Index

Sr. No.
Contents. Page No.

Annexure I– Micro Project Proposal 1-4

1.Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project 2

2. Course Outcome Addressed 2

1 3.Proposed Methodology 2

4. Action Plan 3

5. Resources Required 4

6. Name of student with roll no 4

Annexure II – Micro Project Report 5-11

1.Rationale 5

2.Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project 6

2 3.Course Outcome Achieve 6

4. Literature Review 6

5.Actual Methodology Followed 6-11

6.Actual Resources Used 12

7. Skill developed / Learning out of this Micro-Project 12

8. Applications of this Micro-Project 12

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 Annexure I

Micro Project Proposal

Ecosystem And Its Types

1. Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

1. The aim of this micro-project is to help students learn about ecosystems and their
importance.

2. Students will develop their research, analysis, and communication skills by completing the
project.

3. They will also gain a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of life on Earth.

2. Course Outcome Addressed:

1. Define and explain the concept of an ecosystem

2. Identify the different types of ecosystems

3. Proposed Methodology:

Choose an ecosystem to study. This could be a local ecosystem, such as a park, forest, or river, or
a more distant ecosystem, such as a rainforest or coral reef.

Identify the key components of the ecosystem. This includes the different types of plants,
animals, and microorganisms that live in the ecosystem, as well as the physical environment,
such as the climate, soil, and water.

Research the interactions between the different components of the ecosystem. How do the
different plants and animals depend on each other? How does the physical environment affect the
plants and animals?

Identify the threats to the ecosystem. This could include human activities, such as pollution,
development, and overfishing, or natural events, such as storms and droughts.

Propose methodologies to protect the ecosystem. This could include reducing pollution, restoring
degraded habitats, and educating the public about the importance of the ecosystem.

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4. Action Plan:

Sr. Details of Activity Planned Planned Name of Responsible

No. Start date Finish date Team Members

1 Search the topic

2 Search the information

3 Find the meaning of Green

Building

4 Find the different types of Kunal Nitin

Green Building Plans in Nalwade
India
5 Disadvantages and
Benefits of Green
Building
6 Collecting the different
images of Green Building

7 Making Index and

Certificate of project

8 Finalizing Project with its

report

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5. Resources Required:

Sr.
No. Name of resource / material Specification Quantity Remarks

1 Computer WINDOWS 11,8GB 1

RAM, 1TB HDD
2 Operating System WINDOWS 11 1

3 Browser Chrome 1

6. Names of Team Member with Roll No.:

Sr.
No. Enrollment No. Name of Team Member Roll No.

1 2210950068 Kunal Nitin Nalwade 33

Ms. Dharashive A.S.

Name and Signature of the Teacher

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 Annexure – II

Micro-Project Report

Ecosystem And Its Types

1. Rationale:
The rationale for studying ecosystems is to better understand how they work and how they
are important to us. Ecosystems provide us with a variety of essential services, such as
food, water, air, climate regulation, pest control, and nutrient recycling. By studying
ecosystems, we can learn how to protect them and ensure that they continue to provide
these important services.

There are a number of specific reasons why it is important to study ecosystems:

* To understand the complex relationships between the different components of an

ecosystem.

* To identify the key factors that drive ecosystem processes.

* To assess the impact of human activities on ecosystems.

* To develop strategies for managing and protecting ecosystems.

Ecosystems are facing a number of challenges, including climate change, pollution, and
habitat loss. By studying ecosystems, we can better understand these challenges and
develop solutions to address them.

Here are some specific examples of how the study of ecosystems can be used to inform
management and conservation decisions:

* Understanding the food web of a forest ecosystem can help us to identify which species
are most important for maintaining the health of the ecosystem.

By studying ecosystems, we can gain a better understanding of our planet and our place in
it. We can also learn how to protect and manage ecosystems sustainably, so that they
continue to provide us with essential services for generations to come..

