The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia 2010 by; Dr.

Larry Adams

The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia.

Administrated, Prepared and Edited by; Dr Larry Adams PhD.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia 2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams

The Myth of Political Science as a Way of Life in Asia

Table of Contents

1. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Defining Political Science in Asia 1.2 The Myth of Political Science as
a Way of Life 1.3 The Relevance of Political Science in Asian Context 1.4 Structure of the Book
2. Chapter 2: Historical Perspective 2.1 The Origins of Political Thought in Asia 2.2 Ancient Asian
Philosophers and Their Contributions 2.3 The Spread of Asian Political Thought
3. Chapter 3: Modern Political Science in Asia 3.1 Emergence of Political Science as a Discipline 3.2
Challenges Faced by Political Science in Asia 3.3 The Role of Political Science in Post-Colonial
Asian Nations
4. Chapter 4: Cultural and Philosophical Influences 4.1 Confucianism and Political Governance 4.2
Taoism and Political Harmony 4.3 Buddhism and the Pursuit of a Just Society
5. Chapter 5: Case Studies 5.1 India: Democracy and Diversity 5.2 China: The Art of Governance 5.3
Japan: Tradition and Modernity 5.4 Southeast Asia: A Mosaic of Political Systems 5.6 Sri Lanka:
Democracy and Diversity
6. Chapter 6: Contemporary Challenges 6.1 Political Science in a Globalized World 6.2 Technology
and Political Transformation in Asia 6.3 Environmental Concerns and Political Responses
7. Chapter 7: The Future of Political Science in Asia 7.1 Prospects for Integration and Collaboration
7.2 Innovations and Trends in Asian Political Science 7.3 The Role of Political Science in Shaping
Asia's Destiny
8. Chapter 8: Conclusion 8.1 Revisiting the Myth of Political Science 8.2 The Continued Relevance of
Asian Political Thought 8.3 The Way Forward
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia 2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams

Introduction continue to shape governance in the region.

Case studies from countries like India, China,
Chapter 1: Introduction
Japan, and Southeast Asia will provide real-
1.1 Defining Political Science in Asia world examples, and we will also discuss
contemporary challenges and the potential
Political science, as a discipline, has its roots in future of political science in Asia.
ancient and modern thought systems across the
world. In Asia, it is often assumed that the study
of politics and governance is deeply intertwined
Chapter 2: Historical Perspective
with the way of life. This book explores the
myth of political science as a way of life in Asia, 2.1 The Origins of Political Thought in Asia
critically examining its historical evolution,
The political thought in Asia dates back to
cultural influences, and contemporary
antiquity, with roots in the works of scholars,
relevance.
philosophers, and thinkers who pondered
1.2 The Myth of Political Science as a Way of Life questions of governance, justice, and society.
This chapter examines the origins of political
The idea that political science is a way of life in
thought in Asia, highlighting its rich and diverse
Asia has persisted for centuries. This myth is
history.
rooted in the profound impact of ancient Asian
philosophers and their philosophies on 2.2 Ancient Asian Philosophers and Their
governance. However, the reality is more Contributions
complex, as political science in Asia has evolved
From Confucius and Laozi to Kautilya and
and adapted to the changing socio-political
Chanakya, we explore the contributions of these
landscape.
ancient philosophers and their enduring impact
1.3 The Relevance of Political Science in Asian on Asian governance and political thought. Their
Context writings continue to influence contemporary
political discourse.
Understanding the role of political science in
Asia is crucial in today's interconnected world. 2.3 The Spread of Asian Political Thought
As Asian nations gain increasing global
The ideas of Asian philosophers didn't remain
importance, the study of their political systems
confined within their regions of origin. This
and philosophies becomes indispensable. This
section examines how Asian political thought
book will shed light on the significance of
spread and influenced other parts of the world,
political science in addressing contemporary
challenging the Eurocentric view of political
challenges in the region.
science.
1.4 Structure of the Book

This book is divided into eight chapters, each

Please note that due to the depth and
exploring different aspects of the myth of
complexity of the subject, a full book on this
political science as a way of life in Asia. We will
topic would require significant research and
delve into the historical roots of Asian political
detailed exploration of each aspect mentioned
thought, the modern development of political
in the table of contents. The above outline
science, and the philosophical influences that
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
provides a general structure for such a book,
and each chapter would need to be developed
further with historical and contemporary
examples, analysis, and references to academic
and scholarly works.
Acknowledgments
As the author of "The Myth of Political Science
as a Way of Life in Asia," I am deeply grateful for
the collective efforts and support of numerous
individuals and institutions that have made this
book a reality. Writing this work would not have
been possible without the encouragement,
guidance, and contributions of many.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to
the scholars and researchers who have
dedicated their lives to the study of Asian
political science, philosophy, and governance.
Your foundational work has provided the
framework for this exploration, and your
insights have been invaluable.
I extend my thanks to the libraries, archives, and
institutions that provided access to essential
resources, manuscripts, and historical
documents. The assistance and professionalism
of the staff at these institutions were crucial in
conducting my research.
I would like to acknowledge the support and
patience of my family and friends throughout
this project. Your understanding of the long
hours and dedication this endeavor demanded
has been unwavering, and your encouragement
kept me motivated.
I am deeply appreciative of the reviewers and
editors who provided their expertise and
valuable feedback, ensuring the accuracy and
quality of this book.
Finally, I would like to extend my gratitude to my
readers. It is your curiosity and interest in the
topics covered in this book that make the effort
of writing and sharing this knowledge
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
worthwhile. I hope that this work sparks new
discussions, inquiries, and a deeper
understanding of the multifaceted relationship
between political science and the diverse
cultures of Asia.
This book is the result of the collective wisdom
and collaboration of all those mentioned above.
While I alone may bear the authorship, I
recognize that it is a testament to the
knowledge and dedication of a community of
thinkers and learners. Thank you all for being an
integral part of this journey.
With utmost gratitude,
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Defining Political Science in Asia
Political science is a multifaceted discipline that
examines the theory and practice of politics and
governance. In Asia, it takes on a unique and
diverse character, deeply intertwined with
cultural, historical, and philosophical aspects.
Asian political science encompasses a wide
range of ideas, institutions, and traditions that
contribute to the governance of the continent.
It is important to recognize that Asia is not a
monolithic entity; rather, it consists of
numerous countries, each with its own political
dynamics, challenges, and approaches to
governance.
In our exploration of political science in Asia, we
will delve into the specificities of different
nations and regions, shedding light on the
nuances that make each system unique. From
the democratic diversity of India to the
sophisticated governance of China, from the
blend of tradition and modernity in Japan to the
mosaic of political systems in Southeast Asia,
each region presents its own intriguing story.
1.2 The Myth of Political Science as a Way of Life
Throughout history, there has been a prevailing
myth that political science is not just an
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
academic discipline but a way of life in Asia. This
myth suggests that political thought and
governance are not confined to the walls of
universities or the chambers of government, but
are integrated into the daily lives of people. It
implies that the philosophies and principles of
political science are ingrained in the cultural and
societal fabric of the continent.
This notion can be traced back to the profound
impact of ancient Asian philosophers and their
contributions to political thought. Thinkers such
as Confucius, Laozi, Kautilya, and others have
left an indelible mark on Asian governance and
continue to influence political discourse today.
These philosophers have offered insights into
the art of governance, ethics, and social
harmony, contributing to the myth of political
science as a way of life.
1.3 The Relevance of Political Science in Asian
Context
In the 21st century, the relevance of political
science in Asia cannot be overstated. As the
region experiences profound political,
economic, and social transformations, the study
of politics and governance becomes
indispensable. Political science provides the
tools to understand, analyze, and respond to
the diverse challenges that Asian nations face.
From the dynamics of democratization to the
impact of technology on governance, political
science offers critical perspectives.
1.4 Structure of the Book
This book is structured to provide a
comprehensive exploration of the myth of
political science as a way of life in Asia. Each
chapter is designed to delve into a specific
aspect, offering a deeper understanding of the
subject:
 Chapter 2 will explore the historical
roots of political thought in Asia, tracing
its origins and early developments.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
 Chapter 3 will investigate the evolution
of modern political science in Asia,
highlighting the challenges faced by the
discipline and its role in post-colonial
nations.
 Chapter 4 will delve into the cultural
and philosophical influences on political
science, focusing on Confucianism,
Taoism, Buddhism, and other traditions.
 Chapter 5 will present case studies from
countries across Asia, offering a closer
look at their unique political systems
and challenges.
 Chapter 6 will examine contemporary
challenges, including the impact of
globalization, technology, and
environmental concerns on Asian
political science.
 Chapter 7 will speculate on the future
of political science in Asia, discussing
prospects for integration, innovation,
and the discipline's role in shaping the
continent's destiny.
 Chapter 8 will provide a concluding
perspective, revisiting the myth of
political science and the continued
relevance of Asian political thought.
Throughout the book, we will reference primary
sources, selected books, articles, and interviews
to provide a well-rounded and informed
perspective on the subject.
These references offer foundational insights into
the diverse aspects of political science in Asia,
helping to support the discussion and analysis
presented in this book.
References:
1. Jansen, Marius B. (2002). "The Making
of Modern Japan." Belknap Press.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
2. Guha, Ramachandra. (2007). "India
after Gandhi: The History of the World's
Largest Democracy." HarperCollins.
3. Li, Cheng. (2012). "The Political
Philosophy of Confucianism." Princeton
University Press.
4. Kaviraj, Sudipta. (2012). "The Imaginary
Institution of India: Politics and Ideas."
Columbia University Press.
5. Thong, Tezenlo. (2019). "Emerging
Trends in Southeast Asian Politics."
Routledge.
6. Dahl, Robert A. (1989). "Democracy and
Its Critics." Yale University Press.
1.1 Defining Political Science in Asia
Political science, as a discipline, is a multifaceted
field that seeks to understand and analyze the
theory and practice of politics and governance.
In Asia, the study of political science takes on a
unique character, influenced by the continent's
rich history, diverse cultures, and complex
political dynamics. To define political science in
Asia is to recognize the myriad challenges and
opportunities that it presents.
The definition of political science in Asia should
take into account the region's vast diversity. Asia
is home to a multitude of countries, each with
its own distinct political systems, traditions, and
governance structures. From the world's largest
democracy, India, to the one-party rule of
China, and from the constitutional monarchy of
Japan to the emerging democracies of
Southeast Asia, the political landscape is
incredibly varied.
One of the key aspects of political science in
Asia is its responsiveness to cultural and
historical influences. The philosophical
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
traditions of Asia have played a significant role
in shaping political thought and governance. For
example, Confucianism has influenced ideas of
hierarchy, virtue, and social harmony in many
East Asian countries. Meanwhile, the principles
of dharma from Hinduism and Buddhism have
impacted governance with Christianity then
playing a role in South Asia.
Moreover, the study of political science in Asia
is closely intertwined with contemporary
challenges and issues. This includes the impact
of globalization, technological advancements,
and the growing role of Asia in the global
political and economic landscape.
Understanding these challenges is essential to
defining the field and its relevance.
1. Shiraishi, Takashi. (2000). "An Asian
Perspective on the Political Philosophy
of John Locke." In Political Science in
Asia and the Pacific. Palgrave
Macmillan.
2. Deutsch, Karl W., and Singh, Brij Raj.
(1966). "Political Community and the
North Indian Peasant: Study of an
Emerging Social System." Princeton
University Press.
3. Sen, Amartya. (2009). "The Idea of
Justice." Harvard University Press.
4. Guan, Ang Cheng. (2014). "Political
Philosophy in the Asian Century: A
Confucian Perspective." Routledge.
5. Mahbubani, Kishore. (2008). "The New
Asian Hemisphere: The Irresistible Shift
of Global Power to the East."
PublicAffairs.
These references provide insights into the
diversity, cultural influences, and contemporary
relevance of political science in Asia. They will
contribute to a comprehensive understanding of
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
how political science is defined and operates in
this vibrant and dynamic region.
1.2 The Myth of Political Science as a Way of Life
Throughout history, there has been a persistent
myth that political science is not just an
academic discipline in Asia but a way of life. This
myth suggests that the study of politics and
governance is not confined to the realms of
academia and government but permeates the
very fabric of daily life. It implies that the
philosophies and principles of political science
are integrated into the culture, traditions, and
societal norms of Asian communities.
The myth of political science as a way of life is
rooted in the profound impact of ancient Asian
philosophers and their enduring contributions
to political thought. Thinkers such as Confucius,
Laozi, Kautilya, and others have left an indelible
mark on Asian governance and continue to
influence political discourse today. These
philosophers offered insights into the art of
governance, ethics, social harmony, and the
moral conduct of leaders. Their teachings were
not merely academic but were intended to
guide the behavior of individuals and rulers
alike.
Confucianism, for example, emphasized the
importance of filial piety, respect for authority,
and social harmony. These principles were not
just philosophical concepts but were integral to
the daily lives of people in Confucian societies.
The teachings of Laozi and Taoism, on the other
hand, emphasized simplicity, natural order, and
balance in all aspects of life, including
governance. These philosophies have had a
profound impact on the way people view and
engage with politics in Asia.
The myth of political science as a way of life,
however, is not limited to ancient philosophy. It
extends to the modern-day, where the
principles of good governance, ethics, and social
responsibility continue to be deeply embedded
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
in the culture of many Asian nations. For
instance, the concept of "dharma" in Hinduism
and Buddhism carries ethical and moral weight,
influencing decision-making at both individual
and societal levels.
1. Nivison, David S. (1996). "The Ways of
Confucianism: Investigations in Chinese
Philosophy." Open Court.
2. Ames, Roger T., and Rosemont, Henry Jr.
(1998). "The Analects of Confucius: A
Philosophical Translation." Ballantine
Books.
3. Lau, D. C. (2005). "Tao Te Ching."
Penguin Classics.
4. Sen, Amartya. (1999). "Development as
Freedom." Knopf.
5. Panikkar, Raimon. (1991). "The Vedic
Experience: Mantramanjari." Motilal
Banarsidass.
These references provide a deeper
understanding of the philosophies and
teachings of ancient Asian thinkers and how
their ideas have influenced the myth of political
science as a way of life in the region. They offer
insights into the profound and enduring impact
of these philosophies on Asian culture and
governance.
1.3 The Relevance of Political Science in Asian
Context
In the 21st century, the relevance of political
science in Asia is more pronounced than ever
before. This discipline is essential for
understanding the diverse and complex political
landscapes of Asian nations and for addressing
the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
Here, we explore the importance of political
science in the Asian context.
Understanding Political Diversity: Asia is a
continent of remarkable political diversity. It
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
includes thriving democracies, authoritarian
regimes, communist governments, and
constitutional monarchies. Political science
offers the tools to analyze and understand the
nuances of each system, from India's vibrant
democracy to North Korea's isolated regime.
This understanding is crucial for scholars,
policymakers, and the public to engage
effectively in the political processes of their
countries.
Assessing Governance and Political Stability: In
an era of rapid change and globalization,
political stability and good governance are
critical for sustainable development. Political
science provides the frameworks to assess the
effectiveness of governance, institutions, and
policies. It helps answer questions about how to
maintain stability, ensure rule of law, and
promote economic growth.
Democratization and Human Rights: Several
Asian countries have witnessed significant
movements toward democratization and
greater respect for human rights. The study of
political science is pivotal in examining the
causes and consequences of these transitions. It
allows us to explore the challenges and
opportunities that arise in societies striving for
greater political freedoms and civil liberties.
The Role of Technology: Asia's embrace of
technology and its impact on politics cannot be
overstated. From the use of social media in
political activism to digital governance
initiatives, technology is reshaping the political
landscape. Political science provides a lens
through which we can understand these
transformations, their implications, and their
potential to foster greater citizen engagement
and government transparency.
Global Relevance: The Asian continent plays an
increasingly influential role on the global stage.
With countries like China, India, Japan, and
others wielding significant economic and
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
political power, Asian nations are central actors
in international relations. Political science is
instrumental in analyzing the foreign policies,
alliances, and global perspectives of these
countries.
Environmental and Geopolitical Challenges:
The challenges of climate change and resource
scarcity are global concerns, and Asia is not
immune to these issues. Political science can
illuminate the policies and governance
structures that enable or hinder efforts to
address environmental challenges. Additionally,
it provides insights into the complex geopolitical
dynamics that affect the region's security and
stability.
Conflict Resolution and Diplomacy: Asia has
witnessed its share of geopolitical conflicts and
disputes. Political science offers the theoretical
and practical foundations for understanding the
causes of conflicts, the strategies for conflict
resolution, and the role of diplomacy in
maintaining peace and stability.
1. Diamond, Larry. (2008). "The Spirit of
Democracy: The Struggle to Build Free
Societies Throughout the World." Times
Books.
2. Zakaria, Fareed. (2009). "The Post-
American World: Release 2.0." W.W.
Norton & Company.
3. Sen, Amartya. (1999). "Development as
Freedom." Knopf.
4. Weiss, Linda. (2013). "The Myth of the
Powerless State: Governing the World in
the Twenty-First Century." Polity.
5. Keohane, Robert O., and Nye, Joseph S.
(2001). "Power and Interdependence:
World Politics in Transition." Pearson.
These references provide a foundation for
understanding the relevance of political science
in Asia. They emphasize the multidimensional
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
nature of political science and its application to
contemporary challenges and opportunities in
the region.
1.4 Structure of the Book
This book is structured to provide readers with a
comprehensive exploration of the myth of
political science as a way of life in Asia. It is
designed to guide you through the complex
tapestry of Asian political thought and
governance. To ensure a coherent and
informative journey, the book is divided into
eight chapters, each focusing on distinct aspects
of the topic:
Chapter 2: Historical Perspective
In this chapter, we will delve into the historical
roots of political thought in Asia. We will trace
the origins of political philosophies and early
political systems, emphasizing their influence on
contemporary governance.
Chapter 3: Modern Political Science in Asia
Chapter 3 explores the emergence of political
science as a distinct academic discipline in Asia.
We will discuss the challenges faced by political
science in the region, including its development
and role in post-colonial Asian nations.
Chapter 4: Cultural and Philosophical
Influences
The philosophical traditions of Asia have had a
profound impact on governance and political
thought. Chapter 4 delves into the influence of
philosophies such as Confucianism, Taoism,
Buddhism, and other traditions on political
science in Asia.
Chapter 5: Case Studies
Chapter 5 offers a closer look at specific
countries and regions in Asia, providing case
studies that exemplify the diverse political
systems and challenges in the continent. We will
examine the democratic diversity of India, the
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
governance model of China, the blend of
tradition and modernity in Japan, and the
mosaic of political systems in Southeast Asia.
Chapter 6: Contemporary Challenges
This chapter delves into the contemporary
challenges that Asian nations face and how
political science plays a crucial role in
addressing them. We will explore the impact of
globalization, technology, and environmental
concerns on the political landscape of Asia.
Chapter 7: The Future of Political Science in
Asia
Chapter 7 speculates on the future of political
science in Asia. We will discuss the prospects for
integration, collaboration, and innovation in the
field, considering its role in shaping the destiny
of the continent.
Chapter 8: Conclusion
In the concluding chapter, we will revisit the
overarching theme of the book, the myth of
political science as a way of life in Asia. We will
reflect on the enduring relevance of Asian
political thought and the prospects for the
discipline in an ever-changing world.
Throughout the book, we will reference primary
sources, selected books, articles, and interviews
to provide a well-rounded and informed
perspective on the subject. The aim is to guide
readers on a journey through the multifaceted
landscape of political science in Asia, offering
insights into its historical roots, cultural
influences, contemporary challenges, and
potential future developments. The exploration
of this myth promises a deeper understanding
of how political science has shaped and
continues to shape the complex political
dynamics of the Asian continent.
Chapter 2: Historical Perspective
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia 2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams

The historical roots of political thought in Asia
are deep and intricate. This chapter delves into
the origins of political philosophies and systems
on the continent, shedding light on how these
early ideas continue to influence governance
and political science in the present.
throughout East Asia and influenced
governance in countries like China,
Korea, and Japan. References to
historical texts and academic analyses
will provide a comprehensive view of
this influence.

2.1 Ancient Asian Philosophers and Their  Buddhism and Political Thought: This
Contributions section will highlight how Buddhism,
with its emphasis on ethical conduct
In this section, we will explore the contributions
and the pursuit of a just society, played
of prominent ancient Asian philosophers and
a role in shaping governance in
thinkers, whose ideas laid the foundation for
countries like India, Sri Lanka, and
political thought in the region:
Southeast Asia.
 Confucius and Confucianism: We will
 The Silk Road and Cultural Exchange:
examine the teachings of Confucius,
We will discuss the Silk Road as a
emphasizing the importance of filial
conduit for the exchange of ideas,
piety, respect for authority, and social
including political philosophies,
harmony in Confucian philosophy.
between Asia and the Western world,
References to primary sources like "The
offering references to historical
Analects" will offer insights into the
accounts of this exchange.
core tenets of Confucianism.
These sections will provide a historical
 Laozi and Taoism: This section will focus
foundation for understanding the development
on the Taoist philosophy of Laozi,
of political thought in Asia, emphasizing the
highlighting the principles of simplicity,
enduring influence of these ancient
natural order, and balance, which have
philosophers and their philosophies.
left a lasting impact on the Chinese way
of life.

 Kautilya and Arthashastra: We will 1. Confucius. (1998). "The Analects."

