Structural

Design
ABPL 90293
Concepts
STEEL and COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS
Construction Semester 2 - 2023
Detailing
Coordinator: Dr. Vidal Paton-Cole
Buildability

For:
Tutorial Questions - ALL TUTOTORIAL QUESTIONS MUST BE
Steel Frame
Building Systems
ATTEMPTED PRIOR TO THE WEEKLY TUTORIAL SESSION
Steel Portal Frames

Composite
Construction

Industrial Ground
Slabs

Piling Systems

Basement
Construction Systems

Tilt Slab Construction

Precast Concrete
Frame Buildings

Hybrid Construction
Systems

THIS COMPILATION OF STUDENT READING MATERIAL HAS BEEN MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PART VB OF THE COPYRIGHT ACT FOR THE TEACHING PURPOSES OF THE UNIVERSITY. FOR USE
ONLY BY THE STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE ENROLLED IN ABPL90293 STEEL and COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS
Tutorial 1 – Reading and Interpreting Steel Framed Drawings
IDENTIFYING SECTIONS AND DETAILS ON DRAWINGS T01 Tutorial 2 – Steel Structures: Drawings, Layout and Detailing

1. Refer to the Drawing Set entitled Proposed Development at 74 Doncaster Road, North Balwyn by
1. Refer to the Franklin East Crib Gantry to Metro Tunnel Drawing Set 18297 and describe the type the O’Neill Group Consulting Engineers & Managers, January 2000, and answer the following
of structure been proposed to be framed with steel structural elements. questions. What category are the welds – GP or SP? What does GP and SP stand for? Sketch a
6mm fillet weld. What is the throat thickness and leg length for a 6mm fillet weld?

2. What are the sizes of the bolts that have been nominated by the engineers? What strength 2. What are the sizes of the bolts used in this project? What are the diameters of the holes? What
grading is nominated for these bolts? Explain the bolt strength grading and any additional does 8.8/S indicate?
requirements.

3. Sketch the steel frame that consists of C2-RB1-CC1-RB6-C1-RB1 at Grid Line D. Provide sizes for all
3. Sketch the steel frame that consists of members on GRID LINE ‘E’, Section A. members.

4. Refer to Drawing Set, sketch a typical Column to Footing connection of external staircase steel 4. Sketch the arrangement of the wind truss between Grid Lines A and B. Identify all members of
frame. Describe all the components (member sizes, welds and bolts) of the Portal Column to pad the truss. Why are the straight member at Grid lines 2 and 3 (RB3) larger than the straight
footing connection. member at mid-point between 2 and 3 (BR2)? How are wind loads from the North transferred to
this wind truss?

5. Use the drawing set to understand the layout and section details in Details 3 and 7 on Drawing S5
to explain how the floor beams, floor joists and portal columns are connected. Describe all the 5. Understand the connection details given in 3759-S40?
components (member sizes, welds and bolts)

6. Refer to Drawing Set AISC:1 to AISC:3. Describe all the components (member sizes, welds and
6. Understand the connection details given in ‘Typical Column Brace Detail’ on Drawing S2. bolts) for the haunched knee in Detail A, Drawing AISC:3. What is the purpose of the two 16 thick
Explain the methodology of connection a CHS to a cleat or gusset plate. stiffeners?

7. Use the drawing set to understand the layout and section details in Detail 9 and Detail 13 on 7. Use the MSD roof framing plan drawings to understand the layout and section details in S520-
Drawing S6. S522 and other typical details in S554.

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Tutorial 3 – Steel Portal Frames (Drawings, layout and detailing) 11 Examine Detail D2 on Sheet AISC:3. Comment on the requirement for CPBW on the flanges
compared to the CFW SP on the web of column C1. Also discuss the requirement for CPBW for
Refer to the Drawing Set entitled Storage Building by the Australian Institute of Steel Construction and rafter R2.
attempt the following questions:

General Notes Students to use drawings from STEEL TEK and PAGE STEEL for further understanding.
1. What are the steel grades for the columns, rafters, SHS, and angles in the portal frame?

2. What is the size of bolts to be used in this structure? Determine the minimum tensile strength
of the bolt and method of bolting.

