the characteristics of hazards & role
they can play in making hazards hazardous by creating
safety risk,
 you will not be able to analyse hazards and determine
safety risk levels.
Analysing the hazards..
 Analysis requires u to start thinking about such hazard in terms
of the following:
❑ The nature (structure – solid, liquid or gas),
❑ All the energies that are part of it
❑ All the characteristics that together with energy/energies can
add to safety risk
❑ Its functioning (mode, interaction, and behaviour) should such
hazards be humans or other living organisms.
 E.g. a street cat jumping in lounge vs. a neighbour’s cat
 To analyse correctly you need to know the characteristics and
the interactions that will take place.
 Identifying energy sources plays a vital role in hazard analysis.
Hazard Matrix..
Code Characteristic contributing to risk Contribution

D Rotating disc in good condition 0

Ec Electrical cord in poor condition 10

U Incompetent user 10

S Dead-man switch not in place 10

E Disc rotating at high speed 20

G Safe guard in place 0

Total Grinder 50
Hazard Matrix..
 By using a matrix the hazardousness of a hazard can be
determined by adding the total of the input of the
energy and all the other characteristics to creating
safety risk.
 The hazardousness pertaining to a specific energy and
the additional characteristics are expressed as a factor
of 1,0
 by adding the values of all the separate characteristics
to a single total and dividing it by 100.
 The closer the value to 1,0 the higher the hazardous
factor and the more hazardous or dangerous such
energy is
 Hazard Matrix..

Hazardousness of gravitational = f (D + Ec + U + S +E +G)

energy of the total Angle Grinder 100

= f (0 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 20 + 0)
100

= 50
100
= 0,5
Hazard analysis done in teams
 Hazard analysis forms an integral part of safety risk assessment.
 there is an enormous wide range of hazards all over the world
 therefore, the best and most effective way to analyse a hazard is
by doing it
 within the framework of a multi-disciplinary or cross functional
or adhocracy task team
 Such teams will comprise members who are familiar with specific
hazards based on expert knowledge, functions, responsibilities
and experiences.
 Adhocracy task teams are of temporary structure formed to
resolve a given problem and to dissolve afterwards.
 Cross functional teams are similar to both these, adhocracies and
the organic model.
The organic model is characterised by:

 A structure that is flat, that

❑ Uses cross functional teams , with
❑ Little or no formal structure within
❑A comprehensive information network, that
❑ Relies on participative decision-making.
 These elements tie in with the structure and functioning
of adhocracies.
 The task team needs to reach consensus on determining
the hazardous factor of the hazards in the applicable
business.
THANK YOU ALL