GRAM POSITIVE GRAM NEGATIVE

Bacillus & clostridium: spore-forming Neisseria & Moraxella – only diplocci

Corynebacterium & Listeria: non-spore Treponema – spiral
forming

▪ Mycobacteria – weakly gram (+), ACID FAST STAIN

▪ Spirochetes - gram (-) DARKFIELD MICROSCOPY
▪ Mycoplasma – do NOT have a cell wall! (neither (+) or (-)
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
S. aureus – MC cause of acute Necrotizing pneumonia Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Grape like cluster Protein A – prevents Catalase (+)
endocarditis Pneumatocele Dicloxacillin Mannitol/salt agar: salt complement activation Coagulase (+)
SSSS (Ritter’s disease) Vancomycin tolerant Alpha toxin – skin necrosis &
(nares & skin) – s. granulosum, desmoglein Linezolid Gold color (staphyloxanthin) hemolysis
TSS Blood agar: beta haemolytic
Native TRICUSPID valve in drug users yellow or golden colonies
AGE Aureus na Gold, Moneytol, at
kain ng grapes.. BUHAY
mayaman!
S. epidermidis Prosthetic valve endocarditis Vancomycin Blood agar: Catalase (+)
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections Whitish Coagulase (-)
Non-hemolytic colonies Novobiocin sensitive

S. saprophyticus UTI TMP-SMX Catalase (+)

2nd MC UTI in sexually active Quinolones Coagulase (-)
women Novobiocin resisitant

STREPTOCOCCUS
S.pyogenes Impetigo Penicillin G Cocci in chains Hyaluronidase – cellulitis ASO titer (pharyngitis)
Erysipelas
Cellulitis
Lancefield Group A Exotoxin B –necrotizing Anti-DNAse B (skin)
Necrotizing fasciitis PYR test (+) fasciitis Anti-steptokinase
Scarlet fever Erythrogenic toxin – scarlet Dick test – scarlet fever
SSSS Pyogenic exotoxin A - SSSS
Acute rheumatic fever: JONES
Glomerulonephritis
Group B streptococcus ( S. Neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, Penicillin G Cocci in chains
agalactiae) meningitis, Pen G + Lancefield Group B
(vagina) UTI in pregnant women aminoglycoside CAMP test (+)
Endometritis (serious)
Penicillin or Hydrolyze hippurate
Ampicillin
(prophylaxis) – 4
hours prior deliverys
Group D Streptococci Marantic endocartis Penicillin + cocci in chains
(colon) (s. bovis) Gentamicin Lancefield Group D
Enterococcus Faecalis Endocarditis post-GIT surgery Vancomycin PYR test (+)
Streptococcus bovis Biliary tract infection Linezolid
UTI Hydrolyze esculin in bile-
esculin agar (BEA)
S. pneumonia MC cause of CAP Penicillin G Lancet shaped cocci in pairs Capsule – retards Rust-colored sputum
(upper resp tract) MC cause of otitis media & Levofloxacin/ Prominent polysaccharide phagocytosis Lobar pattern
meningitis Vancomycin + capsule IgA protease – colonization
Septic shock Ceftriaxone ( pen Quellung reaction (+) C-substance – reacts with CRP PREVENTION:
resistant) 23 polyvalent vaccine
Conjugated vaccine
Viridans streptococci S. mutans – dental caries
(oropharynx) S .sanguis – MC cause of SBE
S. intermedius – brain abscess