Member Schedule
3. Identify all the steel members for the portal frame along grid line C.

4. Identify all the steel members for the end frame along grid line A. Explain the purpose of
column C2 at grid lines 2, 3 and 4. How are these columns oriented?

Portal Frame
5. Identify the wind braces. Sketch the forces in each member of the north wind brace if the
prevailing wind is from the north. Why are there two different rod sizes for BR1 and BR2?

6. How are the wind forces transferred to the footings? See West Elevation on sheet AISC:2.

7. Examine how an internal frame on grid line C is drawn on Plan (Sheet AISC:1), and then shown
in Section-Typical Internal Frame on Sheet AISC:2, and then with expanded details A, B, C, D and
E, on Sheet AISC:3. Similarly with end frames.

Details
8. Examine the knee joint detail A/2 on sheet AISC:3. Clarify the notes “EX 410UB53.7, 6mm CFW
GP TO RAFTER, WELD 75 MISS 300 EACH SIDE”

9. Examine same knee detail. Clarify 6mm CFW SP each side to web versus 10mm CFW SP each
side to bottom flange. Discuss the gain in capacity of a 10mm FW versus a 6mm FW in terms of
volume of weld metal.

10 Examine same knew detail. Clarify the need for two 16 thk stiffeners in column C1. Discuss the
requirement for 5mm CFW GP each side of these stiffeners.

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Tutorial 4 – Composite Slab and Beam Details

Select suitable sections for the following primary and secondary beams (B2, B5, B25 and B9). Use the
table from the OneSteel catalogue

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Select suitable steel sections for the following beams:
• Secondary beam B23
• Primary beam B7

Select a suitable Bondek section to span across beams B21-23-25-27 assuming that the visual
appearance is NOT important. Detail all necessary reinforcements to comply with fire resistance and
negative bending requirements.

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Q2. Design example for a three span Bondek, slab spans = 3.0, 3.0, 3.0m. Q = 3.5 kPa, and
Gsdl = 1.0 kPa. Use interior span and end span tables (pg 25-33),

Determine the amount of negative reinforcement (in mm2/m) and fire reinforcement required for
90, 120 minutes:

Slab D Interior span End span

100 - - - -

- -
120 - - - -

- -
140 - - - -

- -
160 - - - -

- -
180 - - - -

- -

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Tutorial 5 – Ground Slab (Pour Layouts and Detailing)

You are required to propose the pour layout of the ground slab at a distribution centre with
dimensions of 100m x 50m as shown in Figure T2. Assume that the walls and roof have
been completed, and your task is now to work out the method and sequence for the
casting of the ground slab given the following constraints. The ground slab is 200mm thick
with a layer of F92 mesh placed 50mm from the top surface. Access is only via the two
roller doors shown at the bottom right of the plan.

Three proposed methods of construction are:

i. Long strip construction,
ii. Wide strip construction, and
iii. Large area construction.

Determine the size of each pour, and indicate the position of all construction joints, saw
cuts, and isolation joints. Estimate the widths of each joint after shrinkage of concrete.

Additional Information for the racking system:

Narrow aisle racks 1190mm wide x 2690 mm long centres: aisle width 1540mm.
Wide aisle racks 840mm x2 with 380mm gap = 2060mm wide x 2840mm long centres:
aisle width = 3070mm.
Post base dimension 140x100mm
Racks 8.0m high with half width racks on the perimeter walls.

Figure T04: Ground Floor Plan of a Distribution Centre (Source: Peter Ashford)

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Tutorial 6 – Piling System for Site retention and Detailing Tutorial 7 – Basement Construction (Single-Level Basement Works Sequencing)

Refer to the Drawing Set T06 for a proposed bulk excavation and retention plan and answer the Refer to the Drawing Set entitled Proposed Retail/Office Building at the corner of Whitehorse Road and
following questions. Weir Street, Balwyn.

1. Refer to Drawing No.3320-C3. Identify the extent of the bulk excavation by highlighting the ‘top
1. Refer to the Drawing Set 8045. What is the name of this site retention system and what method of batter’ and the ‘toe of batter’ on this drawing. Why is there a requirement for an earth drain at
of piling will be used? the two of the batter?

