Philippine Christian University

Sampaloc 1, Dasmariñas City, Cavite 4114

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2023-2024

MODULE INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN

PERSON
(GRADE 11/GRADE 12)
QUARTER 1 - WEEK 1 (SEPTEMBER 4-8, 2023)

LESSON 1: DOING A PHILOSOPHY

Overview

Do you still remember the first question you asked your parents? Is it the color of the clouds, why the seawater
is salt or questioning how they made or created you? These are the common questions being asked by children
or preschoolers. Through Philosophy it can be answered even the hardest or confusing question like “is God a
spirit, human or an alien?” but there are different answers depending on the religion or beliefs of the
humankind. In doing Philosophy you may validate your assumptions or ideas regarding your inquiries.
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence,
knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental
questions (such as mysticism, myth, or religion) by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance
on rational argument. It involves logical analysis of language and clarification of the meaning of words and
concepts.

Objectives

1. The learner understands the meaning and process of doing philosophy.

2. At the end of the session, learners are expected to:

a. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view;

b. Recognize human activities that emanated from deliberate reflection;

Pre-test/ Test Yourself

Instruction: Read carefully and choose the best answer.

Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an
exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for
their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.
 1. Philosophy comes from the two Greek terms “Philo” and “Sophia” meaning to
a. ask and answer c. love and wisdom
b. inquire and learn d. love and knowledge
2. What is the ultimate goal of knowing Philosophy?
a. Widen your knowledge c. Gain ideas
b. Pursuit of Truth d. know yourself more.
3. Why is Philosophy considered science?
a. Because it includes inquiries and questions through investigation
Because it has systematized idea
b. Because it asks questions and finds answers through the natural light of reason.
c. All of the above.
4. It is a branch of Philosophy that deals with morality of what is right and wrong.
a. Metaphysics c. Ethics
b. Aesthetics d. Logic
5. He was credited with the saying “No man ever steps on the same river twice.”
a. Heraclitus c. Epicurus
b. Democritus d. Archimedes

Study these Terms

● Identity- the fact of being who or what a person or thing is

● Pythagorean- group professing to be followers of the Greek philosopher Pythagoras; they believe that
the essence of all things are numbers and that the universe was sustained by harmony.
● Atoms- extremely small amount of a thing or quality.
● Modern Calculus- originally called infinitesimal calculus, it is the study of continuous change.

Discussion

Philosophy, from Greek, by way of Latin, philosophia, “love of wisdom”) the rational, abstract, and methodical
consideration of reality as a whole or of fundamental dimensions of human existence and experience.
Philosophical inquiry is a central element in the intellectual history of many civilizations. The study of the
fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline
Base on Florida State University (n.d), philosophy can be broadly defined as an activity people engage in when
they want to learn the fundamental truths about who they are, the world they live in, and their relationships to

Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an
exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for
their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.
 it and to one another. The philosophy of each academic field is largely the same. Philosophy students are
always asking, fighting for, and responding to the most fundamental questions in life. Academic philosophy is
generally separated into key areas of study to make such an endeavor more systematic.

Value of Doing a Philosophy

The meaning of Philosophy

Etymologically the word ‘’philosophy’’ comes from the Greek word, PHILO meaning to love and SOPHIA
meaning wisdom. Philosophy originally means ‘’love of wisdom’’ and in a broad sense, wisdom still the
goal of philosophy is also defined as the science of natural light reason, under this definition, four
things are to be considered.
1. SCIENCE. It is called science because the investigation is systematic. It follows certain steps or it
employs certain procedures.
2. NATURAL LIGHT OF REASON. Philosophy investigates things, not by using other laboratory
instruments or investigate tools neither on the basis of supernatural revelation, it becomes theology,
the philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply, human reason alone or the so-called
unaided reason.
3. STUDY OF ALL THINGS. This sets the distinction between philosophy from other sciences. All other
sciences concern themselves with a particular object of investigation. For example, A Philosopher
studies human beings, society, religion, language, God, and plants among other concerns.
4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHER PRINCIPLE. A principle is that form in which something proceeds in any
manner whatsoever. The First Principles:
● Principle of Identity - whatever it is, it is, and whatever is not is not, everything its own being
and not being is not being (ex: Apple cannot be mango and Mango cannot be an apple)
● Principle of Noncontradiction - it is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time
and at the same respect (Kate can stay at home but cannot stay at school at the same time)
● Principle of Excluded Middle - a thing is either or is not, everything must be either be or not
be, between being and not being, there is no middle possible ground. (Ex: yes or no, pros and
cons)
● Principle of Sufficient Reason - nothing exists without sufficient reason for its being and
existence. (Ex: 1 plus 1 = 2)

Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an
exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for
their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.
 Branches of Philosophy
● METAPHYSICS - literally means “after physics”. The only extension of fundamental and necessary drive
in every human being to know what is real. To understand the world in terms of appearance and
reality, we try to make things comprehensible by simplifying or reducing the mass of things we call
appearance to a relatively fewer number of things we call reality.
● ETHICS - is derived from the Greek term ethos, meaning “moral philosophy”. Branch of philosophy that
explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions. Ethics is generally a study of the
nature of moral judgment.
● EPISTEMOLOGY - is derived from the Greek term epistēmē, meaning “knowledge”. It deals with nature,
sources, limitations and validity of knowledge. It explains: How we know what we claim to know; how
we can find out what we wish to know; and how we can differentiate truth from falsehood.
● LOGIC - The term logic comes from the Greek word logike and was coined by Zeno, the Stoic.
Etymologically, it means a treatise on matters pertaining to human thought. It does not provide us
knowledge of the world directly, for logic is considered as a tool and therefore does not contribute
directly to the content of our thoughts.
● AESTHETICS - is derived from the Greek term aisthetikos, meaning “sensitive”. It is the science of the
beautiful in its various manifestations including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic and ugly. It’s a must
to consider the importance of aesthetics because of the following: it vitalizes our knowledge (makes
our knowledge of the world alive and useful), it helps us to live more deeply and richly (it is not
something merely like craft of applied arts but something of weight and significance to humankind) and
it bring us in touch with our culture (the answer of great minds in the past to these problems are part
of our culture).

