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Tc 金石上的寶座GemSetInGold
Tc 金石上的寶座GemSetInGold
Tc 金石上的寶座GemSetInGold
—解 行 並 重
THE GEM SET IN GOLD
理 論 (Pariyatti)手 冊
內觀十日課程中的巴利及印地語唱誦
葛印卡老師
財團法人 臺灣內觀禪修基金會
恭敬、謙遜,
知足、感恩,
適時聽聞正法:
這樣最吉祥。
-- 釋迦摩尼佛,吉祥經
巴利文獻是內觀修行者的正法寶庫;如此甜美,就像摻了蜜
的蛋糕一樣,整個地甜美。每一句話都似仙饌般令人回味…
我肯定這個語言將會變得非常廣為人知。
-- 葛印卡
目 錄
簡介 ................................................................................................. I
關於唱誦 ....................................................................................... IV
巴利發音 ...................................................................................... .VI
十日課程開課當晚唱誦 ................................................................. 1
十日課程每日晨間唱誦 ................................................................. 7
巴利經文之前 Pre-Pāli Sutta ................................................... 7
巴利經文之後 Post-Pāli Sutta ................................................. 12
第一天──阿吒曩胝經 Āṭānāṭiya Suttaṃ .................................. 23
第二天──三寶經 Ratana Suttaṃ ................................................. 29
第三天──慈心應作經 Karaṇīyametta Suttaṃ .......................... 33
第四天──佛勝吉祥偈 Buddha Jayamaṅgala-aṭṭhagāthā .......... 35
第五天──三法發趣 Tikapaṭṭhāna ............................................. 37
第六天──緣起 Paṭiccasamuppāda ............................................. 39
第七天──七覺支護衛經 Bojjhaṅga-paritta ................................ 43
第八天──友益經 Mittānisaṃsa ................................................... 45
第九天──吉祥經 Maṅgala Suttaṃ ............................................ 49
第十天──慈心觀 Mettā-bhāvanā .............................................. 53
集體共修,內觀及慈心觀 ........................................................... 55
內觀方法指導時段的唱誦 ..................................................... 59
堅決靜坐共修唱誦 Adhiṭṭhāna ............................................. 62
慈悲日唱誦 Mettā ................................................................. 67
開示中引用的巴利經句 ............................................................... 73
附錄:巴利唱誦的字義 .......................................................... 83
參考文獻............................................................................... 115
簡介
敬愛的內觀禪修老師,葛印卡先生(S.N. Goenka)在 1969 年離開家
鄉緬甸前往印度。當時緬甸的海關,對於走私珠寶特別警戒。在仰光機場,
葛印卡老師被詢問是否攜帶任何貴重物品。他微笑地回答:「我帶著一種
珍寶。」然後向表示關切的海關人員繼續解釋:「我從這裡帶走的珍寶,
將會償還緬甸積欠印度的恩惠。它原先來自於印度,而印度現在極需要它。
雖然我將它帶走,緬甸並不會因而有任何虧損。我所攜帶的就是法的珍寶
(the jewel of the Dhamma)。」
這個珍寶,是佛陀莊嚴的實修教導,現在已經傳授給全世界的人們。
在緬甸這個小國家審慎地保存了幾世紀之後,在葛印卡老師慈悲又積極的
指導下,法已經回到了它的發源地印度,並從印度再傳遍世界各地。成千
上萬來自各種不同文化、宗教及國家的人們,已經開始走上這條古道,讓
自己從痛苦的束縛中解脫。
葛印卡老師所弘傳的寶藏就是內觀(Vipassana),佛陀教法的精髓。
他以自己的話,用現代的語言來弘傳這個實修的珍寶,同時也鼓勵大家以
佛陀採用的語言──巴利語(Pāli),來研習佛陀原始的教法。而法的兩個相
輔相成的面向,在巴利語稱之為 paṭipatti(行 --實修) 和 pariyatti(解 --
理論)。葛印卡老師將這兩者視為:「珍寶,由於黃金鑲座而更加璀璨。」
身為老師,葛印卡先生總是強調實修(paṭipatti),因為唯有透過有系
統地自我省察而體驗真理,才能淨化內心並解脫痛苦:這就是法寶。不過,
和實修練習攜手並進的,還有如同保護珍貴珠寶之金座的理論基礎。扎實
的理論(pariyatti)基礎,提供必要的指引及啟發,讓禪修者得以在正道上
持續邁出正確的步伐。
葛印卡老師精通理論和實修,對於我們這一代及後人來說真是幸運。
當他 1969 年來到印度時,的確是帶著法的兩個面向而來的;包括他獨特
的禪修教法,和千百部以緬甸文書寫的巴利三藏(Tipiṭaka)經典。
至今幾十年來,這兩個面向已逐漸開花結果。成千上萬的尋法者,在
世界各地參加了內觀十日課程,親身體驗法(Dhamma)的蛻變效益,將
佛陀的言教付諸實修,並開始從痛苦中出離。而透過內觀研究所
I
II 金座上的寶石—解行並重
書讀者將了解這些唱誦的意思,並且能夠更深入地運用在實修練習。
願本書利益世世代代,並有助於達成葛印卡老師的教誨:「我們的目
標一直都是在自身內體驗法,從所有痛苦中出離。而達成目標的方法就是
內觀禪修的實踐。閱讀、寫作及研討都只是為了尋求指引及啟發,好讓實
修能夠更為深入,以趨向解脫的目標。」
IV 金座上的寶石—解行並重
關於唱誦
十日課程中葛印卡老師唱誦的幾個時段,在所有錄音教材中是一樣的。
本書裡的唱誦,取自 1985 年在印度法崗(Dhamma Giri)所錄製的印地語
(Hindi)-英語雙語教材。由於葛印卡老師是用印地語及英語直接教導,
因此這也是用來翻譯成各種其它語言的教材版本,也就是國際標準教材。
這個版本與 1984 年在美國麻州 Dhamma Dharā所錄的英語教材,在印地
語對句(doha)上稍有不同。由於只是少部分的小差別,因此我們並未特
別註記,以免讓本書太過複雜。
每天早晨唱誦的巴利經(Pāli sutta),各有不同的出處。在每天的經
文之前會穿插一小段註記,說明該經文的相關文獻以及在巴利三藏的出處。
有幾天的「經文」並非出自巴利三藏(Pāli Tipiṭaka)。它們是傳統的護衛
經唱誦(paritta),在南傳佛教國家保存了二十幾個世紀,並已成為修行
日課的一部份。
護衛經(paritta)是個非常古老的傳統,可以回溯至佛陀當時。在長
部(Dīgha-nikāya)的阿吒曩胝經(Āṭānāṭiya Sutta)〔Āṭānāṭa:古城名,
讀音如「阿塔那塔」〕的結尾,佛陀這樣勉勵比丘:「比丘們(Bhikkhus),
你們應該學習阿塔那塔(Āṭānāṭa)這些護衛經偈,熟練並牢記它們。它們
是為了你們的利益,透過它們,比丘、比丘尼、在家男女居士都可以受到
衛護、保護,不受傷害而安心地生活。」另外,律藏(Vinaya-piṭaka)小
品第五(Cūḷavagga, 5),佛陀教導比丘蘊護經(Khandha-paritta),給予
蛇及其它野生動物慈愛(mettā)的方法,以保護自己免於受到牠們的傷
害。
從這些最古老的起源,久而久之就有了適用不同情境的護衛經paritta,
或說護衛詩偈的集成。有些出自經典,但通常會加上後來創作的詩句作為
簡介。其它則是一些和巴利三藏中的事件或經文有關而集成的啟發性詩偈。
本書裡的晨間唱誦,就包含了這幾種類型的例子。
每天共修開始和結束的唱誦,則有葛印卡老師的印地語對句(doha)。
這些doha及它們的英文翻譯,早就出現在《來吧!世人們!》
(Come People
關於唱誦 V
of the World)這本小冊子裡。而本書的目的則是完整編輯十日課程中學員
所聽到的,包括印地語和巴利語的所有唱誦。因此這些doha也包括在本書
內。
收在本書最末章的夜間開示巴利文句,許多也出現在唱誦,或在每天
的晨間唱誦。雖然有重複的情形,我們仍然納入這一章,以方便讀者找到
在開示中聽見的句子。
