Volcanic Eruption

PINEDA RAVEN, A
 One of the many problems we face nowadays are natural calamities.
 A volcano is an opening in the earth’s surface that allows magma (hot liquid and semi-
liquid rock), volcanic ash and gases to escape.
 Among natural disasters, volcanic eruptions are some of the most dangerous.

WHAT CAUSES A VOLCANIC ERUPTION:

- A volcanic eruption is when gas and/or lava are released from a volcano—sometimes
explosively.
- Volcanic eruptions can be deadly and often cause population displacement and food
shortages.
- Aftermaths of a major eruption, such as climate effects, tsunami, and famine, severely
impacts populations.

AN EXAMPLE OF A VOLCANIC ERUPTION IN INDONESIA:

- We know that Indonesia has 147 volcanoes and 76 of them are active volcanoes
- Most volcanoes in Indonesia consist of stratovolcanoes, but this does not mean that the
resulting eruptions are always explosive and they have a long period.

Sinabung volcano, Indonesia 2013-14

- Eruptions of Sinabung volcano, Indonesia have been ongoing since 2013.
- the character of eruptions has changed, from phreatic to phreatomagmatic to magmatic
explosive eruptions.
- The eruption has displaced people, destroyed infrastructure and livelihood.
WAYS TO PREPARE YOURSELF FOR A VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS:
1. Prepare and practice evacuating
2. Store clean water and food
3. Be aware of secondary risks such as landslides and flash floods
4. Learn and participate in early warning systems
5. Become familiar with volcano hazard map and danger zones.
References:

Volcanic eruptions | IFRC. (n.d.). https://www.ifrc.org/our-work/disasters-climate-and-crises/what-

disaster/volcanic-eruptions

Caldera, J. (2014). Analysis and classification of volcanic eruptions. CORE.

https://core.ac.uk/works/19160233

Team, V. (2019). Construction of probabilistic event trees for eruption forecasting at Sinabung volcano,
Indonesia 2013-14. CORE. https://core.ac.uk/works/134928568?
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