Pre-Socratic Philosophers
PHILOSOPHERS IN MILETUS
Philosophy is said to have begun in the Ionic Colonies of Asia Minor around 6th BC through Thales of Miletus.
1. THALES is known as the first Greek philosopher and the father of philosophy. Engage in the inquiry of
searching for the natural world and various phenomena without relying on supernatural explanation
and divine components.
Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an
exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for
their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.
 2. ANAXIMANDER who wondered about the beginning of the universe and where it came from. He
claimed that the universe was formed from boundlessness.
3. ANAXIMENES argued that air was the fundamental element through the process of refraction or
compression, the air surrounds earth in a more or less compressed state.
4. HERACLITUS claimed the Unity of Opposites in characterizing the cosmos. ‘No man cannot step on the
same river twice’
5. XENOPHANES claimed that there is a single God. He did not subscribe to the idea of an
anthropomorphic God. He suggested if Gods are ‘’human-like’’ then horses, oxen and lions would have
equine, bovine and leonine.
6. PYTHAGORAS believes that the cosmos is a structured system ordered by numbers. Believe that nature
can be quantified.
(To be continued on the next module)

MODULE 1: ACTIVITY NO.1

WRITTEN WORK: GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Name:_________________________________ Date and Week No.:_______________ Score:___/30
Grade, Strand, and Section: _________________________ Teacher: _________________________
Instructions: In one sentence, write down in each circle in the graphic organizer what you have
learned about the definition of philosophy and its branches. For printed modules, make sure that your
handwriting is legible. (15 points)

PHILOSOPHY

Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an
exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for
their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.
 MODULE 1: ACTIVITY NO.2
PERFORMANCE TASK: POSTER MAKING
Instructions: Make a poster of one of the prehistoric and western philosophers inside the box. Write
at least five (5) sentences reflecting about the importance of his contribution to the field of
philosophy. The illustration can be digital or traditional. (15 points)

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an
exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for
their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.
 POSTER MAKING RUBRICS

Scores 15 points 11-14 points 6-10 points 1-5 point/s

Content All requirements are All requirements are All requirements are All requirements are
well-written, and well-written, and well-written, and well-written, and
the visuals used to the visuals used to the visuals used to the visuals used to
illustrate and inform illustrate and inform illustrate and inform illustrate and inform
about the poster about the poster about the poster about the poster
project are carefully project are carefully project are carefully project are carefully
chosen. chosen. chosen. chosen.

Relevance The instruction is The instruction is The instruction is The instruction is

well followed, and well followed, and well followed, and well followed, and
the content of the the content of the the content of the the content of the
visual work is very visual work is very visual work is very visual work is very
related to the topic. related to the topic. related to the topic. related to the topic.

Badly needs
Creativity and improvement in the
Good use of Good use of
Visual Appeal Pleasing use of combining of
symbols, shapes, symbols, shapes,
symbols, shapes, symbols, shapes,
colors, and other colors, and other
colors, and other colors, and other
graphic elements. graphic elements.
graphic elements. graphic elements.
But the poster did But the poster has a
The poster captured The poster has a
not meet the clustered
the viewer's clustered
attention and appearance and
attention and appearance, and
interests of the there are too many
interests. there are too many
viewer. empty spaces.
empty spaces.

Originality It incorporates It contains some

It contains some It contains
unique and unique and
unoriginal ideas. The plagiarized ideas.
pertinent ideas. The pertinent ideas. The
design elements did The design elements
design elements design elements did
not make the poster did not make the
make the poster not make the poster
stand out. poster stand out.
stand out. stand out.

Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an
exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for
their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.
 Reference:
Books
Abella, R. D. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. C & E Publishing, Inc.

Ramos, C. C. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Rex Book Store, Inc.

Caraan, A. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Diwa Learning Systems Inc.

Online
Florida State University. (n.d.). What is Philosophy? Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306.

Retrieved from: https://philosophy.fsu.edu/undergraduate-study/why-philosophy/What-is-Philosophy

Prepared by: Checked by:

Ronald Mark Barredo, LPT Jashil Nice C. Bartolome, LPT

Princess P. San Antonio, LPT Subject Lead Teacher, Social Science 11
Jeanimar S. Pinza, LPT Princess P. San Antonio, LPT
Charlene B. Bayot, LPT Subject Lead Teacher, Social Science 12
Josephine D.Alano, LPT
April Kae Magaoay, LPT
Lorelei V. Sobremonte, RPm,
Carlo V. Aquino, LPT
Mary Rose Cabodil, LPT
Kristina Leonidas
Subject Teachers

Approved by:
Mario S. Mecate, Ph.D.
AVP for Basic Education/Principal

Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an
exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for
their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.