2. What are the sizes of the piles denoted P1 to P6. What is the spacing of these piles and how can 2. Indicate the extent of the boundary lines for this property, and comment on the ease of access
you explain the lack of ground anchors along grid line 1 and 9. and the movement of cranes and other equipment around the site.

3. Sketch a section through the southern basement wall, showing ground anchor arrangement, General Notes
capping beam, basement ground slab and shotcrete wall. Use Section 3, shown and near grid line 3. Refer to the Construction Sequence for Erection of Retaining Wall Panels on Drawing No.3320-C3.
5 to assist your sketch. Why are the precast panels along grid lines A5 and A7 much narrower compared to precast
panels at grid lines A1 to A4?

4. Sketch a typical section detail trough capping beam located along Grind Line 1 and 9.
4. Refer to Note 2. Why are bent out bars provided for the strip footing?

5. Understand the typical construction sequence for this solider pile anchored wall as shown on
Drawing S06. Provide a sketch for the 7 steps, showing the N.G.L and Basement depth, determine 5. Why are 2 props required per panel? Discuss how these props provide lateral support to the
the sequence and depth at which the ground anchors must be installed before excavation is precast wall. When can these props be removed? How to remove the 600x600x500D footings?
continued.

6. Describe the drainage detail behind the precast concrete wall. Why is this provided? What is ‘no-
6. Refer to the typical details in the same drawing set, provide a sketch and describe all the fines’ concrete? What is the function of the no-fines concrete?
components required in a typical section through the shotcrete wall between the piles. (pile sizes,
reinforcement types, dowel bars and any drainage components.)
7. Sketch the Basement Drainage detail and label all necessary components.

7. Use the drawing set to understand the section details at ground anchor locations. 8. Propose a casting sequence for the basement slab given the constraints of the large number of
props to the precast wall.

8. OUTSIDE THE TUTORIAL CLASS, STUDENTS TO USE DRAWING SET “UNDERSTANDING PILING &
SITE RETENTION DRAWINGS: S01 – S06” TO FURTHER THEIR UNDERSTANDING. READ THROUGH 9. How are the precast wall panels connected to each other?
NOTES IN DETAILED AND UNDERSTAND CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE MORE BROADLY (REFER S06)

10. OUTSIDE THE TUTORIAL CLASS, STUDENTS TO USE DRAWING SET “UNDERSTANDING BASEMENT
DRAWINGS: S01 – S06” TO INTERPRETE BASEMENT DRAWINGS. READ THROUGH NOTES AND
UNDERSTANDE BASEMENT CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE (REFER S06)

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Tutorial 8 – Basement Construction (Deep Basement Works Sequencing)

Refer to the Drawing Set entitled for the new Melbourne School of Design (our new building) at the
University of Melbourne.

1. Describe the vertical load and earth retention systems for the MSD building. Discuss the system
utilised by the designers given that the soil was moderately to extremely weathered
siltstone/sandstone. What are the sizes of the bored piles for this project? Discuss the
requirement for different sized piles.

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2. List the sequence of works for the installation of shotcrete panels between the bored piles.

Question – tension up ground anchor or shotcrete first?

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3. Discuss the requirement for ground anchors and sketch details for bored piles BP2 with a single
ground anchor.

4. List the sequence of works for the installation of ground anchors.

5. OUTSIDE THE TUTORIAL CLASS, STUDENTS TO USE DRAWING SET “UNDERSTANDING

BASEMENT DRAWINGS: S01 – S06” TO INTERPRETE BASEMENT DRAWINGS. READ THROUGH
NOTES AND UNDERSTANDE BASEMENT CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE (REFER S06)

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Tutorial 9: Tilt-up and Precast Concrete

1. Briefly explain some of the components that forms part of a tilt-up/precast panel. Especially
Ferrules, bracings, Lifting Anchors (face lift and edge), Shims.

Edge anchor before casting

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 Lifting from edge

2. Describe the basic differences between tilt-up panels and precast concrete wall panel when used
for warehouses and/or factory buildings.

