Lumayao Integrated School

San Quintin, Pangasinan.

S.Y. 2022-2023

“IMPACTS OF PEER PRESSURE ON VAPE SMOKING AMONG GRADE 11

STUDENTS OF LUMAYAO INTEGRATED SCHOOL”

A Research Paper Presented by 11- GAS students of the Senior High

School Department of Lumayao Integrated School

In partial fulfillment of the Requirements in Practical Research

1

Prepared and submitted by:

Ramos, Realyn Rose R.

Distor, Leonard
Dumayas, Russel
Quisias , John Rey
Dorado, Roldan T.
 ENDORSEMENT SHEET

The Research entitled:

“IMPACT OF PEER PRESSURE ON VAPE SMOKING AMONG SENIOR

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF LUMAYAO INTEGRATED SCHOOL”

Prepared and submitted by:

Ramos, Realyn Rose R.

Distor, Leonard
Dumayas, Russel
Quisias , John Rey
Dorado, Roldan T.

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) of Senior High School

has been examined and is endorsed for Oral Examination.

JIM LLOYD F. SALVADOR JEROME A. GIRON

Research Adviser OIC, SHS Asst. Principal

GERLYN C. BANGIS, PhD

School Principal I
 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1. Academic Track General Academic Strand

(GAS) of Senior High School, the Research entitled:

“IMPACT OF PEER PRESSURE ON VAPE SMOKING AMONG SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTS”

Prepared and submitted by:

Ramos, Realyn Rose R.

Distor, Leonard
Dumayas, Russel
Quisias , John Rey
Dorado, Roldan T.

Oral Defense conducted on _________ with a grade of ____.

JEROME A. GIRON RODORA ASUNCION DAISILYN C. LUI

Research Panelist Research
Panelist Research Panelist

JIM LLOYD F. SALVADOR JEROME A. GIRON

Research Adviser OIC, SHS Asst. Principal

GERLYN C. BANGIS, PhD

School Principal I
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………i

Endorsement Sheet …………………………………………………………………………………………………ii

Approval Sheet…………………………………………………………………………………………………………iii

Foreword…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………iv

Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………………………………………………………v

Dedication …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………vi

Table of contents…………………………………………………………………………………………………vii

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGOUND

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1

Background of the Study ………………………………………………………………………………………2

Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………………………………………4

Objective of the Study …………………………………………………………………………………………6

Significance of the Study …………………………………………………………………………………7

Scope and Delimitations of the Study………………………………………………………8

Definition of terms …………………………………………………………………………………………………9

CHAPTER II -REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature ………………………………………………………………………………………………10

Foreign Studies ………………………………………………………………………………………………………11

Locale Studies …………………………………………………………………………………………………………12

Locale literature …………………………………………………………………………………………………12

Synthesis ………………………………………………………………………………………………………12

CHAPTER III- RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLODY

Research Methodology …………………………………………………………………………………………13

Research Locale ……………………………………………………………………………………………13

Respondents of the Study ………………………………………………………………………………13

 APPENDICES

Curriculum Vitae ……………………………………………………………………………………………

Appendix A ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Appendix B ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Letter of Request …………………………………………………………………………………………

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all we are so thankful and grateful to our

Almighty God for giving us strength, wisdom and knowledge to
do our Research. And of course to our Research teacher and
adviser Mr. Jim Lloyd F. Salvador for teaching us how to do
our research and helped us what we do. We are so thankful
sir because you are always with us to do our research, thank
you for motivating and encouraging us always that we can do
it even do we are experiencing difficulty in doing our
research.

To my fellow classmates, group mates I just want to say

thank you also because of you classmates/groupmates we did
it. Thank you for your participation, cooperation and of
course for listening to me as your leader and of course I
just want to say thank you also for the respondent because
without you this research wouldn’t work. We are thankful and
grateful to all of you our dear respondents.

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
 Vape smoking or e-cigarette use has been linked to the
emergence of a severe lung disease. The largest users of
vapes or e-cigarettes are among teens and young adults.
A new study points out that schools play a major role in the
sudden surge of e-cigarette use among teens.

