sociometria

sociometriis qveS igulisxmeba rigi meTodebisa, romliTac xdeba

jgufis wevrebs Soris urTierTobebis kvleva jgufis Sinagani struqturis
dasadgenad. “sociometria warmoadgens pirovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis
raodenobriv kvlevas, romliTac arCevanis situaciaSi xdeba monawileTa
Sefaseba upiratesobis miniWebis, neitralurobisa da uaryofis
TvalsazrisiT”. sociometruli meTodebi, iseve rogorc jgufebis kvlevis
sxva meTodebi, mcire jgufebis analizs emsaxureba. Tumca yovel konkretul
SemTxvevaSi urTierTobebis mxolod garkveuli nawilebis gamokvleva xdeba:
vin visTan urTierTobs yvelaze xSirad? arsebobs Tu ara jgufis wevri,
visTan erTadac mxolod erTi jgufis wevri isurvebda muSaobas? arsebobs Tu
ara lideri, qvejgufebi, koaliciebi? vin Tvlis Tavs jgufis sxva
wevrebisagan gariyulad?
sociometria sakmaod zust informacias gvawvdis: 1. jgufis struqturis
Sesaxeb, mag. jgufis integrirebuloba an Riaoba sazogadoebisadmi. 2. jgufSi
TiToeuli wevris adgilis Sesaxeb, mag., misi statusi an izolaciis xarisxi;
3. jgufis araformaluri struqturis Sesaxeb.
sociometriul meTodebs xSirad sociometrul testebs uwodeben, Tumca
aseTi daxasiaTeba ar aris gamarTlebuli, radgan am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs
gamokiTxvis erT-erT formasTan, ZiriTadad werilobiTTan.
meTodis avtoria eqimi da fsiqiatri j.l. moreno, romelmac aRniSnuli
meTodi pirvelad aRwera 1934 wels gamoqveynebul wignSi “vin gadarCeba?”.
rogorc saTauridanac Cans, moreno am meTodSi bevrad ufro mets
gulisxmobda, vidre mxolod jgufebis zusti analizis saSualebas.
monacemebze dayrdnobiT jgufTan ukukavSiris procesSi igi fiqrobda jgufis
refleqsiis, TviTSeswavlis gaaqtiurebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, xels Seuwyobda
integraciasa da Terapias.
dResdReobiT morenos Teoriidan, romelic miznad isaxavda
sazogadoebis ukeT mowyobas sociologiisa da mecnieruli socializmis
sinTeziT, bevri araferi SemogvrCa. samagierod SemogvrCa meTodi -
sociometria, romelsac moreno Tavisi ideebis ganxorcielebis saSualebad
Tvlida. am meTodiT unda momxdariyo socialuri atomebisa (individebi da
jgufebi) da socialuri molekulebis (jgufebs Soris kavSirebi) analizi,
ris safuZvelzec urTierTobebis gaumjobeseba moxdeboda.
dResdReobiT meTodis gamoyenebis ramdenime piroba arsebobs:
1. sociometruli meTodebi gamoiyeneba mcire jgufebis sakvlevad;
2. jgufis wevrebi wina interaqciebidan metnaklebad unda icnobdnen
erTmaneTs. mxolod am SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli “simpaTia- antipaTiis”
gamoxatva.
3. jgufis wevrebs Soris urTierTobebis mravalganzomilebianoba
moiTxovs erTi an ramdenime kriteriumis rac SeiZleba zust gamoyofas,

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 romlis mixedviTac moxdeba jgufis Seswavla. gamoxatuli e.w. “simpaTia-
antipaTia” exeba mxolod konkretul dasmul SekiTxvas, kriteriums da
ara urTierTobis sxva ganzomilebebs. igive SeiZleba iTqvas jgufis
struqturis Sesaxebac.
4. arCevanis spontanuri xasiaTi ganapirobebs imas, rom monacemebi exeba
mxolod dasmul SekiTxvas da droSi cvalebadia jgufuri dinamikis
procesebis gavleniT.