過去幾十年來,葛印卡老師在各個不同地點教導,也錄過很多次開示。
他曾在不同時間地點,引用佛陀教法中不同的巴利文句來闡釋開示的重點。
在早期教導的課程中,引用的巴利語比較多。後來,他開始在西方教導後,
某些文句整段去掉了,或是只有翻譯而未真正引用巴利語。本書開示中的
巴利文句那一章,是取自 1991 年於美國加州Dhamma Mahāvana的錄音教
材。
我們嘗試從翻譯傳達原文的精神,並且盡量逐字逐行貼近原文。如此
即使只懂一點巴利語,不懂印地語,也能繼續閱讀,並且能就某字或某句
對照原文和英文。不過,為了符合譯文文法,還是不可能逐行對照翻譯。
那些想更審慎研讀巴利語的讀者,可以在附錄裡找到晨間唱誦巴利經
文中關鍵詞的意思。本書並無意成為完整的文法書或教科書。坊間已有多
本巴利教科書,若結合其中之一來使用,本書應該可以幫助研習巴利語的
學生,更審慎地了解翻譯。
編者
內觀研究所
法崗,2006
VI 金座上的寶石—解行並重
巴利語(PĀLI)和印地語(HINDI)的發音說明
巴利語(Pāli)字母由四十一個字體組成:8 個母音和 33 個子音。
母音:a,ā,i,ī,u,ū,e,o
子音:
軟顎音: k kh g gh ṅ
上顎音: c ch j jh ñ
捲舌音: ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ
齒音: t th d dh n
唇音: p ph b bh m
各種各樣的子音: y,r,l,v,s,h,ḷ,ṃ
母音a,i,u為短音;ā,ī,ū 為長音;e和 o是發長音的,除了前面是兩
個子音時:deva,mettā;loka,phoṭṭhabbā。
a 就像「about」中的「a」發音;ā就像「father」中的「a」;
i 就像「mint」中的「i」發音;ī 就像「see」中的「ee」;
u 就像「put」中的「u」發音;ū就像「pool」中的「oo」。
子音c如同「church」中的「ch」發音。所有的送氣子音是在正常的無氣音
之後發出聽得見的送氣聲來。因此 th不像「three」而是更像在「Thailand」
中的音,ph不是像「photo」而是相當於「p」伴隨著氣息的排氣發音。
捲舌的子音,ṭ,ṭh,ḍ,ḍh,ṇ是以舌尖後捲而發出,反之,齒音子音,t,
th,d,dh,n,則是舌尖碰觸上方牙齒。
上顎鼻音,ñ,是如同西班牙語的「señor」中的「ñ」一樣。軟顎鼻音,ṅ,
就像「singer」中的「ng」發音,但只和它的組群中的其他子音一同出現:
ṅk、ṅkh、 ṅg、ṅgh。ṃ 的發音和 ṅ 的相似,但最通常出現在尾音的鼻
音化:「evaṃ me suttaṃ」。巴利語(Pāli)中的 v是個輕音的「v」或「w」,
而 ḷ是以舌頭後捲的發音,幾乎是聯合的「rl」音。
關於唱誦 VII
印地語(Hindi)和巴利語使用相同的字體,除了ḷ之外。此外,印地語也
多了四個母音和兩個子音。
母音:ai,au,ḥ,ṛ
子音: ś,ṣ
母音ai,au的發音就如同英文,ai就像「aee」,而au就像「loud」中的「ou」。
(請注意,印地語轉寫為羅馬字母時,ie並非雙母音,而是各別發音的兩
個母音,ae也一樣。)
ḥ是母音後面跟的氣音,例如:「 aḥ」就像是「uh」。
ṛ就像是唸出「 r」,發音像「ri」以發顫音的「r」發音。
ś是捲舌發音的「sh」; ṣ是上顎音的「sh」。
鼻音則和巴利語一樣,但以不同形式表示(n,ṅ,ñ,ṇ,m,ṃ),可以
說是接近英語的正確發音。
十日課程開課當晚唱誦
Namo tassa bhagavato, arahato, 禮敬世尊,阿羅漢,
sammā-sambuddhassa. 正等正覺者
Tisaraṇa-gamanaṃ 皈依三寶
Buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi. 我皈依佛
Dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi. 我皈依法
Saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi 我皈依僧。
Pañca-sīla 五戒
Pāṇātipātā veramaṇī 我受持不殺生的戒。(我接受戒的訓
sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 練,學習戒除殺生的行為。)
Adinnādānā veramaṇī 我受持不偷盜的戒。(我接受戒的訓
sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 練,學習戒除偷盜的行為。)
Kāmesu micchācārā veramaṇī 我受持不邪淫的戒。(我接受戒的訓
sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 練,學習戒除邪淫的行為。)
Musā-vādā veramaṇī 我受持不妄語的戒。(我接受戒的訓
sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 練,學習戒除妄語。)
Surā-meraya-majjapamādaṭṭhānā 我受持戒除所有酒毒品的戒。(我接
veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ 受戒的訓練,學習戒除所有麻醉品和
samādiyāmi. 會導致懈怠的物品﹙如酒、毒品等)。
Aṭṭhaṅga-sīla 八戒
Pāṇātipātā veramaṇī 我受持不殺生的戒。
sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi.
Adinnādānā veramaṇī 我受持不偷盜的戒。
sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi.
Abrahmacariyā veramaṇī 我受持不淫(獨身)的戒。
sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi.
Musā-vādā veramaṇī 我受持不妄語的戒。
sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi.
Surā-meraya-majja- 我受持戒除所有酒毒品的戒。
pamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī
sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi.
Vikālabhojanā veramaṇī 我受持不在不恰當的時間進食(不
sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 非時食)的戒。
4 金座上的寶石—解行並重
Nacca-gīta-vādita- 我受持不跳舞、不唱歌、不奏樂、
visūkadassanā- mālā-gandha- 不享受各種感官上的娛樂,不以
vilepana-dhāraṇa-maṇḍana- 花鬘、香水、化妝品、珠寶裝飾
vibhūsanaṭṭhānā veramaṇī 身體(不著香花鬘、不香油塗身;
sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 不歌舞倡伎、不故往觀聽)的戒。
Uccāsayana-mahāsayanā 我受持不睡高大、奢華的床的(不坐
veramaṇi sikkhāpadaṃ 臥高廣大床)戒。
samādiyāmi.
Pariccajāmi 交託自我
Kammaṭṭhāna 求法〔業處〕
Hindi: 印地語:
Pāli: 巴利:
Hindi 印地語
7
8 金座上的寶石-- 解行並重
Pāli 巴利
2.a) Deva-āhvānasuttaṃ 2.a)向天眾致詞
Samantā cakkavāḷesu, 從十方各界而來,匯聚於此的
atrāgacchantu devatā; (3x) 天眾,(3 次)
saddhammaṃ munirājassa, 聆聽聖王趨向天界善趣與解脫
suṇantu sagga-mokkhadaṃ 的純淨正法。
Dhammassavaṇakālo ayaṃ, 諸位大德,現在正是聆聽正法
bhadantā. (3x). 的時候。(3 次)
每日晨間唱誦/巴利經文之前 9
ujuppaṭipanno 修行正直諸弟子,世尊僧團
Bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho; 得久住(正直修行的人,形成
世尊的僧伽弟子)。
ñāyappaṭipanno 修行智敏諸弟子,世尊僧團
Bhagavato sāvaka saṅgho; 得久住(睿智修行的人,形成
世尊的僧伽弟子)。
sāmīcippaṭipanno 修行切當諸弟子,世尊僧團
Bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho; 得久住。(適當修行的人,形
成世尊的僧伽弟子)
接下來是每天的巴利經文唱誦
12 金座上的寶石-- 解行並重
巴利經文之後
這段經文摘自《三寶經》(Ratana Sutta),在每天的巴利經文唱誦結束後
出現。代表晨間唱誦的巴利部分已經結束,接下來是結尾的印地語唱誦。
Hindi 印地語
Day 1 第1天
Day 2 第2天
前三首對句(doha)是重複的,只偶爾有些變化,而結尾都一樣是「Sabakā
maṅgala」,只是每天稍有不同。下面只列出每天的不同處:
Day 3 第3天
Day 4 第4天
Day 5 第5天
第6天
Day 6
我禮敬我尊敬的恩師,
Namana karūṅ gurudeva ko,
我稽首頂禮他的雙足。
caraṇana śīśa navāya;
他給我這麼珍貴的法。
dharama ratana aisā diyā,
讓邪惡不能在我心滋長。
pāpa panapa nahīṅ pāya.