DISEASES
P. aeruginosa -pubic osteomyelitis in drug abusers
S. pyogenes – necrotizing fasciitis
C. perfringes – gas gangrene
GBS – neonatal pneumonia
L.monocytogenes – granulomatous infant
S. aureus – native endocarditis in IV drug users
S. epidermidis - Prosthetic valve endocarditis
S. pyogenes – rheumatic fever
S. sanguis of viridans – MC cause of SBE
Eikenella corrodens Kingella kingae - culture negative SBE in pre-existing heart disease
S. bovis of group D – marantic endocarditis, endocarditis post GI
E. Coli – MC cause of community acquired UTI
Staph aprophyticus – UTI in sexually active
GBS – UTI in pregnant women
Proteus – UTI assoc with nephrolithiasis, staghorn calculi
P. aeruginosa – 3rd MC cause of nosocomial UTI
Polyoma virus – UTI in immunocompromised (renal transplant)
Adenovirus -
Salmonella choleraesius – septicaemia common in sickle cell or cancer
S. aureus - SSSS
S. pyogenes – SSSS
P. aeruginosa - eccythema gangrenosum, febrile neutropenia: lymphoma/leukemia post chemo/ radiation
S. aureus – Ritter’s disease
B. pertussis - Tuspirina
L. pneumophilia - Pontiac fever
B. anthracis – Woolsorter’s disease
N. meningitides - Waterhouse Friedrichsen syndrome
N. gonorrhoea – Fitz-Hugh syndrome
Pseudominas – green nail syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, shanghai fever
Brucella abortus – Undulating fever (dairy products)
Borrelia Burgdorferi – LYME disease, Erythema chronicum migrans
Borrelia Recurrentis – relapsing fever
C. immitis – Valley Fever

MOST COMMON CAUSES!

S. aureus – MC cause of acute endocarditis, tricuspid valve endocarditis
S. sanguis – MC cause of SBE
S. bovis – marantic endocarditis
GBS – MC cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis & meningitis
E. coli - 2nd MC cause of Neonatal Meningitis
N. meningitidis – MC cause of meningitis among 2-18 years old
S. pneumonia - MC cause of CAP, MC cause of otitis media & meningitis
P. aeruginosa - MC cause of otitis externa, malignant otitis externa in diabetics, chronic suppurative otitis externa
H. influenza- MC cause of epiglottitis
C. jejuni - MC cause of bacterial gastroenteritis
Shigella sonnei duval bacillus - MC cause of bacillary dysentery
Shigella dysenteriae type 1 – shiga bacillus – MC cause of epidemic dysentery, MOST severe form of dysentery
E. Coli – MC cause of community acquired UTI
N. gonorrhoea – MC cause of urethritis, MC cause of PID, MC cause of septic arthritis in sexually active adults
C. trachomatis - MC cause of STD
Klebsiella pneumonia - MC cause of pneumonia among alcoholics
Yersinia Pestis – Most virulent bacteria
Borrelia Burgdorferi – LARGEST medically important bacteria

GASTROENTERITIS
S. aureus – 4 hours vomiting & diarrhea, salad with mayonanaise, preformed heat stable enterotoxin
B. cereus – 4 hours vomiting, 18 hours watery, nonbloody diarrhea (clostridial AGE-like)
C. perfringes – 8-16 hrs IP, cramps, watery diarrhea & little vomiting, resolves in 24 hrs
s. typhi - 12-48 hrs, n/v, nonbloody diarrhea & abdl pain 12-48 hrs
Shigella – 1-4 days, fever, abdominal cramps, watery-bloody diarrhea, resolves 2-3 days
E. coli – traveler’s diarrhea
G. lamblia – backpacker’s diarrhea
V. cholera – rice, watery stool

PNEUMONIA
GBS – MC cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis & meningitis
S. aureus – necrotizing pneumonia, pneumatocele
Klebsiella – necrotizing pneumonia, kurrent jelly sputum, MC cause among alkoholics
S. pneumonia – rust colored sputum, lobar pattern
M. pneumonia - MC type of Atypical Pneumonia, walking pneumonia , MC infectious cause of SJS
Legionella pneumophila - atypical pneumonia acc. by confusion, nonbloody diarrhea, hyponatremia, proteinuria, hematuria, exposure to air condition
Chlamydia pneumonia – atypical pneumonia, associated atherosclerosis
Chlamydia trachomatis – neonatal pneumonia, late-onset (2-4 weeks), staccato cough (paroxysmal cough), striking tachypnea, absence of fever, eosinophilia
Chlamydia psitacci – sudden onset of pneumonia with malaise, fever, sorethroat, photophobia, & severe headache, after bird exposure
P.aeruginosa - ventilator-acquired pneumonia, high-risk CAP: cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis
Blastomyces Dermatitidis – MC cause of fungal pneumonia (chronic pneumonia)
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis – chronic pneumonia
P. jirovecii - Diffuse interstitial pneumonia with ground glass infiltrates