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2. Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

1. The aim of this micro-project is to help students learn about ecosystems and their
importance

2. Students will develop their research, analysis, and communication skills by completing
the project.

1. 3. They will also gain a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of life on Earth.

3. Course Outcomes Achieved:

• Define and explain the concept of an ecosystem

• Identify the different types of ecosystems

3. Literature Review:

The study of ecosystems has a long history, dating back to the early 19th century. However,
the field of ecology, which is the study of ecosystems and how they work, did not really
emerge as a distinct discipline until the late 19th century. One of the early pioneers of
ecology was Frederick Clements, who developed the concept of the plant community as a
superorganism. Clements believed that plant communities were highly organized and stable
systems that evolved through a series of stages, culminating in a climax community

4. Actual Methodologies Followed:

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Types Of Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a term that is commonly used in biology and environmental studies. In general, it is
defined as a system or community that includes all living organisms and their non-living components
in nature. All of these components work together, either directly or indirectly, to maintain ecological
balance. As a result, it is essential to understand the various types of ecosystems and what they contain.

1. Aquatic Ecosystem:

This Ecosystem consists of water as the main habitat.

Aquatic Ecosystem classification-
These are not biomes but categorized on basis of salinity, nutrients, and temperature. There are two
main types of aquatic ecosystems.

Freshwater ecosystem:

 lotic (moving like the river) ecosystem includes freshwater streams, springs etc.
 lentic (stagnant like a pond) ecosystem includes pools etc. In this ecosystem, salinity is less
than 5 ppt.
 Wetlands ecosystems are intermediate ecosystems between terrestrial & water habitats
(floodplains, littoral, etc). It is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or
seasonally.
 They vary considerably in physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.

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2. Marine Ecosystem:

 Oceans cover almost 3/4 of the surface of the Earth. Both the ocean and the coastal ecosystems
are included in this ecosystem. Salinity in this habitat is more than 35 ppt (90 percent Sodium
chloride).
 Estuaries are part of it (Coastal bays, river mouths, and tidal marshes forms estuaries).
 In estuaries, saltwater from the ocean and freshwater from rivers mix together due to the action
of the tides. When compared to the nearby river or sea, estuaries are much more productive.
Mangroves and coral reefs are also part of it.

3. Terrestrial Ecosystem:

 An estimated 148 million km2 (29%) of the earth’s surface is taken up by terrestrial ecosystems.
They cover a wide range of habitats, including icy polar regions, scorching tropical deserts, and
lush temperate and tropical rainforests.
 Ecosystems are divided into terrestrial (land ecosystem) and non-terrestrial(non-land
ecosystem) categories by their geographical location. The three non-terrestrial habitats are
aquatic, marine, and wetlands, whereas the five main terrestrial ecosystems are desert, forest,
grassland, taiga, and tundra.

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A. Forest Ecosystem :

Type of vegetation Flora and Fauna Distribution

Tundra Flora- Willows, birches and lichens
Fauna- Reindeer, Musk, Ox,
Lemmings, Squirrel
Two types of Tundra are there- Arctic and
Alpine
Arctic tundra- Polar ice cap and above tree
line in the northern hemisphere and on the
south pole, cover small area because most of it
is covered by ocean.

Alpine tundra- It occurs at the high mountain

and are found at all latitudes.
Taiga Flora- Evergreen plants like spruce, Taiga- In this, tree shed their leaves in the
fir, pine etc. cold season.
Coniferous (Boreal
or temperate Fauna- Lynx, wolf, bear, Redfox. It is found in areas with warm moist summers
Deciduous forest) and cool winters.

Tropical evergreen Flora- Rosewood, It includes the western slope of western ghat
forest Mahoganyincludes, Aini. Ebony hill of Northeast, Andaman and Nicobar
islands.
Semi-evergreen forest Flora- White-cedar, Hollocks, Kail It includes the western slope of western ghat
hill of Northeast, Andaman and Nicobar
islands.
Deciduous forest 100 – 200cm- Teak, sal, shisham, 100 – 200 cm- Include foothills of Himalaya
hurry, Mahua, Amla, Semul, in Northeast India, eastern slopes of western
Kusum, Sandalwood. ghats, Orissa.