Vaping or e-cigarettes first hit the market in 2007,

which was promoted among adults as a safer alternative to
cigarette smoking. However, with the lax regulations of e-
cigarette use had teens using the device, and becoming
addicted to nicotine, which is one of the components of
vapes.

Between 2017 and 2018, the number of high school

students using e-cigarettes nearly doubled. The Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that the use of
vapes or e-cigarette products among teens and young adults
is unsafe because these contain nicotine and other
potentially harmful ingredients. Nicotine is highly
addictive and can cause problems in the brain development of
adolescents.

Since schools served as a battleground to teen vaping,

they should be the first ones to impose preventive measures,
considering the surge of lung disease related to e-cigarette
use. If schools impose strict policies on vaping, students
will not use these devices. Schools regulate access to these
devices, so if they discourage the use of nicotine products,
the students will not use them.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 The main purpose of this study is to determine the

impact of peer pressure on vape smoking among senior high

school students in Lumayao Integrated School.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following

questions:

1. What are the perceptions of students in using e-

cigarette or vape smoking?

2. Determine the extent of using e-cigarette or vape

smoking.

3. What is/are the impact of peer pressure on vape smoking

in terms of:

a) Academic Performance

b) Personal Behavior

c) Time for social and personal life.

4. What is/are the impact of peer pressure on vape

smoking?
 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study aims to determine the impact of peer

pressure on vape smoking among senior high school students
in Lumayao Integrated School.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study is to know the possible

effects of poverty to the studies and due to the lack of
resources available to the students’ success. This study
surely identifies some of the essential factors existing in
the various level as they influence students in their
academic performance and it will give solutions on how to
improve the students’ performance. Because Educators are now
facing a huge population of students who are malnourished,
have poor hygiene skills, and little to no parental
involvement in their child’s development and education.
 CHAPTER II

RELATED REVIEW LITERATURE

Cigarette smoking has major health and social

consequences, and it reduces the educational performance of
students. This systematic review and meta-analysis,
therefore, was conducted to assess the pooled prevalence of
cigarette smoking and its association with peer pressure
among high school and university students in Ethiopia.

Accordingly, the pooled prevalence of cigarette smoking

among Ethiopian high school and university students was
15.92%. This finding is lower than a study conducted among
students in South Africa which reported a prevalence of
16.9%. Conversely, the current reported pooled prevalence of
cigarette smoking was higher than a study conducted among
government and private schools and college students in
Bengaluru, India (12.8%) and amongst university students in
Iran (13.8%).

In this review, the pooled prevalence of cigarette

smoking was lower than a study finding observed among Kenyan
secondary school students (38.6%) and Cameroon university
students (93.1%). In addition, our finding was slightly
lower than a study conducted among high school students in
Shiraz- Iran (19.7%). This might be due to the difference
between sample size and socio-demographic nature of the two
study populations. There is also cultural variation among
the study communities. Moreover, the higher prevalence of
cigarette smoking in the current study could be due to the
dominance of male participants as evidence suggests that
males tend towards different types of substance abuse than
females.

Similarly, the current pooled prevalence of cigarette

smoking is also lower than a systematic review conducted in
Africa and the Middle East. This variation might be due to
the differences in the study period and sample size between
these two studies. In addition, the previous review was
conducted only among university students, while the current
review included both high school and university students.

The current review also considered subgroup analysis to

appreciate the variability or heterogenic characteristics of
the included studies. Accordingly, a higher prevalence was
observed among university students (17.35%) than high school
students (12.77%). This could be because most high school
students live with their families which may limit them from
cigarette smoking because of parental control. Additionally,
in most cases, students during their high school time live
with families and that may not encourage smoking cigarette.
On the contrary, when they join to the university, almost
all students become independent of their family supervision.
This independency and pressure from their friends increases
the proportion of students who smokes cigarette. Educational
institutions can be a challenging environment and everyone
copes with stress in different ways. Moreover, as students
enter to university, they start a new life away from their
families in a different and strange environment which can
contribute to their behavior or involvement in substance
abuse like cigarette smoking. Evidence also supports that as
the level of education increase, the proportion of smoking
increases.