Leptospira – snow flake lesion on CXR

MENINGITIS
C. immitis – meningitis

ANTIBIOTICS
Penicillin N. meningitides, S. pyogenes, S. pneumonia, GBS (+Aminoglycoside), T. pallidum, leptospira
Ampicillin L. monocytogenes, C. diphtheria pray(ampo) deep & solo!
Ceftriaxone N. gonorrhoea, H. influenza (Gonna influence the 3?)
Tetracycline Chlamydia (clam with tetra pods?)
Doxycycline Borellia burgdorferi, Brucella abortus, Rickettsia
Macrolides Chlamydia, Legionella, Mycoplasma
Vancomycin S. epidermidis , MRSA
Streptomycin Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis
Azithromycin M. avium
Albendazole Ascaris
Mebendazole Trichuris (teacher, asked me to BEND? )
Thiabendazole Capillaria, trichinella (Kapila mgpalit ug tsinelas si THIA?)
Metronidazole B. fragilis ,C. difficile C. tetani, ,E. histolytica ,G. lamblia, T. vaginalis
Praziquantel Schistosomiasis (praise thy snail)
DEC Filariasis(wucheria/Brugia)
Ivermectin Onchocerca volvulus, stronglyloides (strong to oppose despite her cancer, EVERMIRIAM )
Nitazoxamide C. parvum
Nifurtimox T. cruzi (cross to timog)
Suramine + Metarsoprol T. brucei
Gambiense
Rhodensei
TMP-SMX P. jiroveci
Nocardia

CONGENITAL
SYPHILIS Hutchinson triad: Hutchinson teeth, deafness, keratitis
Higoumenaki sign ( unilateral enlargement of the sternoclavicular portion of the
clavicle )
Clutton’s joints (synovitis)
Rhagades (angle of mouth)
Mulberry molars
Snuffles/saddle nose
RUBELLA
Bobo Mental retardation
Bulag Cataracts
Bingi Sensorineural deafness
Butas ang puso PDA
Blue berry muffin syndrome Blue berry muffin baby

GRAM-POSITIVE RODS
B. anthracis Cutaneous: malignant pustule, central Ciprofloxacin Medusa head morphology Edema factor (EF)
(soil) necrosis Box-car like rods Lethal factor (LF)
inhalational: massively enlarged Aerobic Protective antigen (PA)
mediastinal LN Spore forming
GI anthrax Non-motile
Woolsorter’s disease
B. cereus Chinese fried rice syndrome Symptomatic tx Aerobic Heat-labile toxin (cholera-like)
Emetic Vancomycin, Clindamycin, Spore forming Heat-stable toxin (staphy-like)
Diarrheal Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin - for Motile
Opthalmitis – ↓light perception 48 hrs opthalmitis
C. tetani Tetanus Metronidazole Anaerobic Tetanospasmin – release
(soil) X Penicillin - ↓ glycine activity Terminal spore (Tennis racket) glycine from renshaw cells
C. botulinum Food-borne botulinum Metronidazole Anaerobic Heat-labile neurotoxin
(soil) Floppy baby syndrome (flaccid paralysis- Penicillin Spore forming Toxins A. B, E
descending)
Wound botulinum
C. perfringes Gas gangrene Penicillin Anaerobic Alpha toxin- gAs gangrene,
(soil & human colon) Food poisoning Spore-forming rods lecithinase that cleaves cell
Double hemolysis on blood agar membrane
Growth on egg-yolk agar Enterotoxin – food poison
Non-motile but rapidly spreading
growth
C. difficile Pseudomembranous colitis Metronidazole Anaerobic Exotoxins A & B – inhibits ELISA
▪ clindamycin Vancomycin Spore-forming rods GTPases → apoptosis – detects
▪ 2nd & 3rd gen cephalosporin exotoxin in stool
▪ ampicillin by cytopathic
effect (final
phase)
C. diptheriae Pseudomembranous pharyngitis Penicillin Club or comma shaped Elongation factor 2 (EF-2) Elek test
(human throat) Myocarditis Non-motile ▪ subunit A (ADP-ribosylating)
Chinese characters ▪ subunit B (B-prophage)
Babes-Ernst granules/volutin
granules
Black colonies on tellurite plate
L. monocytogenes Granulomatosis infantiseptica Ampicillin +/- Gentamicin Aerobic Internalin (E-cadherin)
non-spore forming Listeriolysin (phagosome)
Unpasteurized milk V or L-shape arrangement Actin rockets
products Tumbling motility
Cold enhancement

GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI

N. meningitides Meningitis – MC cause
(URT) among 2-18 yo
Close quarters! Meningococcemia – with
petechial rash
Waterhouse Friedrichsen
syndrome – with adrenal
insufficiency
N. gonorrhoea Ophthalmia neonatorum
(genital tract) MC cause of urethritis
MC cause of PID
Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome:
violin string adhesions
MC cause of septic arthritis
in sexually active adults
Penicillin G
Ceftriaxone + Doxycycline (co-
infection with c. trachomatis)
Erythromycin or silver nitrate
(conjunctivitis)
Kidney bean diploccoccii
Chocolate agar: oxidase
postitive
Ferments maltose & glucose
Thayer- Martin Medium
Ferment glucose only
Antiphagocytic polysaccharide Polysaccharide strains A,C, Y & W-
capsule 135
Endotoxin (LPS) Rifampin chemoprophylaxis
IgA protease
Late acting complement (C6-
C9) – cannot form MAC
Insignificant capsule
LOS
Pili
IgA protease
Late acting complement (C6-
C9) – cannot form MAC

HACEK
Haemophilus aphrophilus
Actinobacillus actinomycetecomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella kingae

GRAM-NEGATIVE RODS – RESPIRATORY TRACT

H. influenza
MC cause of epiglottitis
(Upper resp tract)
B. pertussis
(upper resp tract)
Legionella pneumophilia
(envt water sources)
Sinusitis, otitis media,
pneumonia ,
Epiglottitis – cherry red,
thumb/leaf sign
COPD exacerbations
Whooping cough (Tuspirina)
Atypical pneumonia – acc. by
confusion, nonbloody
diarrhea, hyponatremia,
proteinuria, hematuria
Pontiac fever
Ceftriaxone Coccobacillary rods
Requires Factor X (hemin) &
V (NAD) for growth
Satellite phenomenon –
around S. aureus
Erythromycin Bordet-Gengoc agar or
Regan-Lowe charcoal
medium
Azithromycin Poorly gram (-) rods
Erythromycin Facultative intracellular
Charcoal yeast extract agar
Type B (polyribitol Hib vaccine: type B capsular
phosphate) – 95% invasive s polysaccharide- bet 2 & 18
IgA protease months of age
Filamentous hemagglutinin Acellular vaccine (DTaP)
(attachment)
Pertussis toxin (ADP Catarrhal stage – BEST time
ribosylation) for culture (highest yield)
False adenylate cyclase (↓
phagocytic activity)
Tracheal cytotoxin
(whooping)
Endotoxin – SOLE virulence Rapid urinary antigen test
factor Silver stain
Replicates intracellularly
↓ phagolysosome