70 – 100cm- Include rainy areas of the

peninsula and plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
and some parts of Rajasthan.

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B. Grassland Ecosystem:

 About 10 to 25 percent of the Earth’s surface is made up of the grassland ecosystem. It can be
found in areas with annual precipitation of 15 to 75 cm, which is more than a pure desert but
not enough to support a forest. Typical grasslands are vegetation types that are typically found
in climates with high temperatures.
 In various parts of the world, these are known by many names, including steppes in Europe and
Asia, pampas in South America, Veldt in South Africa, and Downs in Australia.
 They are primarily located in the high Himalayas of India. Steppes and savanna make up the
majority of the remaining grasslands in India. Sand and salty soils are extensively covered by
steppe formations.
 In western Rajasthan, India, where the climate is semi-arid with a dry season lasting 10 to 11
months and an average annual rainfall of less than 20 cm, steppe formations are reported to
exist. They take up a lot of space on saline and sandy soil. The soil is always exposed,
occasionally rocky, but typically sandy with stationary or moving sand dunes. Only during the
brief wet season is forage available. The grass layer is thin and primarily made up of annual
grass species.

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C. Desert Ecosystem:

 When we hear the word “desert,” the first thing that comes to mind is a largely barren,
abandoned, and dry land covered in sand. A desert can be both hot and cold. The desert is one
of the world’s driest land areas, receiving very little precipitation each year. It is a land with
very little rainfall throughout the year (less than 50 cm per year). The desert ecosystem is the
world’s driest ecosystem, which explains why it has less vegetation and less diversity of life. It
is a component of the terrestrial ecosystem.
 In this Ecosystem. the plants and animals can be survived in harsh conditions. A desert
ecosystem is essentially devoid of any rainfall or precipitation. In short, a desert ecosystem is a
community of living and non-living organisms that coexist and interact in an environment that
appears to be abandoned. A desert ecosystem is the result of the interaction of the
environment’s biotic and abiotic components.
 Desert ecosystems do not only exist in hot, dry places on the planet. A desert ecosystem can be
found in tropical, arid, and even extremely cold climates. The different types of Desert
Ecosystems that exist on the planet are Semi-arid, coastal, cold, hot and dry.

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D. Mountain Ecosystem:

Mountain ecosystem, is a community of living organisms found in mountainous areas. Mountain lands
support a diverse range of habitats for a wide variety of plants and animals. Higher altitudes have
harsher environmental conditions, and the present account is supported by treeless alpine vegetation.
Montane forests are common on lower slopes. At lower elevations, mountain lands transition into other
types of landforms and vegetation, such as tropical or temperate forests, savanna, scrubland, desert, or
tundra.The Himalaya-Tibet region has the largest and highest area of mountain lands; the longest
nearly continuous mountain range in the Americas runs from Alaska in the north to Chile in the south.
Other mountainous regions of note include those in Europe (Alps, Pyrenees), Asia (Caucasus, Urals),
New Guinea, New Zealand, and East Africa.

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13
 1. Actual Resources Used:

Sr. Name of resource / Specification Quantity Remarks

No. material

1 Computer WINDOWS 11,8GB 1

RAM, 1 TB HDD
2 Operating System WINDOWS 11 1

3 Browser Chrome 1

2. Skill developed / Learning out of this Micro-Project:

The following skills and knowledge were developed as part of this micro-project:
* Research skills
* Analysis skills
* Communication skills
* Understanding of ecosystems and their importance.

3. Application of this Micro-Project:

The skills and knowledge developed in this micro-project can be applied in a variety of settings,
including:

* Working as a conservationist or ecologist

* Teaching and training others about ecosystems

* Advocating for the protection of ecosystems

*********

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