Day 7 第7天
Day 8 第8天
Day 9 第9天
Day 10 第 10 天
〔這些對句是在第十天慈心觀(Mettā Bhāvanā)之前。在前九天,頭兩首
對句是在巴利經文之後。〕
Day 11 第 11 天
課程結束當天清晨,在最後開示之前,省略了每天開頭的印地語及巴利語
唱誦。直接以「禮敬世尊…」(Namo tassa . . .,見第 7-9 頁,第 3-10)開
始。然後以下列印地語對句結束晨間唱誦,接著是開示。
22 金座上的寶石-- 解行並重
23
24 金座上的寶石—解行並重
Abhivādana-sīlissa, 總是虔敬、尊重長者的人,
niccaṃ vuḍḍhāpacāyino; 會增長四種特質:
cattāro dhammā vaḍḍhanti, 長壽、美貌、快樂及力量。
āyu vaṇṇo sukhaṃ balaṃ.
註:
1. 四眾是比丘 bhikkhu、比丘尼 bhikkhunī、優婆塞 upāsaka(在家男弟子)、
優婆夷 upāsikā(在家女弟子)。
2. 如來的十力即對十種智識的完全理解。
3. 佛陀的四種信心包括:i)已獲得最高智慧,ii)已解脫一切煩惱染污,iii)
已識別修行道上的障礙,iv)已正確教導解脫之道。
4. 佛陀的十八德行(virtue)是:1)知見所有過去事,2)知見所有現在事,
3)知見所有未來事,4)身体行為正當適宜,5)語言行為正當適宜,6)心理
行為正當適宜,7)念力堅定,8)記憶力堅定,9)定力堅定,10)精進力堅
定,11)解脫堅定,12)智慧堅定,13)不再浮躁,14)不再喧嚷,15)不再
困惑,16)不再急促,17)不再散漫,以及 18)不再輕率。
28 金座上的寶石—解行並重
5. 三十二相﹙主要特徵﹚及八十種好﹙次要徵狀﹚是佛陀才俱足的身體特
徵。三十二相在《長部》Dīgha Nikāya, III. 7<三十二相經>﹙Lakkhaṇa
Sutta﹚有詳細描述。八十種好在三藏或注釋中並未列出,但曾出現此名
詞﹙anubyañjana﹚。顯然此八十種好是晚期由緬甸作者首度列出的。
第 2 天—三寶經
這首讚頌佛、法、僧三寶的護衛經(paritta),出自《經集》Sutta Nipāta (2.1),
是《小部》Khuddhaka-nikāya 諸多經文裡最古老及最受歡迎的經文之一。
如同偈文開頭引言所示,這是佛陀在毘舍離 Vesāli 的一場饑荒時所唱誦。
這裡第一段經文是後來加上的,而此處收錄的最後一段經文,則是原典中
最後三段經文的濃縮。
Koṭisatasahassesu, 無數界的天眾已接受
cakkavālesu devatā; 此護衛經的權威;
yassāṇaṃ paṭigaṇhanti, 並且使得從前在毘舍離城,
yañca vesāliyā pure; 因疾病、非人、饑荒引生的
rogāmanussa-dubbhikkhaṃ, 三種恐懼,
sambhūtaṃ tividhaṃ bhayaṃ; 迅速消失;
khippamantaradhāpesi, 讓我們唸誦此護衛經。
parittaṃ taṃ bhaṇāmahe.
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30 金座上的寶石-- 解行並重
至上的佛陀所稱讚的清淨,
Yaṃ buddhaseṭṭho parivaṇṇayī suciṃ,
稱為無間斷的正定;
samādhimānantarikaññamāhu;
此正定無與倫比,
samādhinā tena samo na vijjati,
這如此珍貴之寶在正法。
idampi dhamme ratanaṃ paṇītaṃ;
以此真實語,祝福快樂!
etena saccena suvatthi hotu.
智者所稱讚之八種人〔八輩〕,
Ye puggalā aṭṭha sataṃ pasatthā,
也就是四對〔四雙〕;
cattāri etāni yugāni honti;
這些佛陀的聖弟子值得供養;
te dakkhiṇeyyā Sugatassa sāvakā,
供養他們帶來大果報。
etesu dinnāni mahapphalāni;
這如此珍貴之寶在僧伽。
idampi saṅghe ratanaṃ paṇītaṃ,
etena saccena suvatthi hotu. 以此真實語,祝福快樂!
註:
1. 初果是須陀洹(sotāpanna),「入流」。
2. 四惡道是:i) 地獄(Niraya 泥洹),ii)畜牲道,iii)鬼道,iv)阿修羅道。
3. 六逆重罪:i)弒母,ii)弒父,iii)殺阿羅漢,iv)分裂僧團(破和合僧),v)
傷害佛陀身體(出佛身血),vi)持有邪見。
第 3 天—慈心應作經
這首稱頌慈愛一切眾生的護衛經,出現於《經集》(Sutta Nipāta 1, 8),
以及《小誦經》Khuddakapāṭha(9)。這兩個出處都標題為<慈經>
(Mettasuttaṃ)。如同護衛經的慣例,加入第一段經文引介,並參照原經
文的第一句命名為<慈心應作經>(Karaṇīyamettasuttaṃ),以區別其他
的<慈經>(Mettasuttaṃ)。
Karaṇīyamatthakusalena, 精通瞭解幸福,
yantaṃ santaṃ padaṃ abhisamecca; 又希望達到究竟安詳的人,
sakko ujū ca suhujū ca, 應該要︰具有能力,正直,非常正直,
suvaco cassa mudu anatimānī. 言詞溫婉,和善且謙虛。
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34 金座上的寶石-- 解行並重
Mārātirekamabhiyujjhita- 阿羅瓦加﹙Ālavaka﹚,
sabbarattiṃ, 比魔王更兇暴,整夜戰鬥,
ghorampanālavakamakkhama- 這個殘暴頑強不屈的夜叉。
thaddha-yakkhaṃ; 佛陀以堅忍、調御力,降服他。
khantī sudantavidhinā jitavā munindo, 藉由此美德之威力,
taṃ tejasā bhavatu te jayamaṅgalāni. 願你勝利、快樂。
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36 金座上的寶石—解行並重
Ukkhittakhaggamatihattha- 央固利摩羅﹙Aṅgulimāla﹚高舉著
sudāruṇantaṃ, 刀,毫不留情地,
dhāvanti yojanapath- 追了一由旬〔約七哩〕。
aṅgulimālavantaṃ; 佛陀以神通力之心,調服他。
iddhībhisaṅkhatamano jitavā 藉由此美德之威力,
munindo, 願你勝利、快樂。
taṃ tejasā bhavatu te jayamaṅgalāni.