GRAM-NEGATIVE RODS
E. coli UTI Ampicillin Facultative rod HST & HLT toxin – watery
MC cause of community 2nd MC cause of Neonatal Sulfonamides Lactose-fermenting colonies on diarrhea
acquired UTI Meningitis 3rd gen cephalosporin – EMB or McConkey agar Verotoxin (shiga-like) –
(human colon) Traveller’s diarrhea meningitis Green sheen on EMB agar bloody diarrhea
Metallic sheen
TSI agar: acid slant & acid butt
(-) H2S
O & H antigens
Salmonella Enterocolitis – n/v, Ceftriaxone Non-lactose fermenting Vi capsular antigen – typhoid Widal test – antibodies
S. typhi nonbloody diarrhea & abdl Ciprofloxacin Produces H2S S. typhi vaccine
S. enteritidis pain 12-48 hrs Philippines: Amoxicillin, XLD (xylose lysine deoxycholate)
Typhoid fever – 5-21 days Chloramphenicol, medium
(human colon) Septicemia - common in Trimoxazole
sickle cell anemia or cancer
Salmonella Cerebritis
Shigella Bacillary dysentery Ciprofloxacin Non-lactose fermenting Enterotoxin (Shiga toxin)
MC cause of bacillary Produce no gas from glucose
dysentery fermentation
(human colon) Do not produce H2S
Nonmotile
Have 0 antigenN
Cultured in XLD medium
Vibrio Cholera – rice watery stool Tetracycline Comma shaped rod Enterotoxin (chloragen) –
V. cholera 01 biotype El Tor – Wound infection Azithromycin Motile ADP ribosylation
pandemic Oxidase (+) Mucinase
V. cholera (human colon) Minocycline + Thiosulfate citrate bile salts
V. parahaemolyticus (raw Fluoroquinolones sucrose (TCBS) agar culture
seafood) Shooting star motility
V. vulnificus (raw shellfish)
C. jejuni MC cause of bacterial Erythromycin Comma-shaped
gastroenteritis Microaerophilic
GBS Skirrow’s agar
Reiter’s syndrome (urethritis,
uveitis, conjunctivitis)
H. pylori PUD Triple or quadruple therapy Curved
Gastric Ca Metro Microaerophilic
MALT lymphoma Clari Urease positive
Tetracycline
PPI
K. pneumonia Necrotizing pneumonia : Cephalosporins LARGE polysaccharide capsule
(upper resp & GIT) thick bloody sputum (currant Aminoglycosides ESBL (extended spectrum beata-
jelly) (culture guided) lactamase) activity in drug
MC cause of pneumonia resistant strains
among alcoholics Urease positive
UTI
Proteus mirabilis UTI assoc with nephrolithiasis TMP-SMX Facultative rod
Staghorn calculi Ampicillin Swarming motility
Struvite stones (MAP) Urease positive
P. aeruginosa Skin & soft tissue infection Anti-pseudomonal penicillin Obligate aerobe Endotoxin
(water) Hot tub folliculitis 3rd & 4th gen cephalosporin Pyocanin-blue green pigment Exotoxin A – tissue necrosis
Burn wound infection Sweet grape-like odor & type III secretion system
Skin-graft loss Cetrimide agar Pyocanin – damage cilia &
Green nail syndrome mucosal cells
Bone & cartilage infections: Verdoglobin
 puncture wound
osteomyelitis
Pubic osteomyelitis in drug
abusers
MC cause of otitis externa,
malignant otitis externa in
diabetics, chronic
suppurative otitis externa
Pneumonia: ventilator-
acquired
High-risk CAP: cystic fibrosis,
bronchiectasis
GI: necrotizing enterocolitis,
shanghai fever, peritonitis
undergoing peritoneal
dialysis
Nosocomial UTI
Sepsis: eccythema
gangrenosum, febrile
neutropenia: post chemo
B. fragilis Bowel trauma, perforation or Metronidazole LPS with low endotoxic
(predominant anaerobe of surgery Clindamycin activity
human colon) Abdominal abscess Cefoxitin Capsule ( antiphagocytic
Peritonitis /anticomplement)
Cerebral abscess
Foul-smelling discharge
Short chain fatty acid
products

ZOONOSES
Brucella abortus Undulating fever Doxycycline + Rifampicin Small gram (-) rod without
(dairy product) - cow capsule
Francisella tularensis Ticks (Dermatocentor), aerosols, Streptomycin Small gram (-) rod
(rabbit, deer, rodents) contact, ingestion Gentamicin
Yersinia Pestis Bubonic plague Streptomycin Small gram (-) rod with bipolar
(rodents) –rat Pneumonic Tetracycline (safety pin) staining
Septicemic
Pasteurella multicida Animal bites Penicillin G Short, encapsulated gram (-) rod
(cat) Osteomyelitis With bipolar staining

