Experiment No.

4
Objective:
“Introduction to fitting shop tools.”

Fitting shop:
It is the room or place where assembling and fitting of different parts of a machine or
any other object happens by different processes or operations.

Fitting shop tools:

Tools that are used to perform various operations in the fitting shop are known as
fitting shop tools. A great variety of tools are used for this purpose.

Measuring tools:
Tools that are used for measuring operation are called measuring tools. These include:

 Measuring scale
 Try square
 Measuring tape
 Vernier Calipers
 Micrometer screw-gauge

Measuring scale:
Scales are the most commonly used tools. These are used to measure the length of
work piece.

Fig 4.1: Measuring scale

Try square:
It is measuring and marking tool for 90o angle .In practice, it is used for checking the
square-ness of many types of small works when extreme accuracy is not required. The blade
of the try square is made of hardened steel and the stock of cast Iron or steel. The size of the
Try square is specified by the length of the blade.
 Fig 4.2: Try square

Measuring tape:
A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible ruler used to measure length or
distance.

Fig 4.3: Measuring tape

Vernier Calipers:
A vernier caliper is defined as a measuring device that is used for the measurement of
linear dimensions. It is also used for the measurement of diameters of round objects with the
help of the measuring jaws.

Fig 4.4: Vernier caliper

Micro-meter screw-gauge:
A micrometer screw gauge is a tool with a calibrated screw that is frequently used for
precise measurement of components in mechanical engineering, machining, and most
mechanical trades.

Fig 4.5: Micrometer screw-gauge

Marking tools:
Tools that are used for marking purpose are called marking tools.

 Scriber
 Dividers
 Punch

Scriber:
A scriber is a steel tool, used to scribe or mark lines on metal work pieces. It can be used in
conjunction with a try square.

Fig 4.6: Scriber

Divider:
It is an instrument for measuring, transferring, or marking off distances, consisting of two
straight adjustable legs hinged together and ending in sharp points.

Fig 4.7: Divider

Punches:
Punches are used to produce an indentation mark on work piece with the help of
hammer.

Fig 4.8: Punch

Cutting tools:
Tools that are used in cutting operation are called cutting tools.

 Hacksaw
 Shear
 Chisel

Hacksaw:
A hacksaw is a hand-powered, small-toothed saw used for cutting metal pipes, rods,
brackets, etc. Hacksaws can also cut through plastic. The hacksaw has a U-shaped frame and
a handle at one end. Hacksaws have small pins at each end of the frame that receive a blade.

Fig 4.9: Hacksaw

Shear:
A shear tool is a cutting instrument consisting of two blades or edges arranged in such
a way that they can move relative to each other, creating a shearing or cutting action when
force is applied. Shear tools are designed for cutting materials like metal, plastic, and more.

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Fig 4.10: Shear

Chisel:
A metal tool with a cutting edge at the end of a blade used to shape or chip away a solid
material is called chisel.

Fig 4.11: Chisel

Filing tools:
Tools used in filing operation are called filing tools.

 File

File:
File is a tool used to remove fine amount of unwanted material from work piece. It
most commonly refers to hand tool style which takes form of steel bar with a case-hardened
surface and series of sharp parallel teeth.

Classification of file:
 By Shape (Rectangular, Round, Half Round)
 By Grade
 By Cut (Single or Double Cut)

Fig 4.12: Files

Punching tools:
Punching tools are used in fitting shop to carry out punching operation. These are:

 Centre punch
 Dot punch

Centre punch:
A center punch is used to mark the center of a point. It is usually used to mark the
center of a hole when drilling holes.

Fig 4.13: Centre punch

Dot punch:
It is normally used to mark the centre of a hole to be drilled, either by hand or on the
drilling machine. The dot punch is a lighter and thinner version of the centre punch and is
used basically for the same job.

Fig 4.14: Dot punch

Drilling tools:
Tools mused for drilling are called drilling tools.

 Drill bit
 Drilling machine

Drill bit:
A drill bit is a cutting tool that's fitted into a power drill and used to cut holes in
materials. They come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes.

Fig 4.15: Drill bit

Drilling machine:
A drilling machine is a power tool that is used to create cylindrical holes in a work
piece. A hole is produce with the help of drill bit.

Fig 4.16: Drilling machine

Threading tools:
Tools used in threading purposes are called threading tools.

 Tap
 Die
Tap:
A tap is a hardened, steel tool used for cutting internal thread in a drill hole. Hand
Taps are usually supplied in sets of three in each diameter and thread size. Each set consists
of a tapper tap, intermediate tap and plug or bottoming tap. Taps are made of high carbon
steel or high speed steel.

Fig 4.17: Taps

Die:
Dies are the cutting tools used for making external thread. Dies are made either solid
or split type. They are fixed in a die stock for holding and adjusting the die gap. They are
made of Steel or high carbon steel.

Fig 4.18: Dies

Counter-sinking tools:
Tools used in counter-sinking operation are named as counter-sinking tools.

Counter-sinks:
A countersink is a cutting tool which puts a conical hole into an object. A common
use is to allow the head of a countersunk bolt or screw, when placed in the hole, to sit flush
with or below the surface.

Fig 4.19: Counter-sink

Counter-boring tools:
Tools used for counter-boring operations are called counter-boring tools.

Counter bores:
The counter bore tool is typically a specialized drill bit that creates the hole for the
body of the fastener and the larger sized cavity for its head, both at the same time. Usually,
the fastener chosen is a flat-bottomed screw such as a round head or a pan head screw.

Fig 4.20: Counter bores

Reaming tools:
Tools used for reaming purpose are called reaming tools. Commonly, reamers are
used for this purpose.

Reamer:
It is used for smoothening holes which are produced by drill operations. A reamer is
the metal working tool used to create an accurate sized hole.

Fig 4.21: Reamer

Miscellaneous Tools:
Miscellaneous tools refer to a category of tools and equipment that do not fall into
specific, well-defined categories or trades but are used for various tasks in different
applications. These tools are often versatile and serve a range of purposes in tasks.
Miscellaneous tools are typically non-specialized and may include a wide assortment of items
that are handy for various every day or specialized tasks.

Some of miscellaneous tools used in fitting shop are:

 Hammer
 L-key
 Wrench
  Screw-driver
 Spanners
 Pliers

Hammer:
A hammer is a hand tool characterized by a heavy head that is mounted on a handle.
The head is typically made of metal, such as steel, while the handle can be made of materials
like wood, fiberglass, or plastic. The head of the hammer is used to deliver a forceful blow to
a work piece or object, while the handle provides leverage and control.

Fig 4.22: Hammer

L-key:
This is a small handheld tool used for turning bolts and screws which have hexagonal
sockets. Many people assume that Allen keys are new, but to surprise, these tools are fairly
old.

Fig 4.23: L-key

Wrench:
A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in
applying torque to turn objects, usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts, or keep them
from turning.

Fig 4.24: Wrench

Screw drivers:
Screw-drivers are tool used for turning screws, usually having a handle of wood,
plastic etc and a steel shank with a flattened square-cut tip that fits into a slot in the head of
the screw.

Fig 4.25: Screw driver

Spanners:
A spanner is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying torque
to turn objects—usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts—or keep them from turning.
Different types of spanners are used for different purposes.

Fig 4.26: Spanners

Pliers:
Pliers are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly. They are also useful for bending and
physically compressing a wide range of materials.

Fig 4.27: pliers