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38 金座上的寶石-- 解行並重
Paṭṭhānamātikā <發趣論論母>﹙二十四緣﹚
hetu-paccayo 1. 因緣
ārammaṇa-paccayo 2. 所緣緣
adhipati-paccayo 3. 增上緣
anantara-paccayo 4. 無間緣
samanantara-paccayo 5. 相續緣﹙等無間緣﹚
sahajāta-paccayo 6. 俱生緣
aññamañña-paccayo 7. 相互緣
nissaya-paccayo 8. 依止緣
upanissaya-paccayo 9. 親依止緣
purejāta-paccayo 10. 前生緣
pacchājāta-paccayo 11. 後生緣
āsevana-paccayo 12. 重複緣﹙數數習行緣﹚
kamma-paccayo 13. 業緣
vipāka-paccayo 14. 果報緣
āhāra-paccayo 15. 食緣
indriya-paccayo 16. 根緣
jhāna-paccayo 17. 禪那緣
magga-paccayo 18. 道緣
sampayutta-paccayo 19. 相應緣
vippayutta-paccayo 20. 不相應緣
atthi-paccayo 21. 有緣
natthi-paccayo 22. 非有緣
vigata-paccayo 23. 去緣﹙離去緣﹚
avigata-paccayo’ti 24. 不去緣﹙不離去緣﹚
第 6 天—緣起
下面幾段文字,取自不同出處,生動地重現了佛陀證悟解脫當夜的情況。
首先是「緣起」Paṭiccasamuppāda 的偈頌,當夜這關鍵性的洞見導致自苦
中出離。其次是佛陀剛悟道的最初話語,取自《自說經》﹙Udāna, I. 1–3﹚
及《法句經》﹙Dhammapada, XI. 8–9/153–154﹚。最後一段則是描寫佛陀
證悟的消息在三十一天界傳開時的欣喜歡樂。
Paṭiccasamuppāda <緣起>
(Anuloma) ﹙流轉次第﹚
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40 金座上的寶石-- 解行並重
(Paṭiloma) ﹙還滅次第﹚
Udāna-gāthā 即興語
Aneka-jāti-saṃsāraṃ, 在輪迴中無數次的投生,
sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ; 我徒然無益地奔跑,
gahakārakaṃ gavesanto, 尋找這個房屋的建造者;
dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ. 而一再面對新生的痛苦。
Bojjhaṅgaparitta <七覺支護衛經>
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44 金座上的寶石-- 解行並重
Mittānisaṃsa <友誼的利益>
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46 金座上的寶石-- 解行並重
Virūḷhamūlasantānaṃ, 就像根基穩固的
nigrodhamiva māluto; 榕樹不受強風〔不能傷害〕榕樹,
amittā na pasahanti, 從根到頂都成熟強壯;
yo mittānaṃ na dūbhati. 敵人無法打敗他:
他是不背棄朋友的人。
第 9 天—吉祥經
《吉祥經》(Maṅgala-suttaṃ)有時也稱為在家居士的紀律(vinaya),
在南傳佛教國家十分普及。常被唱誦的兩段傳統開經偈,提供了此經
的背景──長久以來,天人(deva)和人經常討論什麼是真正的「吉祥」
﹙幸福快樂﹚。經文以「如是我聞」(Evaṃ me sutaṃ)起頭,並告訴我
們當時的情境──有天人來見佛陀提問以求澄清。葛印卡老師在第九天
的唱誦,則是從佛陀的回答(第 50 頁)開始。
Maṅgala 這個字的字面意思是吉兆,幸運將臨的徵兆。在本開示中
佛陀解釋,未來吉祥快樂最確定的徵兆,就是現在行善。本經出自《小
部.經集》(Khuddaka-nikāya, Sutta Nipāta, II. 4)。
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50 金座上的寶石-- 解行並重
Mātā-pitu-upaṭṭhānaṃ, 服侍父母,
puttadārassa saṅgaho; 照顧配偶及子女,
anākulā ca kammantā, 正當的職業:
etaṃ maṅgalamuttamaṃ. 這樣最吉祥。
註:
1. 八種世間法(lokadhammā):得(lābha)失(alābha),毀(ayaso)譽
(yaso),稱讚(pasaṃsā)譏(nindā),樂(sukha)苦(dukkha)。
第 10 天—慈心觀
第十天早上的唱誦,描述了「慈心觀」﹙mettā-bhāvanā﹚修行的一部份。
這裡則列出了給予慈心﹙mettā﹚的完整傳統方式。在第十天早上的唱誦,
葛印卡老師先由向十方散發慈心開始。「在只用英語的單語課程中,他在
傳授慈心觀修法時,則從下面所列的第一偈開始,並繼續其後的不同偈
文。」
Mettā-bhāvanā <慈心觀>
Mātā-pitu-ācariya-ñātisamūhā, 父親,母親,老師,親戚,
Averā hontu, 以及每個人──
abyāpajjhā hontu. 願他們從敵意中解脫,
anīghā hontu, 願他們從瞋恨中解脫,
sukhī attānaṃ pariharantu. 願他們從憤怒中解脫,
願他們自己保持快樂。
Ārakkhadevatā, 守護神,
bhūmaṭṭhadevatā, 地神,
rukkhaṭṭhadevatā, 樹神,
ākāsaṭṭhadevatā;] 天神」
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54 金座上的寶石-- 解行並重
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56 金座上的寶石-- 解行並重
Vipassanā-bhāvanā 【內觀方法指導】
Pāli 巴利語
Hindi 印地語
Pāli 巴利語
Kammaṭṭhāna 求法〔業處〕
Hindi: 印地語
【內觀方法指導後之結束唱誦】
Hindi 印地語
Pāli 巴利語
【堅決靜坐的唱誦】
從此時開始,課程中的共修以一首印地語對句開始,並以此處所列的巴利
經文結束。由於結束的唱誦都一樣(只有第八天不同,如下所註),因此
只列出從第五天到第十天,共修開始的印地語對句。
Hindi 印地語
Pāli 巴利語
Aneka-jāti-saṃsāraṃ, 在輪迴中無數次的投生,
sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ; 我徒然無益地奔跑,
gahakārakaṃ gavesanto, 尋找這個房屋的建造者;
dukkhā-jāti-punappunaṃ. 而一再面對新生的痛苦。
Puññānumodanaṃ 《分享功德》
下午慈心觀結束部分,從這裡開始,和早上慈心觀結束的唱誦一樣。.
<傍晚開始>
evening start
深深向內投入,
Antara meṅ ḍubakī lagī,
整個人都完全浸潤於
bhīga gae saba aṅga;
法的色彩,
dharama raṅga aisā caḍhā,
再沒有其他顏色能雜染。
caḍhe na dūjā raṅga.
第十一天
Day Eleven
【慈心觀】
Mettā introduction
願我所獲的功德
Mere arjita puṇya meṅ,
和每一個人分享。
bhāga sabhī kā hoya;
願這廣大無邊的正法
isa maṅgala-maya dharama kā,
利益每一個人。
lābha sabhī ko hoya.
集體共修,內觀及慈心觀 71
Puññānumodanaṃ 《分享功德》
你必須自己用功修行,
覺者只指引我們道路。
另譯:了參法師譯《南傳法句經》
汝當自努力!如來惟說者。
隨禪定行者,解脫魔繫縛。
--法句經 20 道品 第 4 偈(第 276 偈)
Sabba-pāpassa akaraṇaṃ,
kusalassa upasampadā,
sa-citta pariyodapanaṃ—
etaṃ Buddbāna-sāsanaṃ.
--Dhammapada, XIV, 5(183).
諸惡莫作,
眾善奉行,
自淨其意—
這是諸佛的教導。
另譯:了參法師譯《南傳法句經》
一切惡莫作,一切善應行,
自調淨其意,是則諸佛教。
--法句經 14 佛陀品 第 5 偈(第 183 偈)
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74 金座上的寶石—解行並重
第四天
Niccaṃ kāyagatā-sati
--Dhammapada, XXI. 4 (293).
一直保持對身體的覺知[身至念]。
Mano-pubbaṅgamā dhammā,
mano-seṭṭhā, mano-mayā.
Manasā ce paduṭṭhena
bhāsati vā karoti vā,
tato naṃ dukkhamanveti
cakkaṃ’va vahato padaṃ.
Mano-pubbaṅgamā dhammā,
mano-seṭṭhā, mano-mayā.
Manasā ce pasannena,
bhāsati vā karoti vā,
tato naṃ sukhamanveti
chāyā’va anapāyinī.
--Dhammapada, I. 1&2.
心先於一切現象,
心最重要,一切都是心所造的。
若言談舉止出於不淨之心,
則痛苦亦步亦趨,如車輪緊隨於拖車牲口之足後。
心先於一切現象,
心最重要,一切都是心所造的。
若言談舉止出於清淨之心,
則快樂如影隨形,須臾不離。
另譯:了參法師譯《南傳法句經》
諸法意先導,意主意造作。
若以染污意,或語或行業,
是則苦隨彼,如輪隨獸足。
晚間開示引用經句 75
諸法意先導,意主意造作。
若以清淨意,或語或行業,
是則樂隨彼,如影不離形。
--法句經 1 雙品 第 1、2 偈
第五天
生是苦;老是苦;
病是苦;死是苦;
怨憎會是苦;
愛別離是苦;
求不得是苦;
簡言之,對五蘊的執取就是苦。
--相應部 大篇 12 諦相應 2 轉法輪品 1 如來所說經(一)
諸行確實無常,
自然地生起、滅去。
如果它們生起之後就息滅再無後續,
則其止息便能帶來喜樂。
76 金座上的寶石—解行並重
另譯:
諸行無常,是生滅法。
生滅滅已,寂滅為樂。
--長部 第二 大品 16 大般涅槃經
Paṭicca-samuppāda 緣起法
請詳第 39-40 頁。
Aneka-jāti saṃsāraṃ,
sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;
gahakārakaṃ gavesanto,
dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.
Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi,
puna gehaṃ na kāhasi;
sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā,
gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhitaṃ;
visaṅkhāra-gataṃ cittaṃ,
taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā.
--Dhammapada, XI. 8&9(153&154).
經過了無數的生死輪迴,
我一直尋找不到房屋的建造者;
因而一次又一次地我經歷新的輪迴(出生)的苦痛,
喔!房屋的建造者呀,我終於找到你了,
你無法再為我起造新的屋子了。
你所有的橫樑已斷裂,
棟木已摧毀,
我的心已從習性反應的束縛中解脫出來;
已經達到貪的止息。
另譯:了參法師譯《南傳法句經》
經多生輪迴,尋求造屋者,
但未得見之,痛苦再再生。
晚間開示引用經句 77
以見造屋者!不再造於屋。
椽捔皆毀壞,棟樑亦催折。
我既證無為,一切愛盡滅。
--法句經 11 老品 第 8、9 偈(第 153、154 偈)
第六天
「諸行無常」,
洞察及此,
便能離苦;
此即淨化之道。
另譯:了參法師譯《南傳法句經》
「一切行無常」,以慧觀照時,
得厭離於苦。此乃清淨道。
--法句經 20 道品 第 5 偈(第 277 偈)
當舊[業]摧毀且不再造新業時,
心不再執取未來的投生。
種子摧毀了,[對於有]的渴愛即不生長,
這些智者寂滅就如燈焰一樣。
--小部 經集 三寶經
78 金座上的寶石—解行並重
法施勝過其他所有的布施,
法味勝過其他所有的體驗,
法喜勝過其他所有的快樂,.