3. Describe how tilt up panels are connected? How are the panels sealed and made watertight and the
function of the backing rod?

4. Use the warehouse development drawings on P139 to understand the panel mesh. How many
ferrules and face lifters and cast in plate do we have? What is the use of the 2 recesses given?

5. Use details on S21 for office development to interpret connection details.

6. Sketch the panel to pad footing connection and annotate all necessary components.
Advise why the engineer and contractor have opted to drill and epoxy the dowel bars?

7. Sketch the panel-to-panel connection and annotate all necessary components.

Discuss the geometry and profiling of the top and bottom of the meeting panels?

8. Students are to refer to tilt up sequence diagrams in online supplementary Tutorial

materials.

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Tutorial 10: Precast Framing (HollowCore)

STUDENTS TO USE PRECAST CONSTRUCTION DRAWING SET TO FURTHER THEIR UNDERSTANDING.

READ THROUGH DRAWING DETAILS TO DEVELOP CONNECTION DETAILS

1. Identify the key features of the following construction systems:

i. Transfloor
ii. Ultrafloor

2. The floor plan shown in Figure 7.1 shows a building with columns at a 13m x 8m grid. Suggest a
suitable structural layout using HollowCore Precast Beams and Planks assuming an imposed
floor live load of 3.0kPa.

(a) Sketch a suitable floor layout using HollowCore PC Internal Beams (inverted-T beams) and
PC edge beams to support Hollow Core planks.

(b) Select a suitable HollowCore plank from Figure 7.2. Indicate the location and orientation of
these planks clearly on the layout, and label the planks and beams accordingly.

(c) Select suitable PC Internal and Edge Beams from Figures 7.3a-d to support these planks.
Self-weight for the 205, 220, 300 and 400 HollowCore planks are 426, 503, 554 and
633 kg/m2, respectively. Ignore self-weight for these precast internal beams. Assume that
factored load is 1.2G + 1.5Q (i.e. 1.2 x Dead Loads + 1.5 x Imposed Loads).

(d) Sketch the column, beam, and HollowCore plank connection detail at grid location B-2.

(e) Suppose a precast concrete wall is to be constructed at grid line G at the end of the building.
Sketch and fully annotate typical details of the HollowCore plank to wall connection.

(f) Why is a structural screed often laid on top of HollowCore planks? Comment on the
concrete mix, bond to the planks, shear key and any other structural considerations.

Figure 7.1: Column Layout at First Floor Level

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 Figure 7.3a: 700 Wide Precast Internal Beam Load Span Chart

Note 1: Self-weight for the 205, 220, 300 and 400 HC planks are 426, 503, 554 and 633 kg/m2,
respectively.
Figure 7.3b: 900 Wide Precast Internal Beam Load Span Chart
Figure 7.2: Load Span Chart for Hollow Core Planks

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Figure 7.3c: 1200 Wide Precast Internal Beam Load Span Chart

Figure 7.3d: 600 Wide Precast Edge Beam Load Span Chart

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Tutorial 11: Hybrid Systems

1. Refer to the following figures and identify the distinct structural systems utilised. List the
advantages/disadvantages of the various systems.

(3)

(1)

(4)

(2)

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(5) (6)

(7) (8)

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2. Identify the key features of the following construction systems:
▪ AFS LOGICWALL
▪ BUBBLEDECK

3. Refer to AFS Logicwall Sample Drawings and answer the following questions.

a. Refer to S10 and S11 and explain how is the lift shaft constructed and connection to the AFS
wall? How is water exclusion dealt with at the base of the lift shaft?

b. Refer to Sheet S21, describe Type 1 AFS Wall (thickness, reinforcement, concrete grade).
c. Sheet S21, AFS WALL SCHEDULE, Type 1 AFS Wall, 200mm thick, N16-300 central
vertical reinforcement, N16-300 central horizontal reinforcement, concrete 40MPa.
d. For Type 1 AFS Wall, how should the N16-300 central horizontal reinforcement be
installed?

e. Sketch a typical edge AFS wall to slab connection detail.

f. Sketch a typical AFS wall “T” intersection detail.

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