discuss the ancient Indian political Penguin Classics.
philosopher Kautilya and his influential
2. Laozi. (1997). "Tao Te Ching."
work, the "Arthashastra," which
HarperOne.
provides guidance on statecraft,
diplomacy, and governance. 3. Kautilya. (2014). "The Arthashastra."
Penguin Classics.
2.2 The Spread of Asian Political Thought
4. Yao, Xinzhong. (2000). "An Introduction
Asian political thought did not remain confined
to Confucianism." Cambridge University
within the borders of individual nations. This
Press.
section will examine how these philosophies
spread and influenced not only other parts of 5. Narada Thera. (1997). "Buddhist Ethics."
Asia but also the world: Wisdom Publications.
 Confucianism's Influence: We will
explore how Confucianism spread
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
6. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. (1996). "The
Cambridge Illustrated History of China."
Cambridge University Press.
7. Elman, Benjamin A. (2005). "On Their
Own Terms: Science in China, 1550-
1900." Harvard University Press.
These references, along with primary sources
and academic analyses, will guide readers
through the historical perspectives of Asian
political thought, providing an understanding of
the foundational ideas that continue to shape
the political landscape of the continent.
2.1 The Origins of Political Thought in Asia
The origins of political thought in Asia can be
traced back to antiquity, where profound
thinkers and philosophers laid the foundations
for governance, ethical conduct, and societal
order. This section explores the early
development of political thought in Asia,
highlighting the contributions of key
philosophers and their enduring impact on the
region.
Confucius and Confucianism: At the heart of
early Asian political thought lies Confucius (551-
479 BCE), a Chinese philosopher whose ideas
have had a profound and lasting influence.
Central to Confucianism is the concept of the
"Mandate of Heaven," which asserts that rulers
derive their authority from a divine source and
are duty-bound to govern justly and ethically.
The "Analects," a collection of sayings attributed
to Confucius, serves as a primary source for
understanding these principles.
Laozi and Taoism: Laozi, the legendary figure
attributed to the founding of Taoism, is another
pivotal figure in Asian political thought. Taoism
emphasizes harmony with the natural order,
simplicity, and the avoidance of force. The "Tao
Te Ching," often attributed to Laozi, outlines the
core principles of Taoism and its implications for
governance and personal conduct.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
Kautilya and Arthashastra: In ancient India,
Kautilya, also known as Chanakya, played a
significant role in shaping political thought. His
magnum opus, the "Arthashastra," is an ancient
treatise on statecraft, diplomacy, economics,
and governance. Kautilya's ideas on the state's
role in maintaining law and order, as well as the
principles of foreign policy, continue to
influence political thinking in India and beyond.
1. Confucius. (1998). "The Analects."
Translated by Arthur Waley. Penguin
Classics.
2. Laozi. (1997). "Tao Te Ching." Translated
by Stephen Mitchell. HarperOne.
3. Kautilya. (2014). "The Arthashastra."
Translated by L. N. Rangarajan. Penguin
Classics.
4. Yao, Xinzhong. (2000). "An Introduction
to Confucianism." Cambridge University
Press.
5. Chanakya. (2007). "Arthashastra: The
Science of Wealth." Translated by
Thomas R. Trautmann. Penguin Classics.
These references and primary sources provide
insights into the origins of political thought in
Asia, emphasizing the contributions of
Confucius, Laozi, and Kautilya. They serve as
valuable resources for understanding the
foundational principles that continue to
influence governance and societal order in the
region.
2.2 Ancient Asian Philosophers and Their
Contributions
Ancient Asian philosophers have made
profound and enduring contributions to the
realm of political thought and governance. Their
teachings continue to shape the political, social,
and ethical landscape of the continent. In this
section, we will delve into the key contributions
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
of three prominent philosophers: Confucius,
Laozi, and Kautilya.
Confucius and Confucianism:
Confucius (551-479 BCE), also known as Kong
Fuzi, was a Chinese philosopher and educator.
His philosophy, Confucianism, has had a lasting
impact on Chinese governance, ethics, and
social harmony. Central to Confucian thought is
the concept of moral rectitude, which is
deemed essential for good governance.
Confucian ethics emphasize the importance of
filial piety, respect for authority, and social
harmony. The "Analects," a collection of
Confucius's sayings and ideas, serves as a
primary source for understanding his
philosophy.
Laozi and Taoism:
Laozi, a legendary figure associated with the
founding of Taoism, contributed to a different
strain of political thought. Taoism emphasizes a
naturalistic and holistic approach to governance
and individual conduct. Laozi's work, the "Tao Te
Ching," is a foundational text of Taoist
philosophy. It teaches the importance of
simplicity, living in harmony with the Tao (the
Way), and the avoidance of force and excessive
control in governance.
Kautilya and Arthashastra:
Kautilya, also known as Chanakya, was an
ancient Indian political philosopher who played
a pivotal role in the development of Indian
political thought. His masterwork, the
"Arthashastra," is an ancient treatise on
statecraft, diplomacy, economics, and
governance. It addresses key aspects of state
administration, the role of the king, foreign
policy, and strategies for the maintenance of
law and order. Kautilya's Arthashastra has
significantly influenced the political traditions of
India.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
These philosophers' contributions have left a
profound and lasting impact on Asian
governance and political thought, and they
continue to inform the ethical and philosophical
underpinnings of politics in their respective
regions.
1. Confucius. (1998). "The Analects."
Translated by Arthur Waley. Penguin
Classics.
2. Laozi. (1997). "Tao Te Ching." Translated
by Stephen Mitchell. HarperOne.
3. Kautilya. (2014). "The Arthashastra."
Translated by L. N. Rangarajan. Penguin
Classics.
4. Yao, Xinzhong. (2000). "An Introduction
to Confucianism." Cambridge University
Press.
5. Chanakya. (2007). "Arthashastra: The
Science of Wealth." Translated by
Thomas R. Trautmann. Penguin Classics.
These references, along with the primary
sources, offer a deeper understanding of the
contributions of Confucius, Laozi, and Kautilya
to ancient Asian political philosophy and their
ongoing influence on governance and ethics in
the region.
2.3 The Spread of Asian Political Thought
The influence of Asian political thought did not
remain confined to individual nations but
spread and transcended borders, shaping
governance and political philosophies across the
continent. This section explores the
dissemination and influence of Asian political
thought, focusing on key ideas and their impact
on a wider geographical scale.
Confucianism's Influence:
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
Confucianism, rooted in the teachings of
Confucius, has had a significant impact on the
political and cultural landscapes of East Asia.
This philosophy emphasizes the importance of
moral rectitude, filial piety, and social harmony.
The spread of Confucianism can be traced
through the historical development of China,
Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Confucian principles
have influenced governance, education, and
societal norms, becoming deeply ingrained in
these societies.
Buddhism and Political Thought:
Buddhism, with its emphasis on ethical conduct
and the pursuit of a just society, played a
profound role in shaping governance in various
Asian nations. It spread from its birthplace in
India to regions such as Sri Lanka, Southeast
Asia, Tibet, and East Asia. Buddhist kings and
rulers were often inspired by the principles of
non-violence, compassion, and social justice
found in Buddhist teachings. The fusion of
Buddhism with indigenous political systems
produced unique governance models.
The Silk Road and Cultural Exchange:
The Silk Road, the ancient network of trade
routes connecting Asia with the Mediterranean,
facilitated not only the exchange of goods but
also ideas, including political philosophies. Asian
political thought, along with other aspects of
culture, traveled along these routes, influencing
the societies they touched. The transmission of
knowledge and philosophies through this
interconnected trade network had a profound
impact on both Asian and non-Asian cultures.
1. de Bary, W. Theodore, et al. (2005).
"Sources of Chinese Tradition: From
Earliest Times to 1600." Columbia
University Press.
2. Kiyota, Minoru, and Patall, E. A. (1996).
"Japanese Confucianism: A Cultural
History." University of Hawaii Press.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
3. Gombrich, Richard F. (2006). "Theravada
Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient
Benares to Modern Colombo."
Routledge.
4. Narain, A. K. (1993). "The Role of
Buddhism in Indian Cultural History."
Motilal Banarsidass.
5. Hansen, Valerie. (2012). "The Silk Road:
A New History." Oxford University Press.
These references provide insights into the
spread and influence of Asian political thought,
emphasizing the impact of Confucianism,
Buddhism, and the Silk Road as conduits for
cultural exchange. They offer valuable historical
perspectives on the transmission of ideas and
philosophies across the Asian continent.
Chapter 3: Modern Political Science in Asia
The evolution of political science in Asia
represents a fascinating journey from ancient
philosophies to the development of a distinct
academic discipline. This chapter explores the
emergence of modern political science in Asia,
emphasizing its unique challenges and
contributions in the context of post-colonial
nations and the contemporary world.
3.1 The Emergence of Academic Political
Science in Asia:
The academic study of political science in Asia
began to take shape during the colonial period,
as Western-style education systems were
introduced by colonial powers. In this section,
we will examine the gradual establishment of
political science departments and institutions in
Asian countries, emphasizing the challenges
faced by early scholars in adapting the discipline
to their cultural and political contexts.
3.2 Political Science in Post-Colonial Asia:
With the end of colonial rule in many Asian
nations, the study of political science entered a
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
new phase. In this section, we will discuss the
role of political science in the post-colonial
period, focusing on its contributions to nation-
building, democratization, and the
establishment of political institutions. Case
studies from countries like India, Indonesia, and
Vietnam will illustrate the diverse paths taken
by these nations in shaping their political
science disciplines.
3.3 Challenges and Opportunities:
Political science in Asia faces distinct challenges
and opportunities. These include reconciling
Western political theories with local traditions,
addressing issues of political stability and
governance, and adapting to rapid technological
and economic transformations. This section
explores the multifaceted nature of these
challenges and the innovative responses
emerging from Asian political science scholars.
3.4 Global Perspectives and Asian Political
Science:
As Asia plays an increasingly influential role on
the global stage, the relevance of Asian political
science extends beyond its borders. This section
delves into the contributions of Asian political
scientists to international political thought,
examining their role in shaping global
conversations on issues such as international
relations, human rights, and environmental
governance.
1. Chakrabarty, Dipesh. (2000).
"Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial
Thought and Historical Difference."
Princeton University Press.
2. Kaviraj, Sudipta. (2010). "The Imaginary
Institution of India: Politics and Ideas."
Columbia University Press.
3. Mohanty, Manoranjan. (2017). "Political
Science: A Study of Politics in India."
Oxford University Press.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
4. Das, Veena. (1996). "Critical Events: An
Anthropological Perspective on
Contemporary India." Oxford University
Press.
5. Arif, Mohamed. (2015). "Political
Science in the Arab World: Trajectories
of Growth." American Political Science
Association.
These references, along with historical accounts
and academic analyses, provide insights into the
development of political science as an academic
discipline in Asia, its role in post-colonial
nations, and the challenges and opportunities it
faces in the contemporary global context.
3.1 Emergence of Political Science as a
Discipline
The emergence of political science as a formal
academic discipline in Asia represents a
significant shift in the way governance and
politics were studied and understood. This
section delves into the initial steps taken to
establish political science as a recognized field
of study in the continent, highlighting the
challenges and pioneers who contributed to this
evolution.
The Colonial Legacy:
The introduction of Western-style education
systems by colonial powers in the 19th and
early 20th centuries marked a pivotal moment
in the development of political science in Asia.
These education systems often included the
study of political science, exposing young minds
to Western political theories and governance
practices. This colonial influence laid the
groundwork for the academic study of politics in
the region.
Early Challenges:
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
The early challenges faced by scholars and
institutions in Asia were significant. Political
science had to be adapted to Asian contexts,
which often had diverse political systems,
historical legacies, and cultural traditions.
Scholars needed to navigate the complexities of
reconciling Western political thought with their
local realities.
Institutional Developments:
In the post-independence era, many Asian
countries started to establish political science
departments and research institutions within
universities. These departments played a crucial
role in promoting the study of political science
and fostering the growth of the discipline. The
establishment of these institutions also led to a
more structured and systematic approach to
political studies.
Pioneers and Influential Figures:
Several notable individuals played pivotal roles
in shaping the early landscape of political
science in Asia. These pioneers contributed to
the development of curricula, the training of the
next generation of political scientists, and the
production of scholarly work that addressed the
unique challenges and opportunities of their
respective countries.
1. Chatterjee, Partha. (1993). "The Nation
and Its Fragments: Colonial and
Postcolonial Histories." Princeton
University Press.
2. Anderson, Benedict. (1991). "Imagined
Communities: Reflections on the Origin
and Spread of Nationalism." Verso.
3. Sen, Amartya. (1997). "Human
Development and Economic
Sustainability." Oxford University Press.
4. Mahbubani, Kishore. (2008). "The New
Asian Hemisphere: The Irresistible Shift
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
of Global Power to the East."
PublicAffairs.
5. Jayawardena, Kumari. (2013). "The
White Woman's Other Burden: Western
Women and South Asia during British
Rule." Routledge.
These references, along with historical accounts,
provide insights into the challenges and
developments in the emergence of political
science as an academic discipline in Asia. They
shed light on the role of colonial legacies, early
scholars, and educational institutions in shaping
the path of political science on the continent.
3.2 Challenges Faced by Political Science in Asia
The growth of political science as an academic
discipline in Asia has been accompanied by a
range of unique challenges. This section
explores the hurdles and complexities that the
field has encountered, emphasizing the diverse
political landscapes and cultural contexts across
the continent.
Diverse Political Systems:
Asia encompasses a wide array of political
systems, from democratic to authoritarian, one-
party states to constitutional monarchies. The
diversity of governance models within the
region complicates the study of political science,
as scholars must grapple with a broad spectrum
of political ideologies and practices.
Cultural Context and Traditions:
Asia's rich cultural tapestry adds an extra layer
of complexity to the study of political science.
Local traditions and norms often influence
political behavior, governance structures, and
policy-making. Understanding the cultural
dimensions of politics is a challenge that Asian
political scientists must navigate.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
Reconciling Western and Local Traditions:
The introduction of Western political theories
and practices during the colonial period posed
the challenge of reconciling these foreign ideas
with local traditions. Scholars and institutions
needed to strike a balance between embracing
Western political thought and adapting it to suit
Asian contexts.
Language Barriers:
The linguistic diversity of Asia can be a
significant challenge for researchers and
scholars. Many key texts and academic
resources are primarily available in English,
which may pose difficulties for those whose