貪愛的止息勝過所有的痛苦。
另譯:了參法師譯《南傳法句經》
諸施法施勝;諸味法味勝;
諸喜法喜勝;除愛勝諸苦。
--法句經 24 愛欲品 第 21 偈(第 354 偈)
第七天
我禮敬所有
過去的佛,
未來的佛,
現在的佛。
自始至終走在學正法的道路上,
晚間開示引用經句 79
從最初始至最終,
我以此方式禮敬佛,
我以此方式禮敬法,
我以此方式禮敬僧。
Buddha-vandanā
Iti’pi so bhagavā,
arahaṃ,
sammā-sambuddho,
vijjā-caraṇa-sampanno,
sugato,
lokavidū,
anuttaro purisa-damma-sārathi,
satthā deva-manussānaṃ,
Buddho Bhagavā’ti.
禮敬佛
他確實是這樣的人:
「已從染污不淨中解脫(世尊),
消滅心的所有煩惱(阿羅漢、應供),
經由自己的努力而完全解脫(正徧知),
在理論及實修上皆圓滿通達(名行足),
已經達到最終的目標(善逝),
了知世間一切(世間解),
無與倫比的教導訓練者(無上士、調御丈夫),
天神及世人的導師(天人師),
佛陀、世尊」。
Dhamma-vandanā
ehi-passiko,
opanayiko,
paccataṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti.
禮敬法
世尊所善妙宣說的法,
學習與奉行便能親身體會,
當下就能得到成果,
請來親自試試看,
它直接指向解脫的目標,
任何有智之人都能親自體證。
Saṅgha-vandanā
禮敬僧
僧伽是世尊的追隨者,他們已良好地修行正法。
僧伽是世尊的追隨者,他們已正直地修行正法。
僧伽是世尊的追隨者,他們已如理地修行正法。
僧伽是世尊的追隨者,他們已正確地修行正法。
他們就是四雙八輩的聖人,那才是世尊的追隨者,僧伽。
他們值得供養、歡迎、布施及禮敬,是世間無上的福田。
--長部 第二 大品 16 大般涅槃經
晚間開示引用經句 81
第八天
Phuṭṭhassa loka-dhammehi,
cittaṃ yassa na kampati,
asokaṃ, virajaṃ, khemaṃ,
etaṃ mangalamuttamaṃ.
--Mahā-Maṅgala Sutta, Sutta Nipāta, II. 4.
面對生活中的起伏,
心志堅定不移,從悲苦、不淨雜染、不安中解脫出來,
這是最大的福祉。
另譯:元亨寺編譯《漢譯南傳大藏經》
觸諸世間法,其心不動搖,
安穩離塵憂,是最上吉祥。
--小部 經集 2 小品 4 大吉祥經或小部 小誦經 5 吉祥經
旃遮在肚子上纏了塊木頭,裝作懷孕的樣子,
跑到群眾當中辱罵佛陀。
世尊以平靜、溫和的方式加以化解以這種德行的殊勝力量,
願你獲得安祥!
--佛勝吉祥偈
82 金座上的寶石—解行並重
第九天
智慧就是能以不同的方式了知事物。
--法集論註
第十天
Atta-dīpā viharatha,
atta-saraṇā, anañña-saraṇā.
Dhamma-dīpā viharatha,
Dhamma -saraṇā, anañña-saraṇā.
--Mahā-Parinibbāna Sutta, Dīgha Nikāya, 16.
建一座自己的島,
讓自己成為自己的皈依處,此外別無皈依處。
讓法成為自己的島,
讓法成為自己的皈依處,此外別無皈依處。
另譯:元亨寺《漢譯南傳大藏經》
以自作洲,自做歸依,勿歸依他人。
以法作洲,以法為歸依而住,勿歸依他人。
--長部 第二 大品 16 大般涅槃經
附錄:巴利唱誦的字義
WORD MEANINGS OF THE PĀLI CHANTING
The word meanings in the following list are provided to give the reader a simple
introductory guide to the vocabulary in the Pāli chanting. This is not a comprehensive
grammar. Please efer to a textbook of Pāli for help with case endings, grammar and
compound word formation.
Namo Tassa [page 1 and repeated page 7]
Namo ....................................................................... Homage
tassa to him
bhagavato (to the) Blessed One
arahato (to the) worthy one
sammāsambuddhassa (to the) fully self-enlightened One
Tisaraṇaṃ Gamanaṃ [page 3 and repeated page 7]
Ti + saraṇa + gamanaṃ…………………… triple + refuge + going (gamanaṃ = going)
Buddhaṃ accusative of Buddha
saraṇaṃ refuge/protection
gacchāmi I go
Dhammaṃ acc. of Dhamma
Saṅghaṃ acc. of Saṅgha
Pañcasīla Five moral precepts [page 3]
Pañca + sīla………………………………. (five + moral precepts)
pāṇātipātā (from) killing living beings
pāṇa + atipāta (living beings + destruction of life, killing)
veramaṇī abstinence
sikkhāpadaṃ rule of (moral) training, precept
samādiyāmi (I) undertake
adinnādānā = adinna + ādāna (from) taking what is not given
(that which is not given + taking/seizing)
kāmesu (in) sexual lust
micchācārā = micchā + cāra (from) misconduct (wrong + behavior)
Musā-vādā = (Musā + vāda) (from) wrong/false speech (false + speech)
Surā spirituous liquor
Meraya fermented liquor
Majja intoxicant
pamādaṭṭhānā (from) causes of heedlessness/intemperate behaviour
83
84 金座上的寶石—解行並重
sabbe all
Buddhā enlightened ones
samasamā equal
mahiddhikā possessing great supernatual powers
dasabalūpetā ......................................................endowed with ten types of strength
= dasa + bala + upetā (ten + strengths + endowed with)
vesārajjehupāgatā attained the 4 subjects of confidence
paṭijānanti know
āsabhaṭṭhānamuttamaṃ a bull’s place i.e. distinguished place
= āsabha + ṭhānaṃ + uttamaṃ (bull + place/position + best)
Sīhanādaṃ = sihā + nādaṃ.............................lion’s roar (lion + roar)
nadante sound
parisāsu in the assemblies
visāradā skilled, confident, wise
brahmacakkaṃ wheel of Dhamma
pavattenti they roll, start
loke in the world
appaṭivattiyaṃ the movement cannot be turned back
Upetā ...................................................................endowed
Buddhadhammehi (with) qualities of a Buddha
aṭṭhārasahi 18 types of (extraordinary qualities)
nāyakā leaders
battiṃsa-lakkhaṇūpetā = battiṃsa endowed with 32 marks (32 + marks
+ lakkhaṇa + upetā + endowed with)
sītānubyañjanādharā having 80 smaller marks
Byāmappabhāya = byāma + pabhāya ..........fathom + halo (with)
suppabhā brightly glowing
muni + kuñjarā (sage + outstanding elephant)
sabbaññuno all knowing, omniscient
khīṇāsavā arahants, who have eradicated all defilements
= khīṇa + āsavā (exhausted + that which flows (mental defilements)
jinā conquerors
Mahāpabhā.........................................................of great radiance
mahātejā of great power
mahāpaññā of great wisdom
mahabbalā of great strength
mahākāruṇikā of great compassion
dhīrā resolute
sabbesānaṃ for all
sukhāvahā bringing happiness
Dīpā .....................................................................shelter, island
nāthā protections, Lords
patiṭṭhā help, resting place, shelter
tāṇā protection
leṇā harbor
pāṇinaṃ. for living beings
gatī sanctuaries/refuges
90 金座上的寶石—解行並重
sukhena happiness
Puratthimasmiṃ................................................in the eastern direction
disābhāge directions
santi there are
bhūtā beings
Dakkhiṇasmiṃ in the southern direction
Pacchimasmiṃ in the western direction
nāgā serpents
Uttarasmiṃ in the northern direction
yakkhā non-human being, demon
Dhataraṭṭho king of the east (name)
Virūḷhako king of the south (name)
Virūpakkho king of the west (name)
Kuvero king of the north (name)
Cattāro.................................................................four
mahārājā great kings
lokapālā = loka + pāla guardians of this world (world + protectors)