gamoyeneba

morenom es meTodi pirvelad Znelad aRsazrdel gogonaTa TavSesafaris

magaliTze ganixila. Mamis Semdeg sociometria gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva mizniT
sxvadasxva tipis mcire jgufebis kvlevisas, mag., skolis klasebis,
dawesebulebebSi koleqtivebis, samxedro jgufebis, bavSvTa da mozardTa
saxlebSi arsebuli realuri jgufebis da a.S.
xSirad jgufis gamoyeneba xdeba Terapiuli miznebiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi
jgufis monacemebis safuZvelze SesaZlebloba eZlevaT gamoitanon daskvnebi
sakuTari Tavisa da jgufis Sesaxeb, da am gziT gaaumjobeson TanamSromloba-
urTierToba. am SemTxvevaSi sociometria moqmedebis sakvlev meTodad
gvevlineba.
sociometria xSirad gamoiyeneba rogorc ufro didi kvlevis nawili
sxva meTodebTan erTad. magaliTad, organizaciaSi an dasaxlebaSi
interviuebTan erTad, an dakvirvebebis seriebSi.

Catareba
nebismieri jgufis strtuqturis, jgufis wevrebs Soris urTierTobebis,
maTi statusis kvleva sxvadasxva kuTxiTaa SesaZlebeli, mag., miRwevis,
simpaTiis da a.S. kvlevis miznidan da gegmidan gamomdinare xdeba garkveuli
ganzomilebis SerCeva. arCeuli ganzomileba informacias gvawvdis jgufSi
arsebuli urTierTobebis mxolod garkveul nawilze. amdenad, maTi
ganzogadeba zogadad jgufis struqturaze yvela ganzomilebis mixedviT ar
SeiZleba.
sirTule imaSi mdgomareobs, rom garkveuli ganzomilebebis
formulireba kiTxvaSi, anu maTi operacionalizacia Zalian rTulia.
SekiTxviT xdeba urTierTobebis mxolod garkveuli nawilis Seswavla.
SekiTxva SeiZleba dasmuli iyos rogorc koniunqtivSi (SesaZleblobas
gamoxatavdes), aseve, SesaZloa, faqtiur qcevas exebodes. es SekiTxva,
romelsac kriteriumi ewodeba, jgufis yvela wevrs unda daesvas. SekiTxva
unda iyos erTmniSvnelovani, gasagebi da advilad sapasuxo. aseTi SekiTxvebis
magaliTebia:

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 visTan erTad isurvebdiT muSaobas? vis gverdiT isurvebdiT jdomas?
Tqven romel mezobelTan saubrobT yvelaze mets? Tqveni kolegebidan vis
dapatiJebdiT saxlSi?

Semdegi problema arCevans exeba: anu vuSvebT mxolod dadebiT

(simpaTia), mxolod uaryofiT (antipaTia), Tu orive arCevanis saSualebas.
rogorc gamocdileba gviCvenebs uaryofiTi arCevanis gakeTeba jgufis
wevrisTvis SesaZloa usiamovno iyos, Tumca es Sedegebi jgufis wevrebis
ufro zusti diferenciaciisTvis ukeTesia.
meTodis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan moments warmoadgens e.w. socialur
TviTaRqmasTan dakavSirebuli SekiTxva: anu jgufis wevrs damatebiT
ekiTxebian, misi azriT, visgan miiRebda dadebiT da visgan uaryofiT arCevans.
am gziT viRebT adamianis savaraudo statuss, romelic SegviZlia SevadaroT
mis faqtobriv, realur statuss. Cveulebrivi TviT- da sxvaTa Sefasebebi
erTmaneTs emTxveva, magram ara yovelTvis. mag., dabali TviTSefasebis mqone
wevrebTan adgili aqvs sakuTari statusis gadafasebas. jgufis erTi wevri
ufro metad cdeba jgufis sxva wevrebis (calkeuli wevrebis) SefasebebSi da
SedarebiT nakleb Secdomas uSvebs jgufis saSualo statusTan mimarTebaSi.
arCevanis problemas ukavSirdeba dasaSvebi arCevanis raodenobis
sakiTxic. winaswar zustad gansazRvruli raodenoba ufro mosaxerxebelia
Sefasebis TvalsazriT, Tumca amis uaryofiTi mxarea is, rom jgufis wevrebs
avaldebuleb gaakeTos arCevani, roca es mas ar SeuZlia an ar unda, radgan
mag., jgufis 15 wevridan igi isurvebda emuSava ara oTx, aramed, or
adamianTan. dadgenilia, rom arCevanis SezRudva saWiroa:
1. ufro dadebiTi, vidre uaryofiTi arCevanis dros
2. damokidebulia jgufis sidideze

