PAVENDAR BHARATHIDASAN COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE

THANJAI NATARAJAN NAGAR,

MATHUR, PUDUKOTTAI ROAD, TIRUCHIRAPPALLI, PINCODE-622515.

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

B.Sc., DEGREE EXAMINATION

NAME : ________________________________

REG.NO : ________________________________

SUBJECT : ________________________________

SEMESTER : ________________________________
 PAVENDAR BHARATHIDASAN COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE

THANJAI NATARAJAN NAGAR,

MATHUR, PUDUKOTTAI ROAD, TIRUCHIRAPPALLI, PINCODE-622515.

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

Certified that this bonafide recorded for the _______________ practical work
done by ____________________ for ___________ semester in the subject
___________________________________ During the academic year ______________

Register No:___________________________

STAFF INCHARGE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Submitted for the practical examination held on ___________________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 INDEX

S.NO DATE TITLE PAGE NO SIGNATURE

1 Linear Interpolation

2 Liner Regression

3 Curve Fitting

4 Trapezoidal Rule Of Integration

5 Simpson’s 1/3 Rule Of Integration

6 Newton-Raphson Method Of Solving

Equations

7 Gauss-Elimination Method Of Solving

Simultaneous Equations

8 Gauss- Seidal Method Of Solving

Simultaneous Equation

9 R-K Fourth Order Method Of Solving

Different Equations

10 Lagrange’s Method Of Interpolation

 TRAPEZOIDAL RULE OF INTEGRATION

function[]=trapezoidal_Rule()

format compact

clc

y=inline('1/(1+x.*x)');

x0=input('enter x0:');

xn=input('enter xn:');

n=input('enter no of subinterval is:');

h=(xn-x0)/n;

s=y(x0)+y(xn);

for i=0:n-1

s=s+2.*y(x0+i.*h);

end

fprintf('the value of integral is: %f\n',h/2.*s)

end
TRAPEZOIDAL RULE OF INTEGRATION

OUTPUT

enter x0:0

enter xn:6

enter no of subinterval is:6

the value of integral is: 2.410799

 SIMPSON’S 1/3 RULE OF INTEGRATION

function[]=simpson_rule()

clc

y=inline('1/(1+x.*x)');

x0=input('Enter x0:');

xn=input('enter xn:');

n=input('enter no of sub interval is:');

h=(xn=x0)/n;

s=y(x0)+y(xn)+4.*y(x0+h);

for i=3:2:n-1

s=s+4*y(x0+i.*h)+2.*y(x0+(i-1).*h);

end

fprintf('the value of integral is:%f\n',h/3*s);

end
SIMPSON’S 1/3 RULE OF INTEGRATION

OUTPUT

Enter x0:8

enter xn:9

enter no of sub interval is:7

the value of integral is:0.061297

 NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD OF SOLVING EQUATIONS

%program code for newton rapshon method

a=input('Enter the function in the form of variable x:','s');

x(1)=input('Enter the intial guess:');

error=input('Enter the allowed error:');
f=inline(a);
z=diff(str2sym(a));
d=inline(z);
for i=1:100
x(i+1)=x(i)-((f(x(i))/d(x(i))));
fprintf('iteration no %d x=%f\n',i,x(i+1))
err(i)=abs((x(i+1)-x(i))/x(i));
if err(i)<error
break
end
end
root=x(i)
NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD OF SOLVING EQUATIONS