MYCOBACTERIUM
M. Tuberculosis PTB
(human lungs) Miliary TB
Scrofula
Pott’s disease
GI (ileocecal)
Primary complex (Ghon’s
complex) – middle or lower lobes
Reactivation TB – Simon’s
focus(apical)
M. avium Pulmonary disease in
immunocompromised host
CD<50
M. leprae Tuberculoid leprosy
(mouse footpad/ armadillo) Lepromatous leprosy – leonine
facie,
erythema nodosum leprosum
ACTINOMYCES
Actinomyces israelli Sinus tract hard, nontender
(normal oral flora) swelling draining sulfur granules
Nocardia asteroids Mycetomas
(soil) Lung & Brain abscess
MYCOPLASMA
M pneumoniae Walking pneumonia – MC type of
(human resp tract) Atypical Pneumonia
Steven Johnson syndrome (MC
infectious cause)
HRZES Aerobic, acid-fast rods (ZIehl- Exported repetitive protein
Neelsen) Or KInyuon (sulfatides) – prevents
High lipid content: mycolic acids phagosome-lysosome fusion
& wax D Cord factor – MOST important
Produces catalase & niacin virulence factor
Slow growing on Lowenstein-
Jensen medium
Luciferase assay for drug
resistance
Dapson + Rifampin Aerobic, acid-fast rods
Dapson + Rifampin + Clofazamine Can’t be cultured in vitro
Thalidomide
Penicillin G + drainage Anaerobe
TMP-SMX Aerobic, Filamentous gram (+)
rods with aerial hyphae
Weakly acid fast
Fite-Faraco stain
Erythromycin Smallest free living organism
Azithromycin Not seen on Gram Stain
Only bacteria with cholesterol in
cell membrane
Cultured in Eaton’s medium
SPIROCHETES -
Treponema pallidum
(human genital tract)
Borrelia Burgdorferi
(white footed mouse & deer)
MOT: deer ticks bite
(Ixodes scapularis)
Borrelia Recurrentis
MOT: human body louse
(Pediculus humanus)
Leptospira Interrogans
(wild & domestic animal)
MOT: animal urine
IP: 2-20 days
1 Syphilis - chancre
2 Syphilis – condyloma latwo!
3 syphilis – gumma3, tabes
dorsalis, dementia paralytica
Congenital syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
(influenza like symptoms after
penicillin intake)
LYME disease
Stages
1. Erythema chronicum migrans
2. Myocarditis (heart block),
Meningitis, Bell’s palsy
3. Autoimmune migratory
polyarthritis (onion skin lesion)
Acrodermatitis chronica
atrophicans,
Relapsing fever
Acute leptospiremic phase – calf
tenderness & conjunctival
suffusion
Immune leptospiremic phase –
aseptic meningitis, pulmo,
hepatic necrosis, GN
Weil’s syndrome: jaundice
(orange cast skin) , bleeding,
uremia, MOST severe form
Massive pulmonary
haemorrhage! – MC cause
ofdeath
Penicillin G Coiled spirochete
Too thin
(NOT seen on gram stain)
Cannot be cultured in vitro
(lacks Krebs cycle)
Microaeropholic
EARLY Weakly staining spirochetes
Doxycycline (DOC) LARGEST medically important
Amoxicillin bacteria
Cefuroxime Stain well with aniline dyes
(Giemsa or Wright stain)
LATE Cultured on BSK medium
IV penicillin/Ceftriaxone – late
Tetracycline ------
Erythromycin
Penicillin G Thin, coiled spirochete
Hook at one or both ends
(shepherds crook)
Obligate aerobe
10 syphilis
Dark field microscopy
20 syphilis
RPR/VLDR (screening)
FTA-ABS (confirmatory) –
absolute! Earliest positive, most
specific, remains positive longest
Microscopy
LeptoMAT (microscopic
agglutination test) – GOLD
standard
EMJH – after 2 weeks incubation
Doxycycline chemoprophylaxis
CHLAMYDIA
C. trachomatis
C. pneumonia
C. psitacci
RICKETTSIAE
RMSF
Ricketsial pox
MISCELLANEOUS BACTERIA
Bartonella henselae
Cat bite or scratch
Erlichia Chaffeensis
Dog tick (Dermacentor)
Gardnella Vaginalis
Haemophilus Ducreyi
Yersinia Enterocolitica
Domestic animals (oral-fecal route)
Klebsiella Granulomatis
FUNGI
CUTANEOUS MYCOSES
Dermatophytoses
Malassezia furfur