gamokvlevebis umetesoba SesaZlo arCevanis dadgenili raodenobiT

tardeba.
dadgenilia, rom xuTi arCevani mizanSewonili SezRudvaa, radgan am
raodenobis Semdeg dadgenili jgufis struqtura mniSvnelovnad aRar
icvleba.
mxolod negatiuri arCevanis gamoyeneba ar aris mizanSewonili.
SedarebiT iSviaTad iyeneben dadebiTi da uaryofiTi arCevanebisTvis e.w.
gradaciis gaTvaliswinebas. jgufis wevrs sTxoven Sefasebis rangebis
mixedviT dalagebas. aq unda aRiniSnos, rangebis naklic, rom rangebi ar
gviCveneben manZils rangebs Soris, amitom maTi interpretacia rTula.
socialuri urTierTobebi Zalian iSviaTad Tu aris ise mkacrad
gansazRvruli da naTlad gacnobierebuli, rom saSualebas gvaZlevdes
vTqvaT: is vinc meore davasaxele bevrad ufro momwons, vidre mesame adgilze
myofi da a.S.

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 Zalian xSirad arCevanis SesaZlebloba gansazRvruli ar aris. arCevanis
dafiqsireba ZiriTadad werilobiT xdeba TiTieuli wevris mier. iSviaTad
SeiZleba moxdes maTi Cawera interviueris mier. amis sxvadasxva SesaZlebloba
arsebobs: jgufis yvela wevris saxelis micema da wyvilebis Sedareba an sia,
romelSic saxelis gaswvriv xdeba dadebiTi an uaryofiTi arCevanis aRniSvna.
zogjer ukanaskneli xerxi dakavSirebulia 1-5 qulian skalasTan.
sociometruli kvlevis kidev erT SesaZleblobas warmoadgens arCevanis
gakeTebis SesaZleblobis gafarToeba/gavrceleba sakuTari jgufidan gareSe
jgufze. am SemTxvevaSi sxva jgufis Tavisebureba naklebad mniSvnelovania, aq
sainteresoa jgufis SigniT kontaqtis simWidrove garegan kontaqtTan
mimarTebaSi.
sociologiuri kvlevis ganzomilebebia:
1. simpatia- visTan erTad isurvebdiT……(raRacis gakeTebas)…?
antipatia
2. atitudi-qceva jgufis romel wevrTan isurvebdiT
TanamSromlobas? jgufis romel wevrTan
giTanamSromliaT?
3. kriteriumi muSaoba, mogzauroba, diskusia a.S.
4. aRqma Tqveni azriT, vin agirCevT/ an, piriqiT, ar
agirCevT?
5. intra-eqstra- arCevani SeiZleba keTdebodes mxolod jgufis
jgufi wevrebs Soris, an gavrcelebul iqnes gareSe
wevrebzec
6. arCevanis a. mxolod pozitiuri –mxolod negatiuri- orive
xasiaTi b. arCevanis raodenoba (dadgenili-dadgenili zeda
zRvari-Ria)
g. arCevanisTvis rangebis miniWeba
d. erTi an ramdenime kriteriumi