OUTPUT
Enter the function in the form of variable x:
x^3-x-1
Enter the intial guess:
1.5
Enter the allowed error:
0.0001
iteration no 1 x=1.347826
iteration no 2 x=1.325200
iteration no 3 x=1.324718
iteration no 4 x=1.324718

root =

1.3247
 GAUSS – ELIMINATION METHOD OF SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS
EQUATIONS

function[]=gauss_elimination_method()
clc
N=4
a=input('Enter the element of matrics:\n')
for j=1:N-1
for i=j+1:N
t=a(i,j)/a(j,j);
for k=1:N+1
a(i,k)=a(i,k)-a(j,k)*t;
end
end
end
for i=1:N
for j=1:N+1
fprintf('%8.4f',a(i,j));
end
fprintf('\n');
end
for i=N:-1:1
s=0;
for j=i+1:N
s=s+a(i,j+1).*x(j);
end
x(i)=(a(i,N)-s)/a(i,i);
end
for i=1:N
fprintf('x(%d)=%6.4f\n',i,x(i))
end
 GAUSS – ELIMINATION METHOD OF SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS
EQUATIONS

OUTPUT

N=

Enter the element of matrics:

[ 10 -7 3 5 6; -6 8 -1 -4 5; 3 1 4 11 2; 5 -9 -2 4 7]

a=

10 -7 3 5 6
-6 8 -1 -4 5
3 1 4 11 2
5 -9 -2 4 7

10.0000 -7.0000 3.0000 5.0000 6.0000

0.0000 3.8000 0.8000 -1.0000 8.6000
0.0000 0.0000 2.4474 10.3158 -6.8158
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 9.9247 9.9247
x(1)=-3.3947
x(2)=-0.6842
x(3)=7.0000
x(4)=1.0000
 GAUSS –SEIDAL METHOD OF SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS
EQUATIONS

function[]=Gauss_Seidal_method()
clc
a=input('enter the element of matrix:\n');
aerr=input('enter the allowed error');
maxitr=input('enter the maximum no of iterations:');
N=4;
x=zeros(1,N);
fprintf('iterations x[1] x[2] x[3]\n');
for itr=1:maxitr
maxerr=0;
for i=1:N-1
s=0;
for j=1:N-1
if(j~=i)
s=s+a(i,j)*x(j);
end
end
end
end
t=(a(i,N)-s)/a(i,i);
err=abs(x(i)-t);
if(err>maxerr)
maxerr=err;
end
 GAUSS –SEIDAL METHOD OF SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS
EQUATIONS

OUTPUT

enter the element of matrix:\n[10 -5 -2 3;4 -10 3 -3; 1 6 10 -3]

enter the allowed error0.0001
enter the maximum no of iterations:7
iterations x[1] x[2] x[3]
 R-K FOURTH ORDER METHOD OF SOLVING DIFFERENT
EQUATIONS

function[]=Gauss_Kutta_Method()
clc
format compact
format short g
f=inline('x+y*y');
x0=input('enter the value x0:');
y0=input('enter the value y0:');
h=input('enter the value h:');
xn=input('enter the value xn:');
x=x0;
y=y0;
while(1)
if(x==xn)
break
end
k1=h*f(x,y);
k2=h*f(x+h/2,y+k1/2);
k3=h*f(x+h/2,y+k2/2);
k4=h*f(x+h,y=k3);
k=(k1+(k2+k3)*2+k4)/6;
x=x+h;
y=y+h;
fprintf('when x=%f y=%f\n',x,y)
end
end
 R-K FOURTH ORDER METHOD OF SOLVING DIFFERENT
EQUATIONS

OUTPUT
enter the value x0:0
enter the value y0:1
enter the value h:0.2
enter the value xn:0.2
when x=0.200000 y=0.475832
 LAGRANGE’S METHOD OF INTERPOLATION

function[]=lagrange_interpolation_formula
clc
max=100;
n=input('enter value of n:');
ax=input('enter value of x:');
ay=input('enter value of y:');
x=input('enter value of x for which y is wanted:');
y=0;
for i=1:n+1
dr=1;
nr=1;
for j=1:n+1
if(j~=i)
nr=nr*(x-ax(j));
dr=dr*(ax(i)-ax(j));
end
end
y=y+((nr/dr)*ay(i));
end
fprintf('when x=%4.1fy=%4.1f\n',x,y);
end
 LAGRANGE’S METHOD OF INTERPOLATION