yasassino having fame
Ākāsaṭṭhā dwelling in the sky
bhummaṭṭhā dwelling on earth
Iddhimanto mighty/powerful ones
ye those
vasantā living
idha here
sāsane in the teaching/dispensation
Sabbītiyo = sabba + īti ....................................all calamities
vivajjantu (may) go away
soko grief
rogo disease
vinassatu may get destroyed, perish
mā not
bhavatvantarāyo = bhavatu + antarāyo harm befall on (be + harm)
sukhī happy
dīghāyuko long life
Abhivādanasīlassa.............................................the habit of respectful salutation
niccaṃ always
vuḍḍhāpacāyino (vuḍḍhā+ apacāyino) respecting elders (old/aged + those who
respect)
dhammā qualities
vaḍḍhanti increase
āyu age, longevity
vaṇṇo beauty, complexion
sukhaṃ happiness
balaṃ strength
92 金座上的寶石—解行並重
Day 2
Ratana Suttaṃ
Koṭisatasahassesu = Koṭi + sata ................. extremely high figure (crore + hundred
+ sahassa + thousand)
cakkavāḷesu in the world systems
devatā devas
Yassāṇaṃ = yassa + āṇaṃ whose command (whose + command)
paṭigaṇhanti accept
yañca = yaṃ + ca and which (which + and)
vesāliyā in Vesāli (a city)
pure previously
rogāmanussa-dubbhikkhaṃ = roga disease + non-human + famine
+ amanussa + dubbhikkhaṃ
sambhūtaṃ arisen from these
tividhaṃ 3 types
bhayaṃ fear
Khippamantaradhāpesi (Khippaṃ quickly caused to disappear (quickly
+ antaradhāpesi) + caused to disappear)
parittaṃ protective verse
taṃ that
bhaṇāmahe let us recite
Yānīdha = yāni + idha .................................. whatever + here
bhūtāni living beings
samāgatāni are gathered
bhummāni earth bound
vā or, whether
antalikkhe. celestial (the sky)
sabbeva all
bhūtā beings
sumanā happy
bhavantu be
athopi = atho + api and (then also)
sakkacca respectfully, carefully
suṇantu may listen
bhāsitaṃ. these words, that which is spoken
Tasmā .............................................................. therefore
hi indeed
nisāmetha listen
sabbe all
mettaṃ mettā
karotha practice
mānusiyā toward human
pajāya beings
divā day
ca and
ratto night
巴利唱誦字義/第2天-三寶經 93
haranti carry
ye who
baliṃ offering
ne them
rakkhatha protect
appamattā diligently
Yaṃ.....................................................................what, that
kiñci something, whatsoever
vittaṃ wealth
idha here
huraṃ beyond
saggesu heavens (in the)
ratanaṃ gem, jewel
paṇītaṃ. excellent, precious
na not
no no
samaṃ equal to
atthi is
tathāgatena the Buddha
idampi = idaṃ + pi this too (this + also)
etena by (the power of) this
saccena (by this) truth
suvatthi well-being
hotu be (may there be)
Khayaṃ ..............................................................cessation
virāgaṃ detachment
amataṃ deathless state
yadajjhagā = yaṃ + ajjhagā (which + attained)
sakyamunī = sakya + munī Sakyan sage (Sakyan + sage)
samāhito well concentrated
tena this, that
dhammena state
samatthi = sama + atthi equal to + is
dhamme in Dhamma
buddhaseṭṭho = Buddha + seṭṭho....................Buddha + supreme, foremost
parivaṇṇayī praised by
suciṃ purity
samādhimānantarikaññamāhu concentration (that accompanies path consciousness)
= samādhiṃ + ānantarika described by the Buddhas as giving result immediately
+ aññaṃ + āhu (concentration + immediately following + other + which is called)
samo equal
vijjati is
puggalā................................................................individual
aṭṭha eight
sataṃ by the wise
pasatthā praised
cattāri four
94 金座上的寶石—解行並重
etāni those
yugāni pairs
honti are
Te they
dakkhiṇeyyā worthy of offerings
sugatassa of Buddha
sāvakā disciples
etesu to these
dinnāni whatever is offered
mahapphalāni great fruit
saṅghe in the Saṅgha
suppayuttā....................................................... who engage themselves
manasā mind (with)
daḷhena firm
nikkāmino those free from craving
gotamasāsanamhi in the teaching of the Buddha
pattipattā = patti + pattā having attained the goal (to be attained + attained)
vigayha experience
laddhā thus obtained
mudhā without expense, gratis
nibbutiṃ peace
bhuñjamānā enjoying
Yathindakhīlo = yathā + inda + khīlo ........ just as + Indra (highest deva) + pillar
paṭhaviṃ in the earth
sito planted (fixed)
siyā may be
catubbhi from four (directions)
vātehi winds (by)
asampakampiyo cannot be shaken
tathūpamaṃ = tathā + upamaṃ likewise + comparison
sappurisaṃ pure minded person
vadāmi I declare
yo who
ariyasaccāni noble truths
avecca fully
passati realizes
vibhāvayanti ................................................... clearly understand
gambhīrapaññena = gambhīra + paññena deep wisdom (deep + by the one endowed with
wisdom)
sudesitāni well taught
kiñcāpi however much, whatsoever
bhusappamattā = bhusa + pamattā much careless
bhavaṃ birth
aṭṭhamamādiyanti = aṭṭhamaṃ + ādiyanti eighth + take
Sahāvassa ....................................................... simultaneously with
dassana-sampadāya insight-attainment
tayassu three
dhammā things, factors, qualities (in this context, the 3
fetters)
巴利唱誦字義/第2天-三寶經 95
Day 3
Karaṇīyamettā Suttaṃ
Karaṇīya something that should be done
Yassānubhāvato = Yassa + ānubhāvato.... by whose + power, greatness, majesty
yakkhā unseen beings, most are hostile but some are
helpful
neva = na + eva never (not + even)
dassenti show
bhīsanaṃ. dreadful sights (forms)
yañhi that indeed
cevānuyuñjanto = ca + eva and + also + practicing
+ anuyuñjanto
rattindivamatandito = rattiṃ + divaṃ night and day, diligently (in the night
+ atandito + in the day + without drowsiness)
sukhaṃ happily
supati sleeps
sutto slept
ca and
pāpaṃ evil
kiñci anything
na not
passati. to see
evamādi = evaṃ + ādi like this + etc.