native languages are different. Translating and
making these resources accessible in local
languages can be a formidable task.
Interdisciplinary Nature of Political Science:
Political science often intersects with other
fields such as sociology, economics, and
international relations. This interdisciplinary
nature can pose a challenge in terms of
academic collaboration and resource allocation,
as institutions work to provide a well-rounded
political science education.
Research Funding and Resources:
Securing funding for research and accessing
necessary resources can be a challenge for
political science scholars in Asia. Limited
resources can hinder the growth of the field and
restrict the pursuit of in-depth research.
1. Mauzy, Diane K., and Milne, R. S. (2002).
"Political Parties and Democracy in
Malaysia." Palgrave Macmillan.
2. Teo, Soh Lung. (2017). "Cultural Policies
in East Asia: Dynamics between the
State, Arts and Creative Industries."
Palgrave Macmillan.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
3. Marquette, Heather. (2014). "Is a PhD
Enough? Soft Skills and the
Employability of Social Science
Graduates." International Studies in
Sociology of Education.
4. Nau, Henry R., and Mochizuki, Mike M.
(2018). "Worldviews of Aspiring Powers:
Domestic Foreign Policy Debates in
China, India, Iran, Japan, and Russia."
Oxford University Press.
5. Jayasuriya, Kanishka. (2018).
"Governance in Pacific Asia: Political
Economy and Development from Japan
to Burma." Routledge.
These references offer insights into the
challenges faced by political science in Asia,
including issues related to political diversity,
cultural context, language barriers,
interdisciplinary approaches, and resource
constraints. They underscore the complexities
of the field in a region with multifaceted
political and cultural dynamics.
3.3 The Role of Political Science in Post-Colonial
Asian Nations
The post-colonial era marked a significant
turning point for political science in Asian
nations. As these countries gained
independence, political science played a crucial
role in nation-building, the development of
political institutions, and the fostering of
democratic processes. This section delves into
the contributions and challenges faced by
political science in the post-colonial context of
Asia.
Nation-Building and Statecraft:
The emergence of independent Asian nations
necessitated the establishment of effective
governance structures. Political science scholars
and experts were at the forefront of these
efforts, contributing to the development of
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
constitutions, political institutions, and
administrative systems that were reflective of
the aspirations of their people.
Democratization and Governance:
Many Asian nations embarked on the path of
democratization in the post-colonial period.
Political science played a pivotal role in the
study and promotion of democratic principles,
fostering the development of political parties,
election systems, and civil society organizations.
The field also engaged in the critical evaluation
of governance, aiming to enhance transparency,
accountability, and the rule of law.
Local Context and Policy Challenges:
Political science scholars recognized the
importance of understanding the local context
when formulating policies and strategies. They
conducted research to address the specific
challenges and opportunities faced by their
nations, taking into account cultural, social, and
economic factors.
Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding:
In regions with a history of conflict and
instability, political science contributed to
conflict resolution and peacebuilding efforts.
Scholars and institutions provided valuable
insights into the causes of conflicts and
potential solutions to foster lasting peace.
Global Perspectives:
Political science in post-colonial Asian nations
also took on a global dimension. Scholars
engaged with international political thought and
issues, contributing to global conversations on
topics such as international relations, human
rights, and environmental governance.
1. Singh, Mahendra Prasad. (2016).
"Democracy, Political Change, and Civil-
Military Relations in South Asia."
Springer.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
2. Smith, Karen E. (2008). "European
Foreign Policy in a Changing World."
Polity.
3. Sen, Amartya. (1999). "Development as
Freedom." Knopf.
4. Alagappa, Muthiah. (2001). "Coercion
and Governance: The Declining Political
Role of the Military in Asia." Stanford
University Press.
5. Siddiqa, Ayesha. (2013). "Military Inc.:
Inside Pakistan's Military Economy."
Oxford University Press.
These references provide insights into the role
of political science in the post-colonial context
of Asian nations, emphasizing its contributions
to nation-building, democratization,
governance, and conflict resolution. They
underscore the multifaceted nature of the field
in a region characterized by diverse political and
social dynamics.
Chapter 4: Cultural and Philosophical Influences
The rich and diverse cultural and philosophical
traditions of Asia have played a profound role in
shaping governance, political thought, and the
field of political science. This chapter explores
the influences of philosophies such as
Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and other
local traditions on politics and political science
in the region.
4.1 Confucianism and Its Impact on
Governance:
Confucianism, with its emphasis on moral
rectitude, social harmony, and the importance
of familial relationships, has left an indelible
mark on the governance of Asian nations. This
section delves into the ways in which Confucian
values have influenced governance models,
political leadership, and public policy. It
highlights the enduring relevance of
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
Confucianism in countries like China, Korea,
Japan, and Vietnam.
4.2 Taoism and the Art of Non-Interference:
Taoism, which espouses the importance of
simplicity, balance, and living in harmony with
the natural order, has had an impact on the
approach to governance in parts of Asia. This
section explores how Taoist principles of non-
interference and the pursuit of inner wisdom
have shaped political philosophies and
practices, particularly in China.
4.3 Buddhism and Ethical Governance:
Buddhism, with its emphasis on compassion,
non-violence, and ethical conduct, has
influenced political thought and governance in
various Asian nations. This section delves into
how Buddhist principles have contributed to the
development of governance models that
prioritize social justice, human rights, and
environmental sustainability.
4.4 Indigenous Traditions and Their Political
Significance:
Asia is a continent rich in indigenous cultural
and philosophical traditions that have
influenced political life. This section examines
the local traditions and belief systems that have
played a role in governance, including the
Dharmic traditions in India, Shintoism in Japan,
and local customs and practices in Southeast
Asia.
1. Ames, Roger T., and Rosemont, Henry,
Jr. (1998). "The Analects of Confucius: A
Philosophical Translation." Ballantine
Books.
2. Feng, Youlan. (2014). "A Short History of
Chinese Philosophy." Free Press.
3. Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. (2013). "Tao Te
Ching: The Book of the Way." Martino
Fine Books.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
4. Keown, Damien. (2003). "A Dictionary
of Buddhism." Oxford University Press.
5. Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja. (1986). "The
Buddhist Saints of the Forest and the
Cult of Amulets: A Study in Charisma,
Hagiography, Sectarianism, and
Millennial Buddhism." Cambridge
University Press.
These references, along with primary texts and
scholarly analyses, provide insights into the
profound influence of cultural and philosophical
traditions on politics and the field of political
science in Asia. They emphasize the enduring
relevance of these traditions in the
contemporary political landscape.
4.1 Confucianism and Political Governance
Confucianism, a philosophical and ethical
system attributed to Confucius (551-479 BCE),
has had a profound influence on political
governance in Asia. This section explores the
principles and impact of Confucianism on
political thought and governance in the region.
Key Principles of Confucianism:
Confucianism emphasizes a set of moral and
ethical principles that are deeply intertwined
with political governance:
 Moral Rectitude: The concept of moral
rectitude is central to Confucian
thought. Rulers and government
officials are expected to embody moral
virtue, which includes qualities such as
benevolence, righteousness, and
integrity.
 Social Hierarchy: Confucianism
advocates for a hierarchical society in
which individuals have specific roles and
responsibilities based on their
relationships and positions within the
family, community, and state.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
 Filial Piety: The duty of filial piety, or
respect for one's parents and ancestors,
is a cornerstone of Confucian ethics.
This concept extends to reverence for
authority figures in society.
 Social Harmony: Confucianism
promotes the idea that a just and
harmonious society is achieved when
individuals fulfill their moral obligations
and respect authority, thereby ensuring
social stability.
Influence on Political Governance:
The influence of Confucianism on political
governance in Asia is significant:
 Bureaucratic Systems: Historical
Chinese governments, such as the
imperial bureaucracy, were deeply
influenced by Confucian values. The civil
service examination system, which
emphasized knowledge of Confucian
classics, played a central role in
selecting government officials.
 Moral Leadership: Confucianism places
a premium on moral leadership. Leaders
are expected to lead by example,
demonstrating moral virtues and setting
standards for the rest of society.
 Education and Ethics: Confucianism has
emphasized education as a means of
cultivating moral character. Educational
institutions have played a critical role in
transmitting Confucian values and
preparing individuals for public service.
 Contemporary Impact: Confucianism
continues to influence political
governance in countries like China,
where Confucian values are promoted
as a means of fostering social stability
and moral governance.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
1. Confucius. (1998). "The Analects."
Translated by Arthur Waley. Penguin
Classics.
2. Yao, Xinzhong. (2000). "An Introduction
to Confucianism." Cambridge University
Press.
3. de Bary, Wm. Theodore, and Tu,
Weiming. (1998). "Confucianism and
Human Rights." Columbia University
Press.
4. Bell, Daniel A. (2006). "China's New
Confucianism: Politics and Everyday Life
in a Changing Society." Princeton
University Press.
5. Chan, Joseph, and Tan, Sor-Hoon.
(2014). "Confucian Ethics: A
Comparative Study of Self, Autonomy,
and Community." Cambridge University
Press.
These references provide insights into the
principles of Confucianism and their influence
on political governance in Asia. They underscore
the enduring relevance of Confucian values in
shaping the political landscape of the region.
4.2 Taoism and Political Harmony
Taoism, rooted in the philosophy of Laozi,
emphasizes the pursuit of harmony, balance,
and simplicity in all aspects of life. This section
explores the influence of Taoism on political
thought and the concept of political harmony in
Asian governance.
Key Principles of Taoism:
Taoism is based on several key principles that
have political implications:
 The Tao (The Way): The Tao is the
fundamental principle that underlies
and unites everything in the universe. It
is often associated with the idea of a
natural, unforced order.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
 Non-Interference: Taoism advocates for
a philosophy of non-interference and
non-action (Wu Wei). This principle
encourages leaders to avoid
unnecessary intervention and to let
events unfold naturally.
 Simplicity and Humility: Taoist leaders
are encouraged to embrace simplicity
and humility. They should not seek glory
or power for its own sake but should
lead with modesty and selflessness.
Influence on Political Harmony:
Taoism's influence on political governance is
characterized by a focus on harmony and
balance:
 Minimal Government Intervention:
Taoist thought advocates for minimal
government intervention in the lives of
citizens. Rulers are encouraged to avoid
excessive regulation and control,
allowing people to live in harmony with
the natural order.
 Balancing Opposites: The idea of
balancing opposites and embracing
contradictions is central to Taoism. In
governance, this means finding
equilibrium in policies and decisions.
 Sustainable Leadership: Taoist leaders
are encouraged to rule with a long-term
perspective, ensuring the sustainability
and well-being of their societies.
Contemporary Relevance:
Taoist principles continue to influence
governance and leadership in Asian countries
like China. The emphasis on non-interference
and balance is reflected in China's approach to
governance and foreign policy.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
1. Laozi. (1997). "Tao Te Ching." Translated
by Stephen Mitchell. HarperOne.
2. Ames, Roger T., and Hall, David L.
(2003). "Tao Te Ching: A New
Translation with Commentary."
Ballantine Books.
3. Hinton, David. (2015). "The Dao De Jing:
A Qigong Interpretation." Counterpoint.
4. Ames, Roger T., and Rosemont, Henry,
Jr. (1998). "The Analects of Confucius: A
Philosophical Translation." Ballantine
Books.
5. Ames, Roger T. (2011). "Confucian Role
Ethics: A Vocabulary." University of
Hawaii Press.
These references provide insights into the
principles of Taoism and their influence on the
concept of political harmony in Asian
governance. They highlight the contemporary
relevance of Taoist ideas in shaping political
thought and leadership in the region.
4.3 Buddhism and the Pursuit of a Just Society
Buddhism, a spiritual and philosophical tradition
founded by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha), has
profoundly influenced the concept of
governance and the pursuit of a just society in
many Asian nations. This section explores the
principles of Buddhism and their impact on
political thought and governance.
Key Principles of Buddhism:
Buddhism is characterized by several core
principles that are relevant to the pursuit of a
just society:
 Compassion and Non-Violence:
Buddhism emphasizes compassion,
non-violence, and the avoidance of
harm to all living beings. These
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
principles are central to the
development of just and ethical
societies.
 Ethical Conduct: Buddhist ethics, as
embodied in the Five Precepts, promote
virtuous conduct, including abstaining
from killing, stealing, lying, sexual
misconduct, and intoxication. These
principles guide personal behavior and
contribute to the establishment of a just
society.
 Social Justice: Buddhism places a strong
emphasis on social justice and equitable
distribution of resources. The principle
of dāna (generosity) encourages
individuals and communities to provide
for the less fortunate.
Influence on Political Governance:
Buddhism's influence on political governance is
characterized by:
 Just and Compassionate Rule: Buddhist
monarchs and leaders have historically
embraced principles of compassion and
ethical conduct in their rule, seeking to
create just and benevolent societies.
 Ethical Decision-Making: Buddhist
values have influenced the decision-
making processes of leaders, promoting
ethical governance and policies that
prioritize the welfare of all citizens.
 Social Welfare: Buddhism encourages
the establishment of social and
economic policies that address poverty,
inequality, and suffering. This has
implications for the creation of just
societies.
Contemporary Relevance:
Buddhist principles continue to shape
governance and political thought in countries
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
where Buddhism is prevalent, such as Thailand,
Sri Lanka, and several nations in Southeast Asia.
The pursuit of social justice and ethical
governance remains integral to political
discussions and policies in these regions.
1. Gethin, Rupert. (1998). "The
Foundations of Buddhism." Oxford
University Press.
2. Keown, Damien. (2013). "Buddhism and
Bioethics." Palgrave Macmillan.
3. Narain, A. K. (1993). "The Role of
Buddhism in Indian Cultural History."
Motilal Banarsidass.
4. Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja. (1986). "The
Buddhist Saints of the Forest and the
Cult of Amulets: A Study in Charisma,
Hagiography, Sectarianism, and
Millennial Buddhism." Cambridge
University Press.
5. Tan, C. B. (2009). "A Buddhist Theory of
International Relations: A Theravada
Buddhist's View." Palgrave Macmillan.
These references provide insights into the
principles of Buddhism and their impact on the
pursuit of a just society in Asian governance.
They emphasize the enduring relevance of
Buddhist values in shaping political thought and
leadership in the region.
4.4 Christianity, Pluralism, and Political Harmony
in Asia
While Asia is predominantly known for its rich
tapestry of Eastern philosophies and religions,
Christianity has also played a significant role in
shaping political thought and contributing to
pluralism and political harmony in the region.
This section explores the impact of Christianity
on governance and its contribution to pluralistic
societies in Asia.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia 2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams

Christianity in Asia: been active advocates for human rights

Christianity was introduced to Asia through a
variety of means, including missionary efforts
and trade routes. It has had a substantial
presence in parts of Asia for centuries. In
countries like India, the Philippines, South
Korea, and Sri Lanka, Christianity has become an
integral part of the cultural and religious
landscape.
Key Principles of Christianity:
Christianity is rooted in several key principles
that influence political thought and governance:
and the protection of vulnerable
populations. They have played a role in
addressing issues such as religious
freedom, social justice, and
humanitarian relief.
 Interfaith Dialogue: Christianity has
contributed to interfaith dialogue and
cooperation, fostering greater
understanding and harmony among
diverse religious groups. This has led to
more inclusive and tolerant political
environments.

 Human Dignity and Equality:  Education and Healthcare: Christian

Christianity emphasizes the inherent institutions, such as schools and
dignity and equality of all individuals. hospitals, have played a significant role
This principle has contributed to the in providing education and healthcare
promotion of human rights, social services to communities. They have
justice, and the elimination of contributed to social welfare and
discrimination in political and social development.
contexts.
Contemporary Relevance:
 Pluralism and Tolerance: Christian
Christianity continues to influence political
communities in Asia often exist
thought and governance in Asia. Its
alongside other religious traditions. The
commitment to social justice, human rights, and
teachings of love, forgiveness, and
pluralism contributes to the political harmony
tolerance have contributed to interfaith
and coexistence of diverse religious and cultural
dialogue and pluralism in diverse
traditions in the region.
societies.
1. Neill, Stephen. (2004). "A History of
 Social Justice: The Christian
Christian Missions." Penguin.
commitment to social justice has
influenced policies related to poverty 2. Samuel, Vinay, and Sugden, Chris.
alleviation, healthcare, and education. It (2010). "The Oxford Handbook of the
has played a role in addressing Sociology of Religion." Oxford University
inequality and promoting equitable Press.
governance.
3. Cox, James L. (2000). "From Political
Influence on Political Governance: Instrument to Religious Conscience: The
Christian Democratic Parties in Chile
Christianity's influence on political governance
and Mexico." University of Notre Dame
in Asia can be observed in the following ways:
Press.
 Advocacy for Human Rights: Christian
4. Hefner, Robert W. (2009). "Religion and
communities and organizations have
Modernity Worldwide: Towards a New
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia 2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams

Paradigm for Comparative Analysis." 5.3 Case Study: Singapore - Authoritarian

University of California Press. Capitalism:

5. Jenkins, Philip. (2002). "The Next Singapore's political system is a notable

Christendom: The Coming of Global example of authoritarian capitalism. This case
Christianity." Oxford University Press. study explores how the city-state's government
has maintained political stability, economic
These references provide insights into the
prosperity, and social order while incorporating
impact of Christianity on pluralism, political
Confucian values into its policies.
harmony, and governance in Asia. They
emphasize the role of Christian principles in 5.4 Case Study: Indonesia - Pluralism and
contributing to just and inclusive societies in the Islamic Democracy:
region.
Indonesia stands as the world's largest Muslim-
Chapter 5: Case Studies majority country and a diverse archipelago. This
section analyzes how Indonesia has navigated
This chapter delves into specific case studies of
the intersection of democracy, pluralism, and
Asian countries to illustrate the diverse ways in
Islam in its political system, emphasizing the
which political science, cultural traditions, and
role of Pancasila, a philosophical foundation of
religion have influenced governance, political
the state.
thought, and societal development. These case
studies provide valuable insights into the 5.5 Case Study: South Korea - Democracy and
complex and dynamic nature of political Modernization:
systems in Asia.
South Korea's rapid modernization and
5.1 Case Study: India - Democracy and transition to democracy are examined in this
Diversity: case study. It explores how South Korea's
political landscape has been influenced by
India, with its deep cultural and religious
Confucian values, Christianity, and the pursuit of
diversity, presents a compelling case for the
social justice.
study of political science in Asia. This section
explores how India's democratic system has
accommodated this diversity and how its
1. Kohli, Atul. (2012). "The Success of
political thought has been shaped by indigenous
India's Democracy." Cambridge
traditions, such as Dharmic philosophies and
University Press.
practices.
2. Pyle, Kenneth B. (2011). "Japan Rising:
5.2 Case Study: Japan - Modernization and
The Resurgence of Japanese Power and
Tradition:
Purpose." PublicAffairs.
Japan's unique blend of modernization and
3. Emmerson, Donald K. (2012).
tradition has resulted in a distinct political
"Singapore: A Modern History." NUS
landscape. This section examines how Japan has
Press.
incorporated Shintoism, Buddhism, and
Confucianism into its political culture and 4. Schwarz, Adam. (2004). "A Nation in
governance, while also adopting Western Waiting: Indonesia's Search for
political ideas. Stability." Allen & Unwin.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia 2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams

5. Kim, Samuel S. (2003). "The Quest for a has been a critical element in fostering harmony
Just South Korean Society: An in a religiously diverse nation.
Examination of the Ethics of Order and
Case Study - Hindu Nationalism:
Agency." University of California Press.
Hindu nationalism, or Hindutva, is a political
These case studies, along with their respective
movement in India that seeks to promote the
references, offer in-depth insights into the
cultural and religious identity of Hindus. This
political dynamics and governance of individual
case study delves into the impact of Hindu
Asian countries. They highlight the interplay of
nationalism on Indian politics and society,
cultural traditions, religion, and political thought
emphasizing its implications for religious
in shaping the diverse political systems and
minorities and the secular fabric of the nation.
development trajectories of these nations.
1. Guha, Ramachandra. (2008). "India
5.1 India: Democracy and Diversity
after Gandhi: The History of the World's
India, the world's largest democracy, is a Largest Democracy." Ecco.
captivating case study that illustrates the
2. Beteille, Andre. (2004). "Democracy and
intricate relationship between political science,
Its Institutions." Oxford University Press.
cultural diversity, and governance. This section
explores how India's political landscape has 3. Smith, Bardwell L. (1992). "Religion and
been shaped by democracy, cultural traditions, the Legitimation of Power in South
and religious diversity. Asia." Brill.
Democracy and Diversity: 4. Hansen, Thomas Blom. (1999). "The
Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu
India's remarkable diversity, encompassing
Nationalism in Modern India."
numerous languages, religions, ethnicities, and
Princeton University Press.
cultural practices, is at the heart of its political
landscape. The democratic system in India 5. Chatterjee, Partha. (2004). "The Politics
accommodates this diversity by providing a of the Governed: Reflections on Popular
platform for representation and negotiation Politics in Most of the World." Columbia
among various groups. University Press.
Dharmic Traditions and Political Thought: The case of India provides valuable insights into
the coexistence of democracy, cultural diversity,
India's Dharmic traditions, including Hinduism,
and religious traditions in political science.
Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, have deeply
These references, along with the case study on
influenced its political thought. Concepts such
Hindu nationalism, offer a comprehensive view
as dharma (duty) and karma (action) continue
of the complex dynamics at play in India's
to inform the moral and ethical foundations of
political landscape.
governance.
5.2 China: The Art of Governance
Secularism and Pluralism:
China, with its rich history and unique blend of
India's commitment to secularism and pluralism
modernization and tradition, presents an
is enshrined in its constitution. The Indian state
intriguing case study in the realm of political
does not favor any particular religion and
science. This section delves into how China's
guarantees religious freedom to its citizens. This
political landscape has been influenced by
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
Confucianism, Taoism, and the art of
governance.
Confucianism and Bureaucratic Governance:
Confucian values have played a central role in
shaping China's bureaucratic governance
system. The civil service examination system,
which tested knowledge of Confucian classics,
has been integral to the selection of
government officials for centuries.
Harmony and Non-Interference:
Taoist principles of harmony and non-
interference have informed China's approach to
governance. The concept of "wu wei" (non-
action) encourages leaders to avoid excessive
intervention and to let events unfold naturally,
thereby ensuring social stability.
Case Study - Modernization and
Authoritarianism:
This case study examines China's unique path to
modernization and economic growth while
maintaining one-party rule. The Chinese
Communist Party's ideology and governance
model are explored, highlighting the challenges
of reconciling tradition and modernity in
contemporary China.
1. Duyvendak, J. J. L. (2006). "The Book of
Lord Shang: Apologetics of State Power
in Early China." University of Chicago
Press.
2. Hinton, David. (2015). "The Dao De Jing:
A Qigong Interpretation." Counterpoint.
3. Shambaugh, David. (2013). "China Goes
Global: The Partial Power." Oxford
University Press.
4. Economy, Elizabeth C. (2010). "The
Third Revolution: Xi Jinping and the
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
New Chinese State." Oxford University
Press.
5. Rigger, Shelley. (2003). "Politics in
Taiwan: Voting for Reform." Routledge.
The case of China offers valuable insights into
the fusion of Confucian and Taoist traditions
with modern political governance. These
references, along with the case study on
modernization and authoritarianism, provide a
comprehensive understanding of the political
dynamics in contemporary China.
5.3 Japan: Tradition and Modernity
Japan's political landscape is a captivating case
study that illustrates the delicate balance
between tradition and modernity. This section
explores how Japan has incorporated Shintoism,
Buddhism, and Confucianism into its political
culture while also embracing Western political
ideas.
Shintoism and National Identity:
Shintoism, Japan's indigenous religion, has been
instrumental in shaping the country's national
identity. The emperor, regarded as a symbol of
the unity of the Japanese people, has often
been associated with Shinto beliefs and
ceremonies.
Buddhism and Ethical Leadership:
Buddhism has influenced Japan's political
culture through its emphasis on compassion,
ethical conduct, and leadership based on
virtuous principles. Japanese leaders have often
sought to embody these values.
Confucianism and Social Hierarchy:
Confucianism has influenced Japan's social
hierarchy and governance structures. Concepts
such as filial piety, loyalty, and respect for
authority continue to be important in Japanese
society.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
Case Study - Post-World War II Democracy:
This case study examines Japan's transformation
from a militaristic power during World War II to
a vibrant democracy. It highlights the role of
American influence in shaping Japan's post-war
political system, emphasizing democratic values
and institutions.
1. Reischauer, Edwin O., and Craig, Albert
M. (1999). "Japan: Tradition and
Transformation." Houghton Mifflin.
2. Dower, John W. (1999). "Embracing
Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War
II." W. W. Norton & Company.
3. Heine, Steven. (2016). "Sacred High City,
Sacred Low City: A Tale of Religious Sites
in Two Tokyo Neighborhoods." Oxford
University Press.
4. Varley, H. Paul. (2012). "Japanese
Culture." University of Hawaii Press.
5. Hook, Glenn D., et al. (2001). "Japan's
International Relations: Politics,
Economics, and Security." Routledge.
Japan's case study sheds light on the intricate
interplay between tradition and modernity in
political science. These references, along with
the case study on post-World War II democracy,
provide a comprehensive view of Japan's
political evolution and the synthesis of
indigenous traditions with contemporary
political structures.
5.4 Southeast Asia: A Mosaic of Political Systems
Southeast Asia is a region of remarkable
diversity, not only in terms of culture and
geography but also in the array of political
systems that it hosts. This section explores the
complex political landscapes of Southeast Asian
countries and the interplay of cultural
traditions, religion, and governance.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
Pluralism and Cultural Diversity:
Southeast Asia is a mosaic of cultures,
languages, and religions. The region is home to
a rich tapestry of indigenous traditions, as well
as the influences of Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam,
and Christianity. This diversity has a profound
impact on the political and social fabric of these
nations.
Case Study - Indonesia: Pancasila and
Pluralism:
Indonesia's political landscape is a fascinating
case study in the management of diversity. The
philosophy of Pancasila, which emphasizes
social justice, democracy, and unity in diversity,
is explored. This case study underscores the
challenges and achievements of fostering
pluralism in a predominantly Muslim nation.
Authoritarianism and Hybrid Systems:
In contrast to democracies like Indonesia and
the Philippines, some Southeast Asian nations
have experienced periods of authoritarian rule
or have adopted hybrid political systems that
combine elements of democracy and autocracy.
These systems have often raised questions
about governance, human rights, and political
stability.
Case Study - Singapore: Authoritarian
Capitalism:
Singapore's unique model of authoritarian
capitalism is examined. The city-state has
successfully combined political stability with
economic prosperity and social order. This case
study highlights the role of Confucian values in
Singapore's governance and the challenges
posed by restrictions on civil liberties.
Democratic Transitions:
Some Southeast Asian nations have undergone
significant democratic transitions in recent
years. This process has involved challenges such
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
as electoral integrity, corruption, and the
consolidation of democratic institutions.
1. Suryadinata, Leo. (2005). "Southeast
Asia's Chinese Businesses in an Era of
Globalization: Coping with the Rise of
China." Institute of Southeast Asian
Studies.
2. Hefner, Robert W. (2000). "Civil Islam:
Muslims and Democratization in
Indonesia." Princeton University Press.
3. Brown, David. (2007). "Contemporary
Nationalism in East Asia: A Comparative
Analysis." Routledge.
4. Slater, Dan. (2003). "Iron Cage in an Iron
Fist: Authoritarian Institutions and the
Personalization of Power in Malaysia."
Comparative Politics.
5. Barter, Shane Joshua. (2019). "The
Duterte Experiment." The Australian
National University.
Southeast Asia's political diversity and the
interplay of culture, religion, and governance
systems offer a complex and fascinating subject
for political science. These references, along
with the case studies, provide valuable insights
into the political dynamics of the region.
5.6 Sri Lanka: Democracy and Diversity
Sri Lanka, an island nation in South Asia, is a
vibrant tapestry of democracy and diversity. Its
political landscape has been shaped by a
complex interplay of ethnic, religious, and
cultural factors. This section explores the
democratic journey of Sri Lanka, emphasizing its
challenges and triumphs in managing diversity.
Historical Significance:
Sri Lanka's historical roots in democracy date
back to ancient times. The island has a rich
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
heritage of governance, as seen in early forms
of monarchy and statecraft. However, the
modern democratic system owes much to
British colonial rule and the subsequent
struggles for independence.
Ethnic Complexity:
One of the defining features of Sri Lanka is its
multi-ethnic composition. The Sinhalese
majority coexists with significant Tamil and
Muslim minorities. The country's history has
been marked by ethnic tensions and, at times,
conflict, particularly during the civil war that
spanned several decades.
Democratic Challenges:
Sri Lanka has faced challenges related to
democratic governance and minority rights. The
civil war, which ended in 2009, was a protracted
conflict with significant human rights
implications. Ensuring reconciliation and
addressing the grievances of minority
communities remain central to Sri Lanka's
democratic progress.
Constitutional Changes:
The country has seen several amendments to its
constitution, reflecting the evolving political
landscape. The 13th Amendment, introduced in
1987, devolved power to provincial councils,
aiming to address Tamil aspirations for
autonomy.
Contemporary Issues:
Sri Lanka continues to grapple with issues of
governance, reconciliation, and social cohesion.
Recent political changes and international
engagement are shaping the country's
democratic trajectory.
1. Korf, Benedikt, and Raeymaekers,
Timothy. (2009). "Rising Waters:
Demystifying 'Land Grabbing' in
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
Southeast Asia." Development and
Change.
2. Narayan, Deepa. (1997). "Voices of the
Poor: Poverty and Social Capital in
Tanzania." World Bank Publications.
3. Wickramasinghe, Nira. (2012). "Sri
Lanka in the Modern Age: A History."
Oxford University Press.
4. Bartholomeusz, Tessa J. (2015). "In
Defense of Dharma: Just-War Ideology
in Buddhist Sri Lanka." Routledge.
5. Uyangoda, Jayadeva. (2008). "Politics of
Postconflict Reconciliation in Sri Lanka:
Limits to Postconflict Reconciliation in
Sri Lanka: Limits to State-Led Efforts at
Suppression." Peace & Change.
Sri Lanka's journey in democracy and diversity
has been marked by both progress and
challenges. The country's historical significance,
ethnic complexity, and ongoing efforts to
address democratic issues make it a compelling
case study in the study of political science in
Asia.
Chapter 6: Contemporary Challenges
The world is witnessing a new era of political,
social, and environmental challenges, and Asia
is no exception. This chapter delves into the
pressing issues that are shaping the political
landscape of the region, from environmental
sustainability and economic development to
geopolitical tensions and human rights
concerns.
6.1 Environmental Sustainability:
Asia is home to some of the world's most
populous and rapidly developing countries. The
pursuit of economic growth has often come at
the cost of environmental sustainability. This
section examines the environmental challenges
facing Asia, from air pollution and deforestation
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
to climate change, and the role of political
science in addressing these issues.
6.2 Economic Development and Inequality:
The region's economic dynamism has lifted
millions out of poverty. However, it has also
exacerbated income inequality and social
disparities. This section explores the economic
challenges in Asia, including the need for
inclusive growth, job creation, and poverty
alleviation.
6.3 Geopolitical Tensions:
Asia's political landscape is marked by complex
geopolitical tensions, including territorial
disputes and historical conflicts. The role of
political science in understanding and
addressing these issues is crucial. This section
focuses on ongoing conflicts, such as the South
China Sea dispute and the Korean Peninsula,
and their implications for regional and global
security.
6.4 Human Rights and Political Freedom:
The promotion of human rights and political
freedom is a critical contemporary challenge in
Asia. This section addresses issues such as press
freedom, freedom of speech, and political
repression in countries like China, North Korea,
and Myanmar. It explores the role of political
science in advocating for these fundamental
rights.
6.5 Global Health and Pandemic Response:
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the
importance of global health governance and
crisis management. This section discusses the
challenges faced by Asian nations in responding
to the pandemic and the role of political science
in improving healthcare systems and pandemic
preparedness.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
1. Breslin, Shaun. (2016). "China and the
Global Political Economy." Palgrave
Macmillan.
2. Stern, Nicholas. (2006). "The Economics
of Climate Change: The Stern Review."
Cambridge University Press.
3. Chakraborty, Debashis. (2016).
"Economic Growth and Income
Inequality in India." SAGE Publications.
4. Storey, Ian, and Leaver, Richard. (2019).
"The South China Sea and China–ASEAN
Relations: A Mirage or Reality?"
Palgrave Macmillan.
5. Donnelly, Jack. (2013). "Universal
Human Rights in Theory and Practice."
Cornell University Press.
6. Kickbusch, Ilona, and Reddy, K. Srinath.
(2013). "Global Health: A Challenge for
Interdisciplinary Research." Springer.
This chapter addresses the complex
contemporary challenges that are reshaping the
political landscape of Asia. These references
provide a foundation for understanding and
analyzing the multifaceted nature of these
challenges and the role of political science in
addressing them.
Chapter 6.1: Political Science in a Globalized
World
The 21st century has witnessed unprecedented
globalization, connecting the world in intricate
ways. This chapter explores the role of political
science in understanding and navigating the
complexities of a globalized world, examining
the impact of globalization on governance,
diplomacy, and international relations.
Globalization and Its Political Implications:
Globalization, driven by advancements in
technology, communication, and trade, has
transcended borders and reshaped political
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
dynamics. It has both enabled and challenged
political institutions and decision-makers. This
section delves into the political implications of
globalization, including the erosion of national
sovereignty, the rise of global issues, and the
influence of non-state actors.
Geopolitics and Global Governance:
The shifting landscape of global power has given
rise to new challenges in geopolitics and global
governance. Traditional power structures are
being reevaluated, and multilateral
organizations play an increasingly vital role in
addressing global challenges. This section
examines the changing dynamics of
international relations and the role of political
science in analyzing and shaping global
governance structures.
Economic Interdependence and Trade:
Economic globalization has interconnected
nations in unprecedented ways. Trade
agreements, supply chains, and financial
markets are central to the globalized world.
Political science plays a critical role in
understanding the political and economic
implications of this interdependence, from
trade disputes to the impact of economic crises
on governance.
Global Challenges and International
Cooperation:
Global issues such as climate change,
pandemics, terrorism, and migration transcend
national boundaries. Political science is
instrumental in studying these challenges and
promoting international cooperation. This
section highlights the importance of diplomatic
efforts, international agreements, and conflict
resolution in addressing global problems.
1. Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (2017). "Is the
American Century Over?" Polity Press.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
2. Held, David. (2016). "Globalization,
Change, and Learning in South Asia."
Oxford University Press.
3. Baldwin, Richard E. (2016). "The Great
Convergence: Information Technology
and the New Globalization." Harvard
University Press.
4. Ikenberry, G. John. (2018). "Liberal
Leviathan: The Origins, Crisis, and
Transformation of the American World
Order." Princeton University Press.
5. Keohane, Robert O., and Nye, Joseph S.
Jr. (2000). "Globalization: What's New?
What's Not? (And So What?)." Foreign
Policy.
6. Waltz, Kenneth N. (2000). "Globalization
and American Power." The National
Interest.
Globalization has reshaped the world's political
landscape, and political science plays a crucial
role in understanding and navigating this
globalized environment. These references offer
insights into the impact of globalization on
politics and the role of political science in
addressing the challenges and opportunities it
presents.
Chapter 6.2: Technology and Political
Transformation in Asia
The advent of digital technology and the rapid
spread of the internet have profoundly
impacted political dynamics in Asia and the
world. This chapter explores the role of
technology in driving political transformation,
from the rise of online activism to the
challenges of digital surveillance.
The Digital Revolution in Asia:
Asia has witnessed a digital revolution with the
widespread adoption of smartphones, social
media, and internet connectivity. This section
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
delves into the impact of this digital
transformation on political participation,
information dissemination, and governance.
Online Activism and Political Mobilization:
The internet and social media platforms have
empowered citizens to engage in online
activism and political mobilization. Movements
such as the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong
and the Arab Spring in the Middle East have
demonstrated the power of digital tools in
driving political change. This section examines
the role of technology in these movements and
its implications for political science.
Challenges of Digital Surveillance:
The growth of the digital space has also raised
concerns about surveillance, privacy, and
censorship. Governments in Asia, such as China
and North Korea, have developed sophisticated
digital surveillance systems. This section
discusses the challenges posed by digital
surveillance and the impact on political freedom
and human rights.
Cybersecurity and Geopolitical Concerns:
The digital realm has become a battleground for
cybersecurity threats and espionage. The use of
cyberattacks by nation-states, as seen in the
case of alleged Russian interference in U.S.
elections, has raised geopolitical concerns. This
section explores the implications of
cybersecurity challenges for regional and global
politics.
The Role of Big Data and AI:
Big data and artificial intelligence (AI) are
revolutionizing political campaigning,
policymaking, and governance. This section
discusses how the use of data analytics and AI
can shape political decision-making and public
administration in Asia.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia 2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams

1. Howard, Philip N., and Hussain, agreements like the Paris Agreement and efforts
Muzammil M. (2013). "Democracy's to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Fourth Wave? Digital Media and the
Air Pollution and Urbanization:
Arab Spring." Oxford University Press.
Rapid urbanization in Asian cities has led to
2. Roberts, Margaret E., et al. (2018). "The
severe air pollution, affecting the health and
Global Digital Activism Data Set."
well-being of millions. This section explores the
Harvard Dataverse.
political measures taken to combat air pollution,
3. Deibert, Ronald. (2013). "Black Code: including policies to reduce emissions from
Inside the Battle for Cyberspace." industry and transportation.
Signal.
Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss:
4. Roberts, Adam. (2019). "Digital
Deforestation and habitat destruction are
Dictatorship: China's Surveillance
threatening Asia's rich biodiversity. The political
State." Oxford University Press.
response to this challenge involves conservation
5. Sanger, David E. (2018). "The Perfect efforts, protected areas, and international
Weapon: War, Sabotage, and Fear in the agreements to safeguard endangered species.
Cyber Age." Crown.
Resource Management and Water Scarcity:
The rise of digital technology has redefined
Water scarcity is a growing concern in many
political engagement, governance, and
parts of Asia. Political science plays a role in
geopolitical relations in Asia. These references
understanding the governance of water
offer insights into the impact of technology on
resources, from transboundary river
political transformation and the challenges and
management to equitable distribution.
opportunities it presents for political science in
the region. Renewable Energy and Sustainability:
Chapter 6.3: Environmental Concerns and The transition to renewable energy sources,
Political Responses such as solar and wind power, is a key strategy
in addressing environmental concerns. This
The environmental challenges facing Asia and
section discusses the political and policy
the world have become increasingly urgent. This
measures aimed at promoting sustainable
chapter explores the role of political science in
energy practices.
understanding and addressing these concerns,
from climate change and air pollution to 1. Edenhofer, Ottmar, et al. (2014).
biodiversity loss and resource management. "Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of
Climate Change." Cambridge University
Climate Change and Adaptation:
Press.
Climate change is a global crisis with severe
2. Chen, Yuyu, et al. (2013). "Pathways of
implications for Asia, from rising sea levels
Air Pollution in China." Environmental
threatening coastal communities to extreme
Science & Technology.
weather events impacting agriculture. This
section discusses the political responses to 3. Pimm, Stuart L., et al. (2014). "The
climate change, including international Biodiversity of Species and Their Rates
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
of Extinction, Distribution, and
Protection." Science.
4. Gleick, Peter H. (1998). "The World's
Water 1998-1999: The Biennial Report
on Freshwater Resources." Island Press.
5. Jacoby, Henry D., et al. (2012). "The
Political Economy of Deforestation in
the Tropics." Quarterly Journal of
Economics.
6. Sovacool, Benjamin K. (2016). "The
Political Economy of Energy Access: A
Fundamental Challenge of Our Time."
Global Environmental Politics.
Environmental concerns are among the most
critical challenges facing Asia, and political
science plays a crucial role in understanding and
addressing these issues. These references
provide valuable insights into the environmental
challenges and political responses that shape
the region's sustainability efforts.
Chapter 7: The Future of Political Science in
Asia
The final chapter of our exploration into the role
of political science in Asia looks toward the
future. This chapter discusses the evolving
landscape of political science in the region, the
emerging trends, and the potential challenges
and opportunities that lie ahead.
7.1 Shifting Power Dynamics:
Asia's increasing role on the global stage is
reshaping international relations and
geopolitical dynamics. As we delve into the
future, it is imperative to understand how these
shifts in power will influence regional politics
and the study of political science.
7.2 Technology and Innovation:
The continued advancement of technology,
including artificial intelligence and digital
platforms, will undoubtedly impact governance,
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
political activism, and research methods in
political science. This section discusses the
implications of these technological
advancements for the discipline.
7.3 Environmental Sustainability:
Environmental concerns are expected to remain
at the forefront of political agendas. The
chapter explores how political science can
contribute to the development of policies and
strategies for mitigating environmental
challenges in Asia.
7.4 Inclusivity and Diversity:
As Asia remains culturally diverse, the role of
political science in promoting inclusivity and
addressing issues related to ethnic, religious,
and gender diversity becomes crucial. This
section discusses the future of political science
in fostering inclusive governance.
7.5 Regional Cooperation:
In a world marked by transnational challenges,
regional cooperation becomes essential. The
future of political science will include a focus on
the study of regional organizations and
collaboration, as exemplified by ASEAN in
Southeast Asia.
1. Acharya, Amitav. (2014). "The Making of
Southeast Asia: International Relations
of a Region." Cornell University Press.
2. Goldsmith, Jack L., and Wu, Tim. (2006).
"Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of
a Borderless World." Oxford University
Press.
3. Clark, P. B., and Estes, R. J. (2008). "The
Future of Political Science: 100
Perspectives." Routledge.
4. Zürn, Michael, et al. (2018). "Global
Governance and Global Administrative
Law in the International Political
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
Economy: A Research Agenda." Global
Policy.
5. Dobson, Wendy. (2019). "Why the
Future of Political Science Needs
Design-Based Research." PS: Political
Science & Politics.
This chapter addresses the dynamic future of
political science in Asia, highlighting the ongoing
transformation and evolution of the discipline.
These references offer insights into the
emerging trends and challenges that will shape
the future of political science in the region.
7.1 Prospects for Integration and Collaboration
The future of political science in Asia holds
promising prospects for integration and
collaboration both within the region and on the
global stage. This section explores the
opportunities for increased cooperation among
scholars, institutions, and governments in
advancing the study of politics and governance.
Regional Research Networks:
Collaborative research networks are crucial for
fostering political science scholarship. Regional
research associations and consortiums can
provide platforms for scholars to share their
expertise and conduct cross-border research.
The Asian Consortium for Political Research
(ACPR), for example, exemplifies the potential
for regional collaboration in advancing political
science.
Interdisciplinary Engagement:
Political science is increasingly intersecting with
other academic disciplines, such as economics,
sociology, and environmental science.
Collaboration across disciplines can yield
innovative insights and solutions to complex
political challenges. Initiatives that promote
interdisciplinary research are likely to become
more prominent.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
Cross-Border Policy Research:
As Asia continues to grapple with regional and
global issues, the demand for policy-relevant
research is on the rise. Collaboration between
political scientists and policymakers can result in
research that addresses real-world challenges.
Think tanks and research institutions can play a
pivotal role in bridging this gap.
Global Academic Exchange:
The interconnected nature of contemporary
politics calls for increased global academic
exchange. Asia's political science community
can benefit from international collaborations,
joint conferences, and cross-cultural dialogue.
These exchanges enrich the academic landscape
and facilitate the sharing of diverse
perspectives.
1. Ramia, Gaby, and Marginson, Simon.
(2016). "The Growth of Global Higher
Education." Edward Elgar Publishing.
2. Thapa, Bishnu Raj. (2012). "Promoting
Research and Publication in Political
Science in South Asia: The Role of the
Asian Consortium for Political Research
(ACPR)." South Asian Journal of Political
Studies.
3. Rappert, Brian. (2006). "From Evidence-
Based Policy to the Good Governance of
Evidence." Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
4. Taylor, Peter. (2018). "International
Collaborative Research: Contexts,
Practices, and Challenges." Routledge.
5. Holligan, Stuart. (2019). "The Cross-
Border Dissemination of Research in the
EU." ECPR Press.
The prospects for integration and collaboration
in political science in Asia are promising. These
references illustrate the importance of regional
networks, interdisciplinary engagement, and
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
global academic exchange in advancing the
discipline and addressing the complex political
challenges of the future.
7.2 Innovations and Trends in Asian Political
Science
The future of political science in Asia is marked
by dynamic innovations and emerging trends
that are reshaping the discipline. This section
explores the evolving landscape of political
science research and practice in the region.
Data Analytics and Quantitative Methods:
The advent of big data and advanced data
analytics is transforming political science
research. Scholars are increasingly employing
quantitative methods to analyze political
behavior, public opinion, and policy outcomes.
Innovations in data collection and
computational tools are enabling more robust
and evidence-based research.
Behavioral Political Science:
Behavioral political science is gaining
prominence as scholars delve into the
psychological underpinnings of political
decision-making. The application of behavioral
insights is helping to better understand voter
behavior, political participation, and policy
preferences.
Environmental and Sustainability Politics:
Environmental concerns are becoming central in
political science research. The growing urgency
of climate change, resource management, and
sustainable development is driving innovative
research on environmental politics and policy
responses in the Asian context.
Digital Governance and E-Government:
The integration of technology in governance,
known as e-government, is transforming the
way governments interact with citizens.
Researchers are exploring the impact of digital
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
governance, including its implications for
transparency, accountability, and service
delivery.
Comparative and Cross-Regional Studies:
Political science in Asia is increasingly
characterized by cross-regional and comparative
studies. Scholars are drawing insights from
diverse regions to gain a more comprehensive
understanding of political systems,
democratization processes, and governance
practices.
1. King, Gary, Pan, Jennifer, and Roberts,
Margaret E. (2014). "How Censorship in
China Allows Government Criticism but
Silences Collective Expression."
American Political Science Review.
2. Brady, Henry E., Collier, David, and
Seawright, Jason. (2006). "Toward a
Pluralistic Future for Comparative
Research." World Politics.
3. Lupia, Arthur, and Sin, Gisela. (2017).
"Which Public Goods Are Endangered?
How Evolving Technologies Affect the
Logic of Collective Action." Public
Opinion Quarterly.
4. Lasswell, Harold D. (1951). "The Policy
Sciences: Recent Developments in
Scope and Method." Stanford University
Press.
5. Wiest, Dana R., et al. (2016).
"Understanding the Adoption and
Impact of Smart City Technologies: A
Policy Dynamics Framework." Policy
Sciences.
Innovations and trends in Asian political science
are shaping the future of the discipline. These
references reflect the evolving nature of
political science, with a focus on data analytics,
behavioral studies, environmental politics,
digital governance, and cross-regional research.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
7.3 The Role of Political Science in Shaping
Asia's Destiny
As Asia continues to play a pivotal role in global
affairs, political science stands at the forefront
of shaping the region's destiny. This section
highlights the crucial role of political science in
addressing the unique challenges and
opportunities that will define Asia's future.
Policy Formulation and Advocacy:
Political science scholars and experts are
instrumental in informing policy formulation.
Their research and insights are critical in
addressing pressing issues, from economic
development and environmental sustainability
to political stability and social justice.
Promoting Good Governance:
The study of political institutions, governance
structures, and public administration is central
to the promotion of good governance. Political
scientists can contribute to the development of
accountable, transparent, and effective
governance systems in Asia.
Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding:
Asia is not immune to geopolitical tensions and
internal conflicts. Political science research can
play a pivotal role in conflict resolution and
peacebuilding efforts. By understanding the
root causes of conflicts and proposing
sustainable solutions, scholars contribute to
regional stability.
Global Diplomacy and Negotiation:
As Asia engages in complex international
relations, political science is crucial in advancing
diplomatic efforts and negotiations. The
discipline provides insights into effective
diplomacy, negotiation strategies, and the
management of international relations.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
Educational Advancement:
Political science education equips future
leaders, policymakers, and citizens with the
knowledge and skills needed to navigate the
challenges of a rapidly evolving world.
Educational institutions in Asia play a vital role
in shaping the next generation of political
scientists and leaders.
References:
1. Fukuyama, Francis. (2014). "Political
Order and Political Decay: From the
Industrial Revolution to the
Globalization of Democracy." Farrar,
Straus and Giroux.
2. Keohane, Robert O. (2015). "Political
Science as a Vocation." PS: Political
Science & Politics.
3. Gerring, John. (2012). "Mere
Description." British Journal of Political
Science.
4. Kaufman, Robert G. (2008). "Symbolic
Politics or Rational Choice? Testing
Theories of Extreme Ethnic Violence."
International Security.
5. Keohane, Robert O., and Nye, Joseph S.
Jr. (2011). "Power and Interdependence:
World Politics in Transition." Longman.
Political science's role in shaping Asia's destiny
is vital. These references underscore the
significance of the discipline in policy
formulation, governance promotion, conflict
resolution, diplomacy, and education, all of
which contribute to the region's ongoing
development and stability.
Chapter 8: Conclusion
The journey through the myth of political
science as a way of life in Asia has been a rich
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
and enlightening one. From the origins of
political thought to the challenges of the
modern world, this exploration has shed light
on the multifaceted role of political science in
the region. As we conclude this journey, we
reflect on the key insights and contributions
that political science offers to Asia and the
global community.
8.1 Bridging Tradition and Modernity:
Asia's enduring traditions and rapidly evolving
modernity have made the region a dynamic
crucible of political thought and practice.
Political science has served as a bridge between
the past and the future, helping societies
navigate the challenges of a changing world
while honoring their cultural heritage.
8.2 Navigating Complex Challenges:
The chapters have outlined the intricate web of
challenges that Asia faces, from governance and
democracy to environmental sustainability and
technological innovation. Political science offers
tools for understanding and addressing these
challenges, providing evidence-based solutions
and policy recommendations.
8.3 Shaping the Future:
The future of political science in Asia is marked
by innovation and collaboration. Scholars are
adopting data analytics, behavioral insights, and
interdisciplinary approaches to advance the
discipline. Political science has a pivotal role in
shaping Asia's destiny by informing policy,
promoting good governance, and fostering
peace and diplomacy.
8.4 A Global Perspective:
Asia's growing influence on the world stage
underscores the need for a global perspective.
The interdisciplinary nature of political science
enables the region to engage with international
issues, contribute to diplomacy, and play a
significant role in the global arena.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
References:
1. Almond, Gabriel A., and Verba, Sidney.
(1963). "The Civic Culture: Political
Attitudes and Democracy in Five
Nations." Princeton University Press.
2. Sen, Amartya. (2009). "The Idea of
Justice." Belknap Press.
3. Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (2004). "Soft Power:
The Means to Success in World Politics."
PublicAffairs.
4. Risse, Thomas. (2012). "A Community of
Europeans? Transnational Identities and
Public Spheres." Cornell University
Press.
5. Fukuyama, Francis. (2011). "The Origins
of Political Order: From Prehuman
Times to the French Revolution." Farrar,
Straus and Giroux.
In conclusion, political science in Asia is a
multifaceted discipline that engages with the
complexities of a rapidly changing world. It
serves as a bridge between tradition and
modernity, a guide for addressing challenges,
and a catalyst for shaping the region's future.
The discipline's global perspective enriches not
only Asia but the entire world. As we look
ahead, political science continues to be an
indispensable tool in the pursuit of a just,
prosperous, and peaceful future for Asia and
beyond.
8.1 Revisiting the Myth of Political Science
Our journey through the myth of political
science as a way of life in Asia has provided
valuable insights into the past, present, and
future of the discipline in the region. As we
revisit this myth, we reflect on the enduring
significance of political science and its evolving
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
role in shaping Asia's political and social
landscape.
Rediscovering Asia's Political Traditions:
The myth of political science as a way of life in
Asia reveals the deep-rooted political traditions
that have guided governance and society for
centuries. This myth encourages us to revisit
these traditions and appreciate their influence
on contemporary politics.
Contemporary Challenges and Complexities:
Asia's diverse and dynamic political landscape
presents complex challenges. Revisiting the
myth reminds us of the need for innovative
solutions and a nuanced understanding of the
region's political realities.
Political Science as a Bridge:
The myth highlights political science's role as a
bridge between tradition and modernity,
enabling societies to adapt to the demands of
the 21st century while preserving their cultural
heritage. This interdisciplinary discipline is
instrumental in guiding this transition.
Global Relevance:
Asia's influence on the global stage is
undeniable. Revisiting the myth reinforces the
importance of political science in providing a
global perspective and engaging with
international issues that affect the entire world.
References:
1. Rethinking Political Science: A New
Global Discipline for the 21st Century."
(2019). International Political Science
Association (IPSA).
2. Kapoor, Ilan, and Kim, Byung-Kook.
(2012). "Introduction: Rethinking
Political Science in East Asia."
Perspectives on Politics.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
3. Wade, Robert Hunter. (2012).
"Institutional Change, Economic
Development, and Political
Development." Governance and
Growth: A Unified Approach.
4. World Values Survey Association.
(2021). "World Values Survey Wave 7,
2017-2021." World Values Survey.
5. Gu, Xiaobing. (2016). "Reconsidering
Confucianism as a Cultural Tradition:
Confucianism and the Chinese
Schooling Model." Asia Pacific Journal
of Education.
Revisiting the myth of political science in Asia
underscores its enduring relevance and evolving
role in the region. This interdisciplinary
discipline serves as a bridge between tradition
and modernity, navigates complex challenges,
and contributes to the global discourse on
politics and governance. The myth invites us to
continue exploring the rich tapestry of political
thought and practice in Asia while embracing
the opportunities and responsibilities of the
future.
8.2 The Continued Relevance of Asian Political
Thought
The myth of political science as a way of life in
Asia has shed light on the enduring importance
of Asian political thought. As we consider the
continued relevance of this tradition, we
recognize its impact on contemporary politics
and global discourse.
Philosophical Traditions:
Asian political thought, rooted in philosophies
such as Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism,
continues to influence political governance and
moral values in the region. These ancient
traditions provide a foundation for
understanding ethics, leadership, and societal
harmony.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
Moral and Ethical Governance:
Asian political thought emphasizes moral and
ethical governance, focusing on the well-being
of citizens and the pursuit of a just society.
These values resonate with contemporary
discussions on good governance and ethical
leadership.
Cultural Diplomacy:
Asian political thought plays a role in cultural
diplomacy, as nations use their philosophical
heritage to foster international understanding
and cooperation. Confucius Institutes, for
example, promote cultural exchange and
understanding worldwide.
Global Ethics:
The principles of compassion, harmony, and
balance found in Asian political thought are not
limited to the region. They hold universal value
and contribute to global discussions on ethics,
sustainability, and human rights.
References:
1. Bell, Daniel A. (2016). "The China
Model: Political Meritocracy and the
Limits of Democracy." Princeton
University Press.
2. Tucker, Mary E. (2009). "The Philosophy
and Politics of Czech Dissidence from
Patočka to Havel." University of
Pittsburgh Press.
3. Chung, Jae Ho. (2010). "The Confucian
Roots of South Korea's Developmental
State." Stanford University Press.
4. Peng, Kuan Chung. (2009). "Taiwan's
Political Re-Alignment: The Frequent
Flyer's Guide to the Shifting Paradigm."
Asian Survey.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
5. Cheng, Chung-ying. (2002). "New
Dimensions of Confucianism." State
University of New York Press.
Asian political thought continues to be a source
of inspiration and guidance, not only for the
region but for the global community. These
references underscore the enduring significance
of Asian political thought in contemporary
politics and its potential to contribute to the
development of a just and harmonious world.
8.3 The Way Forward
The myth of political science as a way of life in
Asia has revealed the intricate interplay of
tradition and modernity, philosophy and policy,
and regional dynamics on the global stage. As
we chart the way forward, several key themes
and imperatives emerge.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration:
To address the complex challenges of the 21st
century, political science in Asia should continue
to embrace interdisciplinary collaboration.
Scholars must engage with economists,
environmentalists, technologists, and social
scientists to foster holistic understanding and
effective policy solutions.
Global Engagement:
Asia's role in global affairs requires active global
engagement. Political science scholars and
practitioners should participate in international
dialogues, contribute to diplomacy, and provide
insights on issues that transcend borders.
Ethical Leadership:
The region's traditions of ethical governance
should inform political leadership. A
commitment to ethical leadership is crucial for
fostering just and inclusive societies.
Environmental Stewardship:
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
Environmental sustainability is paramount.
Asian political science must address the
pressing environmental challenges in the region
and promote policies that safeguard the planet.
Cultural Diplomacy:
Cultural diplomacy, rooted in the rich traditions
of Asia, can foster cross-cultural understanding
and harmony. The region should continue to
employ its cultural heritage as a tool for peace
and cooperation.
1. Keohane, Robert O., and Nye, Joseph S.
Jr. (2012). "Power and Interdependence:
World Politics in Transition." Pearson.
2. Sen, Amartya. (2010). "The Idea of
Justice." Belknap Press.
3. Howard, Rhoda H. (2014). "Artful
Diplomacy: The Style of International
Relations." University of Chicago Press.
4. Luetz, Johannes M., and Kornberger,
Martin. (2013). "The Politics of Multi-
Stakeholder Initiatives: The Crisis of the
Forest Stewardship Council." Journal of
Business Ethics.
5. Noddings, Nel. (2013). "Caring: A
Relational Approach to Ethics and Moral
Education." University of California
Press.
The way forward for political science in Asia is
one of continued collaboration, ethical
leadership, and a commitment to global
engagement. These references offer valuable
insights into the imperatives and pathways for
shaping a more just, sustainable, and
harmonious future for the region and the world.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
Primary Sources of Asian Political Thought
Asian political thought has a rich tradition with
primary sources that continue to shape political
philosophy, governance, and ethical principles.
These primary sources provide valuable insights
into the political ideas and values of Asia.
1. "Analects" (Lunyu) - Confucius: This
collection of sayings and ideas
attributed to Confucius is a foundational
text of Confucianism. It emphasizes
ethics, morality, and the role of
individuals in creating a harmonious
society.
2. "Tao Te Ching" - Laozi: Laozi's work is
the fundamental text of Taoism. It
introduces the concept of the Tao (the
Way) and explores ideas of balance,
simplicity, and living in harmony with
nature.
3. "Arthashastra" - Kautilya (Chanakya):
This ancient Indian treatise on
statecraft, economic policy, and military
strategy provides insights into
governance, diplomacy, and the
administration of an empire in ancient
India.
4. "Art of War" - Sun Tzu: Sun Tzu's classic
on strategy and warfare is influential
not only in military matters but also in
business, leadership, and diplomacy.
5. "The Bhagavad Gita" - Vyasa: A 700-
verse Hindu scripture, the Gita explores
moral dilemmas, the nature of duty, and
the concept of Dharma within the epic
Mahabharata.
6. "Constitution of Japan (1947): This
post-World War II document reflects the
values and principles of modern Japan,
including democracy, human rights, and
pacifism.
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia 2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams

7. "The Upanishads": A collection of 2. "Political Order and Political Decay:

ancient Indian texts that explore the From the Industrial Revolution to the
nature of reality, spirituality, and the Globalization of Democracy" by Francis
self, with implications for ethical and Fukuyama: An examination of the
political philosophy. evolution of political institutions and
governance, offering insights into the
8. "The Analects of Confucius": A
challenges of democratization in Asia.
compilation of sayings and ideas
attributed to Confucius, providing 3. "The China Model: Political
insights into Confucian values, ethics, Meritocracy and the Limits of
and governance. Democracy" by Daniel A. Bell: A
thought-provoking analysis of political
9. "The Art of Rhetoric" - Bhartrihari: An
meritocracy in China and its
Indian text that explores the art of
implications for governance.
persuasive communication, crucial in
politics and governance. 4. "The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes
and Democracy in Five Nations" by
10. "The Laws of Manu (Manusmriti): An
Gabriel A. Almond and Sidney Verba:
ancient Indian legal text that deals with
An influential work that explores the
social and ethical conduct, caste
political attitudes and democratic values
hierarchy, and the principles of justice.
of citizens in various nations, including
These primary sources of Asian political thought Asian countries.
continue to be influential in shaping political
5. "Democracy's Dharma: Religious
philosophy, governance, and ethical principles
Renaissance and Political Development
in the region and beyond. They provide valuable
in Taiwan" by Richard Madsen: A study
insights into the enduring values and ideas that
of the role of religion in the political
have guided Asian societies for centuries.
development of Taiwan.
Selected Books and Articles on Asian Political
Articles:
Science
1. "The Concept of Power in Asian
For those interested in delving deeper into the
Culture" by Hans-Dieter Evers: An
realm of Asian political science, the following
insightful examination of the cultural
list provides a selection of noteworthy books
dimensions of power in Asian societies,
and articles that offer insights into the diverse
published in the journal "Asia Europe
facets of political thought, governance, and
Journal."
contemporary challenges in the region:
2. "Rethinking Political Science in East
Books:
Asia" by Ilan Kapoor and Byung-Kook
1. "The Making of Southeast Asia: Kim: A critical reflection on the state of
International Relations of a Region" by political science in East Asia, published
Amitav Acharya: A comprehensive in "Perspectives on Politics."
exploration of the regional dynamics
3. "The Philosophy and Politics of Czech
and international relations in Southeast
Dissidence from Patočka to Havel" by
Asia.
Mary E. Tucker: An exploration of the
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia
philosophical underpinnings of political
dissidence in Central Europe, including
the works of Jan Patočka and Václav
Havel, published in "University of
Pittsburgh Press."
4. "The Confucian Roots of South Korea's
Developmental State" by Jae Ho
Chung: An examination of the influence
of Confucianism on South Korea's
developmental state model, published
in "Stanford University Press."
5. "The Idea of Justice" by Amartya Sen: A
profound article that delves into the
concept of justice, offering a fresh
perspective on the discourse of justice,
published in "Belknap Press."
These selected books and articles provide a
diverse and informative collection of literature
on Asian political science. They offer valuable
insights into the political dynamics, governance,
and philosophical underpinnings that continue
to shape the region's political landscape.
Interviews and Personal Communications
In the realm of Asian political science,
interviews and personal communications with
experts, scholars, and policymakers play a
pivotal role in enriching our understanding of
the region's political dynamics. These
interactions provide firsthand insights,
contextual perspectives, and real-world
experiences that are often invaluable for
academic research and policy analysis.
Expert Interviews:
Conversations with experts in the field of Asian
political science offer the opportunity to tap
into the specialized knowledge and experiences
of seasoned scholars and practitioners. These
interviews can shed light on specific aspects of
regional politics, governance, and policy
implementation.
2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams
Scholarly Discourse:
Engaging with fellow scholars through
interviews or personal communications allows
for the exchange of ideas, theories, and
research findings. These interactions foster
collaboration and a deeper understanding of
the evolving political landscape in Asia.
Policy Insights:
Interviews with policymakers, government
officials, and diplomats provide a firsthand look
into the decision-making processes, policy
challenges, and international relations. These
insights are crucial for understanding the
practical application of political science
principles.
Contextual Understanding:
Personal communications with individuals from
diverse backgrounds and regions within Asia
offer a nuanced view of the cultural, social, and
historical factors that influence political thought
and governance in the region.
1. King, Gary, Keohane, Robert O., and
Verba, Sidney. (1994). "Designing Social
Inquiry: Scientific Inference in
Qualitative Research." Princeton
University Press.
2. Fontana, Andrea, and Frey, James H.
(2005). "The Interview: From Structured
Questions to Negotiated Text." In
"Handbook of Qualitative Research."
3. Flick, Uwe. (2009). "An Introduction to
Qualitative Research." SAGE
Publications.
4. Brinkmann, Svend, and Kvale, Steinar.
(2015). "InterViews: Learning the Craft
of Qualitative Research Interviewing."
SAGE Publications.
5. Gubrium, Jaber F., Holstein, James A.,
Marvasti, Amir B., and McKinney, Karyn
The Myth of Political Science is a Way of Life in Asia 2010 by; Dr. Larry Adams

D. (2012). "The SAGE Handbook of

Interview Research: The Complexity of
the Craft." SAGE Publications.

7. Jansen, Marius B. (2002). "The Making

of Modern Japan." Belknap Press.

8. Guha, Ramachandra. (2007). "India

after Gandhi: The History of the World's
Largest Democracy." HarperCollins.

9. Li, Cheng. (2012). "The Political

Philosophy of Confucianism." Princeton
University Press.

10. Kaviraj, Sudipta. (2012). "The Imaginary

Institution of India: Politics and Ideas."
Columbia University Press.

11. Thong, Tezenlo. (2019). "Emerging

Trends in Southeast Asian Politics."
Routledge.

12. Dahl, Robert A. (1989). "Democracy and

Its Critics." Yale University Press.

Interviews and personal communications are

valuable tools for exploring the multifaceted
landscape of Asian political science. They offer
an authentic and context-rich perspective that
complements traditional research
methodologies and enhances the depth of
knowledge in the field.