STUDENT KIT LAB MODULE

Program: EE242/CEEE242/CEEE223 Semester: 7

Ownership: Discipline of Power
Date
Version: 3.0 March 2022
Issued:
Course Name: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY V
Course Code: EPO662
Mode of Delivery: ! Face to Face Virtual

SIMULATION OF A THREE PHASE BRIDGE INVERTER WITH A PWM

CONTROL USING MATLAB SOFTWARE

Authors
Wan Noraishah Wan Abdul Munim
Prepared by: Date : Dec 2010
Puteri Nor Ashikin Megat Yunus
Wan Noraishah Wan Abdul Munim
1st Revision : Date : Nov 2018

Wan Noraishah Wan Abdul Munim

2nd Revision : Date : March 2021

Wan Noraishah Wan Abdul Munim

3rd Revision : Date : March 2022
 ASSESSMENT DETAILS
Field/Module: Power Electronics / PE2
SIMULATION OF A THREE PHASE BRIDGE INVERTER
Experiment Title:
WITH A PWM CONTROL USING MATLAB SOFTWARE
At the end of the course, students should be able to:

CLO1: Work in a team effectively to perform laboratory works

(A3).
CLO2: Display proficiency using laboratory tools in conducting
Course Learning experiment (P4).
Outcomes: CLO3: Determine a suitable technique in order to solve the
complex engineering problem (C4).
CLO4: Present the findings observed from the experiment/case
study clearly and effectively through a lab/PBL report
(A3).

Upon completion of this experiment, students should have the:

MO1. Ability to get an understanding of power electronics

designing using engineering software.
Module Outcomes: MO2. Ability to design and study the operation of a two-level
three-phase inverter circuit with 180° conduction and
carrier-based PWM.

1. Perform the tasks as given/instructed in the lab module.

Instructions:
2. Submit the report in a group

1. No food or drink is allowed in lab unless food or drinks are

provided as a part of the lab.
2. Shoes must be worn in lab.
Safety
3. Please ensure all the diagram connection is checked or
Instructions:
approved by instructor/assistance engineer before running the
experiment.
4. Always bring test pen during laboratory session.

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1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

1.1 Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is broadly used as a switching in order to control electric and
electronic devices. The combination of DC signal and the frequency of reference signal
determine the fundamental frequency of the output voltage. The method of using PWM control
by comparing the triangular wave signal with the dc reference signal can be adjusted to get the
Pulse Width Modulation algorithm as in Figure 1.1. PWM also is a method of controlling the
amount of power to a load without having dissipated any power in the load driver. The purpose
of pulse-width modulation is to vary duty cycle, δ, according to:

𝑡!" (1.1)
𝛿 = 𝑡!" 𝑓# =
𝑡!" + 𝑡!$$

Thus, modulating either ton or toff or both can vary the duty cycle, δ.
Triangular Reference Signal
waveform (use external data to vary
(carrier) modulation signal)

ton

PWM
toff SEQUENCE

Figure 1.1: Closed-loop control structure

The PWM algorithms can be split in two areas: 1) carrier-based PWM (CBPWM), and 2) space
vector PWM (SVPWM). Both methods can be used with corresponding modifications for the
control of converters with a given number of phases.

1.2 180-Degree Conduction

Three-phase inverters are mostly applied in high-power applications. The gating signals of a
single-phase inverter should be advanced or delayed by 180° with respect to each other to
obtain three-phase balanced voltages. Fundamentally, a three-phase output can be obtained
from the configuration of six transistors and six diodes whereas each transistor conducts for
180°. The load can be connected either in Delta-connected or Y-connected. There are six modes
in a cycle and the duration of each mode is 60°. The sequences of transistor’s gating are 123,
234, 345, 456, 561, and 612. The gating signals are shifted from each other by 60°. Based on
Figure 2, the terminal a is connected to the positive terminal of the dc input voltage when
transistor Q1 conduct. Contrarily, terminal a will connected to the negative terminal of the dc
source when the transistor Q4 is switched on. A short circuit across the dc link voltage supply
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will occur if the switched of any leg of the inverter (Q1 and Q4, Q3 and Q6 or Q5 and Q2) are
switched on at the same time. The switches of any leg of the inverter also cannot be switched
off at once to avoid undefined states and thus undefined ac output line voltages.

2. PRE-LAB WORK

1. Power devices: IGBT and Mosfet. Why IBGT is preferred?

2. Feedback Diode: Why each of the IGBTs in the inverter is required to be paired with a
diode? In what circumstances it is applied?

3. PWM Technique: What is the purpose of applying this techniques in the inverter?

4. Safety precautions: When is ‘dead time’ normally occurred? Suggest one method to
deal with the dead-time issue.

5. EXPERIMENTAL WORK

C1
Q1 D1 Q3 D3 Q5 D5
g1 g3 g5
+
Vs 0 a b c

- Q4 D4 Q6 D6 Q2 D2

C2 g4 g6 g2

Ra Rb Rc

Figure 3.1: Two-Level Three-Phase Inverter

Procedures

1. Draw and simulate the two-level three-phase inverter as shown in Figure 3.1 using Matlab
software.

2. With 100Vdc of 50Hz frequency and resistive load in each phase 1kΩ, the three-phase load
is connected in Y-connected.

3. Key in the time delay in Table 3.1 for each of the pulse generator.

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 Table 3.1: Time Delay Values
Waveform Calculation Time Delay (ms)
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

1. Determine the pole, line and phase voltages waveforms. To edit the graph, double click
the scope and then select "Data history". In this section, check the "Save data to
workspace" box and enter your desired variable name and change its format to "Structure
with time" as shown in Figure 4.1. After running the simulation, return to your main page
or Command Window. Based on Figure 4.2 and Figure 4.3, a figure can be created with
the command e.g: Simplot (Vpole). Click Send to Figure, Edit and Save the waveforms.

Figure 4.1: Scope parameters

Figure 4.2: Command window

Figure 4.3: Send to Figure command

*Students need to plot out the figures, do not use snipping tool or copy figure directly from the
scope in order familiarize with editing plot (no black background).
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2. Calculate the phase voltage, line current, RMS value of line and phase voltages. Record the
calculations in Table 4.1. Compare the theoretical with the simulation values.

Table 4.1: Phase Voltage, Line Current, RMS Line-to-Line and RMS Phase Voltage
Values
Phase Voltage Line Current RMS Value RMS Value
(V) (A) Line-to-Line Voltage (V) Phase Voltage (V)

3. Compare the results of the inverter using 180° conduction mode and carrier-based PWM.
Vary the value of modulating signal, Vm from 1V to 100V. Discuss the results.

7. QUIZ

Quiz will be given during lab session.

8. CONCLUSION

Conclude in detail the findings and the outcomes of this experiment. This should include the
summary of knowledge gained, comments and discussion of the results, errors and their
possible sources and how this experiment can be improved.

9. REFERENCES

1. Muhammad H. Rashid, “Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Applications”, 3rd

Edition, Prentice Hall, 2004.
2. Haitham Abu-Rub, Atif Iqbal, and Jaroslaw Guzinski, “High Performance Control of AC
Drives with MATLAB/Simulink Models”1st Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2012

END