Sporothrix Schenckii
Thorn pick ( rose garderner)
Trachoma (types A-C) – conjunctivitis Azithromycin – STD Halberstadter-Prowazek inclusion (seen
MC cause of STD (Types D-K) Eryrthromycin – conjunctivitis in trachoma)
Neonatal pneumonia (Types D-K) Doxycyline – LGV
LGV (Types L1-L3)
Atypical pneumonia, assoc with
atherosclerosis
Bird fancier’s disease Azithromycin
Cat-scratch fever Gram (-) rod
Bacillary angiomatosis
Forms morulae in cytoplasm of
monocytes
Bacterial vaginosis Whiff test: fishy odor
Clue cells
Facultative gram-variable rod
Chancroid (painful genital ulcer) Small gram (-) rod
Chocolate agar: heme (factor 10)
Mesenteric Adenitis Gram (-) rods
(pseudoappendicitis)
Donovanosis Azithromycin Encapsulated, pleomorphic gram (-)
Pseudobubo bacillus
Beefy red ulcer (painless) Donovan bodies (bipolar densities) look
like closed safety pins
Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) Local antifungal creams 10% KOH: septate hyphae
TInea unguim Keep skin dry Sabouraud’s agar: hyphae & conida
Tinea corporis Green fluorescence on Wood’s lamp
Tinea cruris
Tinea manum
TInea capitis
Tinea barbae (facial hair)
Tinea versicolor (An-An) Miconazole Spaghetti or meatball appearance on
10% KOH
Sporotrichosis Itraconazole Dimorphic fungus that lives on
Potassium iodide vegetation
SYSTEMIC MYCOSES
Coccidiodes immitis Valley Fever Ampothericin B Dimorphic fungus
Desert Mumps )erythema nodosum) Itraconazole
Mold in soil Influenza like illness Fluconazole – for meningitis
Inhalation of arthrospores Lung infiltrates, adenopathy or effusions
Latin America & Southwester USA Arthralgias
Meningitis
Histoplasma capsulatum Closely mimics Tuberculosis! Ampothericin B Dimorphic fungus
Chronic Pneumonia Itraconazole Asexual spores:
Soil contaminated with bird droppings Erythema nodosum Fluconazole – for meningitis Tuberculate macronidia
Starlings or bat guano Tongue ulceration in AIDS patiens Micronidia
Ohio & Mississippi River valleys
Blastomyces dermatitidis MC cause of fungal oneumonia Itraconazole (DOC) Round yeast with broad based bud
(chronic pneumonia) Ampothericin B
Eastern North America (ohio & Missippi) Ulcerated granulomas
Lytic bone lesions
Prostatitis
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis Chronic pneumonia Itraconazole (DOC) Captain’s wheel (multiple buds in wheel
Painful ulcers on mouth & nose configuration)

OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES
Candida albicans
Normal flora of URT, GIT, FGUT
Cryptococcus Neoformans
Soil (pigeon droppings)
Aspergillus Fumigatus
Molds (nature)
Rhizopus Oryzae & Mucosa
P. jiroveci
Oral thrush Nystatin swish & swallow Oval yeast with single bud or
Vulvovaginits (curf-like discharge) Clotrimoxazole (skin infection) pseudohyphae
Skin infection (satellite lesions) Ampothericin B (disseminated Form germ tubes in serum & chlamydo-
Onychomycosis candidiasis) spores in culture
Pseudomembranous esophagitis Fluconazole (chemoprophylaxis)
Subcutaneous nodules
Right sided endocarditis
Asymptomatic lung infection Ampothericin B & FLucytosine India ink
Meningitis CALAS (+) latex agglutination test
Encephalitis
Fungus ball in lung cavities Ampothericin B V-shaped (dichotomous) branches
ABPA (allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis)
Infections: wound, burns, cornea,
external ear, sinuses
Rhino-orbital-cerebral infection with
eschar formation
DKA, burn & leukemia
MC AIDs defining illness (<200) TMP-SMX Indeterminate organism
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia with Programmed rearrangement
ground glass infiltrates