guṇūpetaṃ endowed with these good qualities
parittaṃ protection
taṃ that
bhaṇāmahe let us chant
Karaṇīyam-atthakusalena ........................... someone who knows that his welfare depends
= Karaṇīyaṃ + attha + kusalena on this, he is proficient. (something to bedone
+ welfare/advantage + proficient)
yantaṃ = yaṃ + taṃ that which (which + that)
巴利唱誦字義/第3天-慈心應作經 97
santaṃ peaceful
padaṃ state
abhisamecca. would attain
sakko capable
ujū honest, straightforward
suhujū upright
suvaco soft spoken
cassa = ca + assa should also be (and + may be)
mudu gentle
anatimānī humble
Santussako..........................................................contented
subharo live modestly
appakicco having few duties
sallahukavutti. simple livelihood
santindriyo = santa + indriya controlled in senses (peaceful + faculty/senses)
nipako prudent, wise
appagabbho retiring, not aggressive
kulesvananugiddho = kulesu not greedy for supporters (toward families
+ ananugiddho + not greedy)
khuddaṃ samācare...........................................small, inferior + to do, perform
yena by which
viññū the wise
pare later
upavadeyyuṃ. censure
sukhino happy
vā or
khemino secure
hontu be
sabbe all
sattā beings
bhavantu be
sukhitattā = sukhita + attā happy + themselves
Ye .....................................................................who
keci whatever
pāṇabhūtatthi = pāṇabhūta + atthi living beings + there are
tasā movable
thāvarā stationary
vanavasesā = vā + anavasesā excluding none
dīghā long
vā so
ye those, whoever
mahantā great
majjhimā middling
rassakā short
aṇukathūlā = aṇuka +thūla subtle or gross (subtle + gross)
Diṭṭhā...................................................................seen
adiṭṭhā unseen
dūre far
98 金座上的寶石—解行並重
vasanti dwelling
avidūre near
bhūtā born
sambhavesī seeking birth, due to be born
sattā beings
paro………………………………………. one
paraṃ another
nikubbetha (may) deceive
nātimaññetha = na + atimaññetha not despise (not + may despise)
katthaci anywhere
na not
kañci anyone
byārosanā out of anger
paṭighasaññā ill will (anger + gesture/perception)
nāññamaññassa = na + aññamaññassa (not + of one another)
dukkhamiccheyya = dukkhaṃ+ iccheyya wish for suffering (suffering + wish for)
Mātā………………………………………mother
yathā just as
niyaṃ own (one’s)
puttaṃ child
āyusā with one’s life
ekaputtamanurakkhe
= eka + puttaṃ + anurakkhe (only + child + would protect)
evampi = evaṃ + pi even so (so + also)
sabbabhūtesu = sabba + bhūtesu towards all beings (all + toward beings)
mānasaṃ mind
bhāvaye cultivate
aparimāṇaṃ. boundless
Mettañca = mettaṃ + ca……………………goodwill, loving-kindness + and
sabba lokasmiṃ in the entire universe
uddhaṃ above
adho below
tiriyañca and across
asambādhaṃ without obstruction
averamasapattaṃ = averaṃ + asapattaṃ without hatred + without enmity
Tiṭṭhaṃ……………………………………(while) standing
caraṃ walking
nisinno sitting
sayāno ying
yāvatassa as long as
vigatamiddho = vigata + middho one who is awake (free from + drowsiness)
etaṃ this
satiṃ awareness
adhiṭṭheyya practice, fix one’s attention
brahmam-etaṃ sublime/brahmic + this
vihāramidhamāhu = vihāraṃ-idhaṃ-āhu the dwelling + here (in the dispensation of the
Buddha) + they have said
巴利唱誦字義/第4天-佛勝吉祥偈 99
Day 4
Buddha Jayamaṅgala-aṭṭhagāthā
Bāhuṃ.................................................................arm
Sahassamabhinimmita = sahassaṃ creating (a form with) one thousand (arms)
+ abhinimmita (thousand + creating)
sāvudhantaṃ bearing weapons
girimekhalaṃ name of an elephant
uditaghorasasenamāraṃ.= udita + ghora the fierce Māra surrounded by his army
+ sasena + māraṃ (charged/risen + fierce + with army +
māra)
Dānādi-dhammavidhinā by means of virtues such as generosity
= Dāna + ādi + Dhamma + vidhinā (generosity + such as + qualities
+ by means of)
jitavā conqueror
munindo the great sage
taṃ that
tejasā by the power of
bhavatu may be
te yours
jayamaṅgalāni victory and happiness
Mārātirekamabhiyujjhita .................................fought more ardently than Māra
= Māra + atirekaṃ + abhiyujjhita (Māra + more than + fought ardently)
sabbarattiṃ all night
ghorampanālavakaṃakkhamathaddha the intolerant, unyielding demon named Ālavaka
ghoram + pana + ālavakam fierce + but + name of a Yakkha
+ akkhama + thaddha + intolerant + hard
yakkhaṃ non-human being, demon
khantī patience
sudantavidhinā by means of self-control
Nāḷāgiriṃ............................................................name of an elephant
gajavaraṃ = gaja + varaṃ royal/noble elephant (elephant +stately)
atimattabhūtaṃ = ati + matta + bhūtaṃ having become too mad (very + intoxicated
+ having become)
100 金座上的寶石—解行並重
Udāna-gāthā
Yadā ....................................................................when
have surely, indeed
pātubhavanti become manifest
dhammā truths (4 noble)
ātāpino ardently
jhāyato meditating
brāhmaṇassa one of pure life
athassa = atha + assa then his
kaṅkhā doubts
vapayanti disappear
sabbā all
102 金座上的寶石—解行並重
yato because
pajānāti he understands (‘pa’ for pañña, insight, wisdom)
sahetu with reason
khayaṃ destruction
paccayānaṃ of conditions for arising
avedī he experiences
vidhūpayaṃ having scattered
tiṭṭhati he stands
mārasenaṃ army of Māra
sūriyova sun-like
obhāsayamantalikkhaṃ shining in the sky
Aneka……………………………………. countless
jāti birth
saṃsāraṃ faring on (cycle of existence)
sandhāvissaṃ I have run
anibbisaṃ. in vain, not finding
Gahakāraṃ builder of this house
gavesanto seeking
dukkhā suffering
punappunaṃ. again and again
Gahakāraka………………………………. housebuilder
diṭṭhosi you are seen
puna again
gehaṃ house
na not
kāhasi will build
te your
phāsukā beams
bhaggā broken
gahakūṭaṃ ridge pole (central pillar)
visaṅkhitaṃ. shattered
visaṅkhāragataṃ = visaṅkhāra + gataṃ free from conditioning + gone to/arrived at
cittaṃ mind
taṇhānaṃ craving (of)
khayamajjhagā = khayaṃ + ajjhagā end/cessation + reached
Jayo……………………………………… victory
hi yes, indeed
buddhassa of Buddha
sirīmato glorious
ayaṃ this (person)
mārassa of Māra
ca and
pāpimato sinful
parājayo defeat
ugghosayuṃ these were proclaimed
bodhimaṇḍe from the seat of enlightenment
pamoditā rejoicing
jayaṃ victory
巴利唱誦字義/第7天-七覺支護衛經 103
Day – 7
Bojjhaṅgaparitta
Saṃsāre...............................................................cycle of birth and death (in this world)
saṃsarantānaṃ (for those beings) transmigrating
sabbadukkhavināsake = sabba + dukkha eradicating all suffering (all + suffering
+ vināsake + eradicating)
satta + dhamme seven + factors
ca and
bojjhaṅge factors of enlightenment
mārasenappamaddane = māra +sena defeating the army of Māra (māra + army
+ pamaddane + defeating)
Bujjhitvā .............................................................realizing
ye cime = ye + ca + ime which + and + these
sattā beings
tibhavā 3 types of existence (kāma, rūpa, arūpa)
muttakuttamā = muttaka + uttamā liberated + excellent ones
ajātiṃ free from birth
ajarābyādhiṃ = ajāra + byādhiṃ free from decay/old age + sickness
amataṃ deathless
nibbhayaṃ fearlessness
gatā gone (experienced the stage)
Evamādi = Evaṃ + ādi ....................................like these + etc.
guṇūpetaṃ = guṇa + upetaṃ endowed with such advantages (merit + endowed)
anekaguṇasaṅgahaṃ. = aneka + guṇa innumerable + merit/benefit + collection
+ saṅgahaṃ.