7. damatebebi a. arCevans SeiZleba daerTos interviu, romliTac

moxdeba dadgena, Tu ratom gakeTda esa Tu is
arCevani
b. Sedegebs ukukavSiris dros acnoben jgufis
wevrebs sensibilizaciis an Terapiuli mizniT

sociometruli gamokvlevis Sefaseba xdeba diagramebis, matricebis da

e.w. formulebiT.
magaliTisaTvis ganvixiloT studenturi jgufi, romelTa wevrebi
urTierTobis sirTuleebs ganicdian erTobliv proeqtze muSaobisas. jgufi
Sedgeba xuTi biWi (A, B, C, D, F, G) da sami gogo (D, E, H) studentisagan.
kriteriumad SerCeulia Semdegi SekiTxva “visTan erTad isurvebdiT
muSaobas?” gasakeTebelia ori dadebiTi arCevani (ranJirebis gareSe).
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 gakeTebuli arCevanebis gamosaxva grafikulad SesaZlebelia
sociogramisa an 1940 wels Northway-s mier SemuSavebuli e.w. samizne dafis
magvari sociogramiT.

es grafikuli gamosaxvis saSualebebi aadvileben monacemTa

interpretacias, radgan TvalsaCinod gamoxataven jgufis wevrebis
urTierTobebs. am grafikebze advilad xdeba sociometruli paternebis
amocnoba, mag.:
qvejgufebi: naklebi wevrebi reciprokuli (ormxrivi) arCevaniT, naklebi
arCevani gakeTebuli sxvebis mimarT da miRebuli sxvebisagan.
wyvilebi: ori wevri reciprokuli (ormxrivi) arCevaniT, naklebi arCevani
gakeTebuli sxvebis mimarT da miRebuli sxvebisagan.
varskvlavi (lideri, yvelaze sayvareli an bejiTi jgufis wevri): is
iRebs sakuTar Tavze bevr dadebiT arCevans, jgufis danarCeni wevrebi
erTmaneTs naklebad irCeven.
izolirebuli: wevrebi, romlebic nakleb an saerTod ar iReben dadebiT
arCevans sxvebisagan da TviTonac naklebad akeTeben arCevans.

Semdgomi damuSavebisaTvis adgenen konkretul arCevanTa sociomatricas.

A B C D E F G H
A + +
B + +
C + +
D + +
E + +
F + +
G + +
H + +
Σ 1 2 0 3 1 2 5 2

konkretuli sociometruli kvlevis miznebisa da aqedan gamomdinare

ganzomilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT sociomatrica sxvadasxva sirTulis
SeiZleba iyos. Bastin-i gvaZlevs jgufis yoveli wevrisaTvis martiv
sociometrul parametrs:
1. miRebuli dadebiTi arCevanis raodenoba
2. miRebuli uaryofiTi arCevanis raodenoba
3. gacemuli dadebiTi arCevanis raodenoba
4. gacemuli uaryofiTi arCevanis raodenoba
5. miRebuli ormxrivi dadebiTi arCevanis raodenoba
6. miRebuli ormxrivi uaryofiTi arCevanis raodenoba

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 7. adamianTa raodenoba, romelTagan wevri dadebiTi arCevanis
miRebas elis
8. adamianTa raodenoba, romelTagan wevri uaryofiTi arCevanis
miRebas elis
9. adamianTa raodenoba, romlebic sxva wevrisagan dadebiTi
arCevanis miRebas elis
10. adamianTa raodenoba, romlebic sxva wevrisagan uaryofiTi
arCevanis miRebas elis

Cveni martivi magaliTidanac naTelia, rom G miRebuli xuTi

dadebiTi arCevaniT varskvlavis poziciaSia. D, E, H qmnian e.w. dajgufebas.
A, B-s Soris Tavs iCens ormxrivi dadebiTi kavSiri, anu wyvilis poziciaSi
arian. C –s aravin ar irCevs, igi izolirebulia. pirveladi aRwera
gvaZlevs jgufis suraTs, romelic sqesis niSnis mixdeviT or qvejgufad
iyofa da erTmaneTs mxolod eqsperti-varskvlavis saSualebiT
ukavSirdebian.