A subgroup analysis by regions of the country also

showed a higher prevalence of cigarette smoking among
universities in other category (i.e., Harar region, Somalia
region and Oromia region). This finding might be due to
typical local practices of substances like cigarette and
khat in these regions. Therefore, the government, school
management, local communities and other concerned bodies
need to implement school-based intervention programs in
order to reduce the pooled prevalence of cigarette smoking.

Students who felt peer pressure were more likely to

smoke cigarette than those who had no peer pressure. This
finding was similar to a study conducted in Kenyan students
and Shiraz- Iran where peer pressure was found to have a
significant (positive) effect on the likelihood of cigarette
smoking. Peer group pressure is widely known as a decisive
factor which affects the early onset of experimentation with
tobacco and the individual’s subsequent willingness to
continue smoking. Similarly, other systematic reviews state
the most common factors influencing students’ smoking status
was having smoker friends. Therefore, the school management
needs to implement youth association focusing on counseling
and rehabilitation service for to seize students already
practicing smoking and also those who are not practicing yet
now.
 Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, or vaping, in the
United States and worldwide is increasing. Their use is highly
controversial from scientific, political, financial,
psychological, and sociological ideologies. Given the
controversial nature of e-cigarettes and vaping, how should
medical care providers advise their patients? To effectively face
this new challenge, health care professionals need to become more
familiar with the existing literature concerning e-cigarettes and
vaping, especially the scientific literature.

Thus, the aim of this article is to present a review of the

scientific evidence-based primary literature concerning
electronic cigarettes and vaping. A search of the most current
literature using the pubmed database dating back to 2008, and
using electronic cigarette(s) or e-cigarette(s) as key words,
yielded a total of 66 highly relevant articles. These articles
primarily deal with (1) consumer-based surveys regarding personal
views on vaping, (2) chemical analysis of e-cigarette cartridges,
solutions, and mist, (3) nicotine content, delivery, and
pharmacokinetics, and (4) clinical and physiological studies
investigating the effects of acute vaping. When compared to the
effects of smoking, the scant available literature suggests that
vaping could be a “harm reduction” alternative to smoking and a
possible means for smoking cessation, at least to the same degree
as other Food and Drug

Administration-approved nicotine replacement therapies.

However, it is unclear if vaping e-cigarettes will reduce or
increase nicotine addiction. It is obvious that more rigorous
investigations of the acute and long-term health effects of
vaping are required to establish the safety and efficacy of these
devices; especially parallel experiments comparing the
cardiopulmonary effects of vaping to smoking. Only then will the
medical community be able to adequately meet the new challenge e-
cigarettes and vaping present to clinical medicine and public
health.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and

studies after the thorough and in-depth search done by the
researchers. This will also present the synthesis of the
art, theoretical and conceptual framework to fully
understand the research to be done and lastly the definition
of terms for better comprehension of the study.

CONCEPTUAL/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A lot of research work conducted on the poor

performance of students at the basic school in L.I.S
revealed challenges that resulted in poor performance of
students. While some researchers blamed the poor performance
on lack of learning materials, heavy chores at home, lack of
support from the home, lack of job of their parents, some
students they didn’t participate to the activities in school
because they lack of resources or they have no money so that
the students affect their performance in the class.
According to Harris(2006) complex web of social
relationships student experience with peers, adults in the
school and family members exerts a much greater influence on
their academic performance. This process starts with student
core relationship with parents or primary caregivers in
their lives, which form a personality that is either secure
and attached or insecure and unattached. Securely attached
children perform better in school (Bali, Granger, Kivlighan,
Mills-Koonce,Willongby & Greenberg, 2008).
 SYNTHESIS

Poverty affects a lot of children at their academic

performance as it is a big socioeconomic problem in the
whole world. Poverty is evident through-out the world as it
affects people at any age. Education is the one of the
possible solutions that can overcome poverty, with proper
education a person can find a good opportunities to help
themselves to search for a good job, but because of poverty
students experiencing a hard time to do their tasks and
school works, some of the students doesn’t even have a daily
allowance and food to support them while studying, so some
of them have difficulty at maintaining their academic
performance. Poverty affects people both physically and
psychologically. It affects people’s health, the way they
interact at each other and how they react with things. The
individual is seen as having a choice in an era of
globalization.

