True Man including the Living Modern Man

Neanderthal Man

➢ Neanderthals walked upright, as we do, and had low brows, receding jaws,
and high domed heads.
➢ They were much stockier than we are.
➢ Their cranial capacity was 1400 cubic centimetres.
➢ They lived in near east and central Asia between 1,00,000–40,000 years back.
True Man including the Living Modern Man

Neanderthal Man

➢ They were the legendary cave dwellers.

➢ They have been portrayed as having heavy brow ridges and humped backs
and were adapted to a cold environment.
➢ They were not only skilled hunters but true predators, a specialization that did
not occur among hominids before or after them.
True Man including the Living Modern Man

Neanderthal Man

➢ They were omnivorous (meat as main diet) and cannibals.

➢ They fashioned the skin into clothing to protect themselves against the harsh
climate.
➢ Natural caves became campsites that were illuminated and heated by fire.
True Man including the Living Modern Man

Neanderthal Man

➢ They buried their dead with flowers and tools.

➢ He may had a religion.
➢ It is usually considered that Homo sapiens neanderthalensis did not evolve
into Homo sapiens.
True Man including the Living Modern Man

Cro-Magnon man

➢ Homo sapiens fossilis.

➢ It has been known as Cro- Magnon man, because its fossils were first
discovered from Cro-Magnon rocks of France by MacGregor.
➢ It emerged about 34000 years ago in Holocene epoch.
➢ It is regarded as most recent ancestor of today’s man.
True Man including the Living Modern Man

Cro-Magnon man

➢ Its face was perfectly orthognathous (Jaws do not project forward).

➢ It had elevated nose, broad and arched forehead, moderate brow ridges,
strong jaws with man-like dentition, and a well developed chin.
➢ Its cranial capacity was 1650 cc.
➢ It is believed that Cro Magnon man was somewhat more intelligent and
cultured than the man of today.
True Man including the Living Modern Man

Cro-Magnon man

➢ It made excellent tools and even ornaments, not only of stones and bones, but
also of elephant tusks.
➢ Its tools included spears, bows and arrows, as he was omnivorous.
➢ Use of the skin clothes by this man is also confirmed.
➢ A number of cave paintings done by Cro Magnon man have been discovered.
It became extinct about 10,000–11,000 years ago.
➢ The Cro-Magnon man was the direct ancestor of the living modern man.
True Man including the Living Modern Man

Living Modern Man

➢ Homo sapiens sapiens.

➢ Homosapiens sapiens appeared about 25000 years ago in Holocene epoch
and started spreading all over the world about 10,000 years ago.
True Man including the Living Modern Man

Living Modern Man

➢ Further evolution of man after Cro-Magnon involves the evolution of culture

rather than that of anatomy.
➢ Morphologically, the transition is marked merely by
○ Slight raising of skull cap,
○ Thinning of skull bones,
○ Slight reduction in cranial capacity
○ Formation of four curves in vertebral column.
True Man including the Living Modern Man

Living Modern Man

➢ It is believed that man of today first appeared in the region

around Caspian
• and Mediterranean seas.
➢ From there its members migrated all over the world.
➢ Prehistoric cave art developed about 18,000 years ago.
➢ Agriculture started around 10,000 years back.