OUTPUT

enter value of n:4

enter value of x:[5 7 11 13 17]
enter value of y:[150 392 1452 2366 5202]
enter value of x for which y is wanted:9
when x= 9.0y=810.0
 LINEAR REGRESSION

function[y0,a,b]=linear_regression(x,y,x0)
x=[71 73 64 65 61 70 65 72 63 67 64]
y=[160 183 154 168 159 180 145 210 132 168 141]
[y0,a,b]=linear_regression(x,y,70)
%number of known points
n=lenght(x);
%intialization
j=0;k=0;l=0;p=0;
%accumulate intermediate sums
j=sum(x);
k=sum(y);
l=sum(x.^2);
p=sum(x.*y);
%compute cure co-effiecients
b=(n*p-k*j)/(n*l-j^2);
a=(k-b*j)/n;
%interpolation value
y0=a+b*x0;
 LINEAR REGRESSION

COMMAND:

x=[71 73 64 65 61 70 65 72 63 67 64];
y=[160 183 154 168 159 180 145 210 132 168 141];
[y0,a,b]=linear_regression(x,y,70)

RESULT:

y0=176.5139
a=-106.7917
b=4.0472

COMMAND:

[y0]=linear_regression(x,y,72)

RESULT:

y0=184.6083
 CURVE FITTING

clear all
clc
format compact
%define coordinates
x=[1 2 3 4 5.5 7 10];
y=[3 7 9 15 22 21 21]
%plot given data in red
plot(x,y,'ro','linewidth',2)
hold on
%find polynominal fits of different orders
p1=polyfit(x,y,1)
p2=polyfit(x,y,2)
p4=polyfit(x,y,4)
p5=polyfit(x,y,5)
%see interpolated values of fits
xc=1:.1:10;
%plot the first order polynominal
y1=polyval(p1,xc);
plot(xc,y1,'m.-')
%plot the second order polynominal
y1=polyval(p2,xc);
plot(xc,y2,'g.-')
%plot the 4th order polynominal
y1=polyval(p4,xc);
plot(xc,y4,'linewidth',2)
%plot the 4th order polynominal
y1=polyval(p5,xc);
plot(xc,y5,'k.','linewidth',2)
grid
title('cure fitting')
legend('original data','1st order fit','2nd order fit','4th order','5th
order','location','north west')
 CURVE FITTING

OUTPUT
 CURVE FITTING

COMMAND WINDOW

y=
3 7 9 15 22 21 21
p1 =
2.1763 3.8960
p2 =
-0.3863 6.3983 -4.1596
p4 =
0.0334 -0.7377 5.0158 -8.4137 7.5779
p5 =
0.0213 -0.5022 4.1330 -14.5708 25.3233 -11.3510
 LINEAR INTERPOLATION

clear all

clc

format compact

x=0:1.0:5;

y=[1.0 -0.6242 -1.4707 3.2406 -0.7366 -6.3717];

xi=0:0.1:5;

yi=interp1(x,y,xi,'linear');

subplot(1,2,1)

plot(x,y,'ro',xi,yi,'g.-');

title('liner interpolation using data');

legend('y','yi');

x=[0:10];

y=cos(x);

xj=[0:.25:10];

subplot(1,2,2)

yj=interp1(x,y,xj,'linear');

plot(x,y,'ro',xj,yj,'b.-');

title('linear interpolation using function');

legend('y','yj');

x(i)=t;
fprintf('%5d\t\t',itr)

for i=1:N-1

fprintf('%f\t',x(i))

end

fprintf('\n')

if(maxerr<aerr)

fprintf('Converges in %d iteration \n', itr)

for i=0:N-1

fprintf('x(%d)=%2.4f\n',i,x(i))

end

return

end

fprintf('Solution does not converge, iteration not suficient \n')

return
 LINEAR INTERPOLATION

OUTPUT
LINEAR INTERPOLATION
LINEAR INTERPOLATION