osadhañca medicine
imaṃ this
mantaṃ words, incantation
bhaṇāmahe let us recite
sati + saṅkhāto ...................................................awareness + so called/namely
dhammānaṃ-vicayo analytical investigation of Dhamma
tathā likewise
vīriyaṃ effort
pīti joy
passaddhi tranquillity
pare after, others, the rest
Samādhupekkhā = samādhi + upekkhā .......concentration + equanimity
sattete = satta + ete these seven (seven + these)
sabbadassinā by the all-seeing
muninā sage
104 金座上的寶石—解行並重
Day – 8
Mittānisaṃsa
Pūrento ................................................................while fulfilling
bodhisambhāre necessary conditions for enlightenment
nātho the lord
Temiya name of the prince
jātiyaṃ. in his birth
mittānisaṃsaṃ (= mitta + ānisaṃsaṃ) friend(ship) + advantage, reward, merit
yaṃ which
āha spoke
sunanda name of charioteer
nāma named
sārathiṃ. charioteer
sabbalokahitatthāya = Sabba + loka + hita for the benefit of all the world (all + world + benefit
+ atthāya + for the purpose)
parittaṃ protective verse
taṃ that
bhaṇāmahe let us recite
Pahūtabhakkho..................................................a person well-feasted
bhavati is
vippavuttho out of, absent from
sakā one’s own
gharā (from) house
bahūnaṃ many
upajīvanti depend upon him
yo whosoever
mittānaṃ friends
na not
dūbhati (var. of dubbhati) betray, deceive
Yaṃyaṃ.............................................................whichever (which + that/which)
janapadaṃ land, province
yāti he goes
nigame small town
rājadhāniyo or royal city
sabbattha everywhere
pūjito honored
hoti is
Nāssa = Na + assa.............................................not + him
corā thieves
pasahanti overpower
nātimaññeti = na + atimaññeti not despised (do not + despise)
khattiyo a warrior, prince, ruler
sabbe all
amitte enemies
tarati overcomes, crosses
Akuddho.............................................................not angry
sagharaṃ = sa + gharaṃ to his house (own + house)
106 金座上的寶石—解行並重
Day – 9
Maṅgala Suttaṃ
Yaṃ.....................................................................which
maṅgalaṃ blessing, auspiciousness, prosperity
dvādasahi for twelve (years)
cintayiṃsu thought over
sadevakā along with the devās
sotthānaṃ blessings, prosperity
nādhigacchanti = na + adhigacchanti not get at (do not + arrive at)
aṭṭhatiṃsañca thirty-eight
Desitaṃ...............................................................taught
devadevena highest celestial being
sabbapāpavināsanaṃ = sabba + pāpa will destroy all evil (all + evil
+ vināsanaṃ + destruction)
sabbaloka-hitatthāya = sabba + loka + hita for the benefit of all the world (all + world + benefit
+ atthāya + for the purpose)
taṃ that
bhaṇāmahe let us recite
Evaṃ ...................................................................thus
me by me
sutaṃ has been heard
ekaṃ one, certain
samayaṃ time, occasion
bhagavā the exalted one
sāvatthiyaṃ in Sāvatthi (a city)
viharati dwelling
jetavane in Jetavana (Jeta’s grove)
anāthapiṇḍikassa of Anāthapiṇḍika (a lay disciple of the Buddha)
ārāme monastery
atha then
kho indeed
aññatarā someone, a certain
devatā (fem.) deity (female)
abhikkantāya advanced
rattiyā night
abhikkantavaṇṇā = abhikkanta + vaṇṇā of beautiful complexion (surpassing + beauty)
kevalakappaṃ the whole of it
jetavanaṃ the Jeta grove
obhāsetvā illuminating
yena where
tenupasaṅkami = tena + upasaṅkami there + went/approached
upasaṅkamitvā having gone there
bhagavantaṃ the exalted one
abhivādetvā saluting
ekamantaṃ one side
aṭṭhāsi stood
108 金座上的寶石—解行並重
ṭhitā standing
sā she
gāthāya in verse
ajjhabhāsi addressed, spoke out
Bahū………………………………………many
devā gods
manussā men
ca also, too
maṅgalāni blessings, welfare, good
acintayuṃ thought over
ākaṅkhamānā wishing for
brūhi you tell
maṅgalamuttamaṃ = maṅgalaṃ highest welfare (welfare + highest, best)
+ uttamaṃ
Asevanā………………………………….. avoidance, no association with
bālānaṃ fools (of)
paṇḍitānaṃ wise ones
sevanā associate with
pūjā honor
pūjanīyānaṃ who should be honored
Patirūpa + desavāso………………………. suitable, proper + region, country
pubbe past
katapuññatā = kata + puññatā merit of past good deeds (done + good deeds)
atta-sammāpaṇidhi = atta + sammā + paṇidhi self + right + aspiration
Bāhusaccañca = Bāhu + saccaṃ + ca great learning (great + truth + and)
sippaṃ skill
vinayo discipline
susikkhito well-mastered
subhāsitā = su + bhāsitā well-spoken (well + spoken)
yā those
vācā words, speech
Mātā-pitu………………………………… mother-father
upaṭṭhānaṃ serving
puttadārassa children and spouse
saṅgaho caring, tending
anākulā = an + ākulā simple(not + entangled, twisted)
kammantā occupation
Dānaṃ + ca………………………………. generosity + and
dhammacariyā life of dhamma
ñātakānaṃ relatives
anavajjāni blameless
kammāni deeds
Āratī……………………………………… abstinence
viratī shunning
pāpā evil
majjapānā consuming liquor and intoxicants
saṃyamo refraining
appamādo vigilance, carefulness
巴利唱誦字義/第10天-慈心觀 109
dhammesu in Dhamma
Gāravo…………………………………….. respectfulness
nivāto humility
santuṭṭhi contentment
kataññutā gratefulness
kālena proper time
dhammassavanaṃ hearing the Dhamma
Khantī……………………………………… for bearance, tolerance
sovacassatā amenability to instruction, surrender, obedience
samaṇānaṃ saintly people
dassanaṃ visiting, beholding
dhammasākacchā discussions about Dhamma
Tapo……………………………………….. ardent practice
brahmacariyaṃ holy life, abstinence
ariyasaccāna-dassanaṃ = ariya + saccānaṃ witnessing the noble truths (noble + of truths
+ dassanaṃ + witnessing)
nibbānasacchikiriyā = nibbāna experiencing nibbāna (nibbāna
+ sacchikiriyā + experience)
Phuṭṭhassa………………………………….. facing, confronted with, coming in contact with
lokadhammehi = loka + dhammehi dhammas of the world (world + by dhammas/
conditions)
cittaṃ mind
yassa whose
na not
kampati trembles, shakes
asokaṃ free from sorrow
virajaṃ free from defilements
khemaṃ secure
Etādisāni…………………………………… this way
katvāna having acted
sabbatthamaparājitā = sabbathaṃ + aparājitā everywhere + undefeated
sabbatthasotthiṃ = sabbattha + sotthiṃ everywhere + in safety
gacchanti they go
Day – 10
Mettā-bhāvanā
Ahaṃ I
avero free from animosity
homi may I be
abyāpajjho free from aversion
Anīgho = an + īgha undisturbed (not + trembling, disturbed)
sukhī happy
attānaṃ myself
pariharāmi to take care of, protect, shelter
Mātā-pitu-ācariya-ñāti-samūhā……………… mother - father - teacher - relatives - multitude
(mass, aggregation)
hontu may they be
110 金座上的寶石—解行並重
visesato especially
Puññabhāgamidaṃ = Puñña ...................... merit + portion + this
+ bhāgaṃ + idaṃ
c’aññaṃ = ca + aññaṃ and before (and + other)
samaṃ equally
dadāma give
kāritaṃ I have done
anumodantu accept with joy
medinī the earth
ṭhātu stay, remain, stand
sakkhike witness
Pāli from the Discourses
Many passages from the discourses are taken from the suttas in the morning chanting. Sutta
references are given in the chapter ‘Pāli Passages Quoted in the Discourses’. Please refer to the
appropriate sutta section for the word meanings of these verses. See also page 110, ‘Pāli from
Adhiṭṭhāna ending chanting’ for those verses that also occur in the Pāli from the discourses .
[page 77]
Tumhehi.......................................................... by you
kiccaṃ work
ātappaṃ exertion
akkhātāro expounders, preachers
tathāgatā Enlightened Ones
Niccaṃ always
kāyagatā-sati awareness related to the body
= kāyagatā + sati (relating to the body + awareness)
Mano................................................................ mind
pubbaṅgamā forerunner, precursor
dhammā (all) phenomena
mano-seṭṭhā mind is chief
mano-mayā mind-made
manasā (with) mind
ce if
paduṭṭhena (with) bad/impure
bhāsati speaks
巴利唱誦字義/開示 113
vā or
karoti does, acts
tato then, thence
naṃ him/her
dukkhamanveti = dukkhaṃ + anveti suffering follows (suffering + follows)
cakkaṃ’va = cakkaṃ + va like a cartwheel (wheel + like)
vahato draught animal, carrier
padaṃ foot
pasannena ...........................................................(with) good/pure
sukhamanveti = sukhaṃ + anveti happiness follows (happiness + follows)
chāyā’va = chāyā + va like a shadow (shadow + like)
anapāyinī = an + apāyinī constantly following (not + going away)
[page 78]
Jāti .....................................................................birth
pi also (emphatic particle)
dukkhā suffering
jarā decay/old age
vyādhi sickness
maraṇaṃ death
dukkhaṃ suffering
appiyehi (with) unpleasant
sampayogo association
dukkho suffering
piyehi (from) pleasant
vippayogo dissociation/separation
yam’p’icchaṃ = yaṃ + pi +icchaṃ what one wants/desires (that + also + desired
thing)
na not
labhati to get, gets
tam’pi = taṃ + pi is also (that + also)
saṅkhittena in short, concisely
pañc’upādānakkhandhā attachment to the five aggregates
= pañca + upādāna + khandhā (five + clinging/ attachment + aggregates)
[page 79]
Sabbadānaṃ.......................................................all gifts
dhammadānaṃ the gift of dhamma
jināti overpowers, excels
sabbarasaṃ all flavors
dhammaraso the flavor/taste of dhamma
sabbaratiṃ all delights
dhammarati delight in dhamma
taṇhakkhayo destruction of craving
sabbadukkhaṃ all suffering
114 金座上的寶石—解行並重
[page 81]
Pakārena.......................................................... (by) different ways
jānāti knows
(i)ti quotation marker
paññā wisdom
[page 82]
Atta-dīpā = atta + dīpa .................................. island of oneself (oneself + island)
viharatha dwell
atta-saraṇā refuge in oneself
anaññasaraṇā = an + añña + saraṇā no other refuge (no + other + refuge)
dhamma-dīpā island of Dhamma
dhamma-saraṇā refuge of Dhamma
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115
金座上的寶石-解行並重
THE GEM SET IN GOLD
原 書 名:THE GEM SET IN GOLD
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