The opportunity to shape one’s path with regard to

education suggests the need to enhance particular forms of
social capital that might bridge young people into
experiencing and hence valuing education. This approach
recognizes the importance of appropriately developed and
culturally embedded mentoring programs in order to provide
opportunities for broadening networks of influence for young
people. Globalization has had an impact on the way families
and communities living in poverty experience life and
particular neighborhoods with a lack of employment and
effective public services, low levels of bridging social
capital, lack of role models for young people, forms of
discrimination that are likely to impact on self-esteem and
a lack of resources that results in poor health and diet,
all of which when taken together impact on the ability of
families to support young people with education.
 HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

The research hypotheses discussed in the following

Paragraphs are based on theoretical reasoning and results

from Previous studies, as explained in the Literature Survey
section Of this study. Given these considerations, we formed
the

Following hypothesis:
1.Students may affect their self-esteem because of the
poverty
2.Students will be have an low grades and poor performance
3.Students will no longer participate about the activities
in school.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Impact -about not having enough money to meet basic needs

including food, clothing and shelter.

e-cigarette -the act or process of imparting or acquiring

general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and
judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others
intellectually for mature life.

Peer pressure -not having or earning much money.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter shortly represents the different methods

and procedure used by the researchers in doing this
investigation. It consist/consisted of the research design,
the research locale, and the subjects. It also includes the
instruments used in the collection and gathering of data,
along with the statistical tools used in processing the
data.
RESEARCH METHOD

The researchers applied quantitative method in this

study, Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements
and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of
data collected through polls, questionnaires, and
surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical
data using computational techniques. Quantitative
research focuses on gathering numerical data and
generalizing it across groups of people or to
explain a particular phenomenon.

RESEARCH LOCALE

The research was conducted in Grade 9-Venus student at

Lumayao Integrated School San Quintin Pangasinan.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

This research serves as a survey of Grade 9-Venus

students in Lumayao Integrated School. They would be the
main respondents of this study. They would be the
target of observation of researchers. The researchers
chose the respondents in Lumayao Integrated School because
the respondents would be affected by the researchers’
research.

DATA GATHERING PROCESS

 To collect data, the researchers used surveying
procedure. First, the researchers made research
questionnaires for the respondents to answer. Second, the
researchers distributed the questionnaire to Grade 9
Students of Lumayao Integrated School. Last, after the
respondents answer the questionnaire, the researcher tallied
how many students answer the question

INSTRUMENTS

In this study, the researcher use research instruments

such as survey questionnaires. The researchers used survey
questionnaire to know the opinion and thoughts of
respondents who will answer the given questions used to
gather more data and information.

REFERENCE

1. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20191001/Peer-pressure-at-
school-influencing-teen-vape-use.aspx

2. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/
journal.pone.0222572#:~:text=However%2C%20the
%20aggregated%20meta%2Danalysis,3.03)%20(Fig%208).
 3. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/
fpubh.2018.00086/full

Normal adolescent developmental stage is affected by high level of peer

pressure that can influence risk-taking behaviors including substance use
[12]. Globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, an estimated
80% of the one billion adolescent smokers are suffering from tobacco-related
morbidity and mortality [7]. Cigarette smoking negatively influences the
physical and mental health of an individual [13]. This is particularly true for
high school and university students who already face major health challenges
such as stress [14]. Smoking is also associated with poor educational
performance, high-risk drinking behavior, illegal drug use, and high-risk sexual
behaviors [14, 15]. Peer pressure is widely recognized as a crucial factor
affecting young people's early experimentation with tobacco and their
willingness to continue smoking [16]. Several students attending higher
education institutions practice cigarette smoking for several reasons, such as
a way to cope with stress [17]. Factors that contribute to the continued use of
tobacco include being male, drinking alcohol, having a friend who drinks
alcohol, having a friend who smokes, having family members who smoke and
being older in age, to mention some [18].