Year-2023-24

Physics Investigatory Project

Astronomical Telescope

Submitted To: - ________________________

Submitted by: -_________________________

 Astronomical
Telescope

Name: -__________________
Father’s Name: -___________
School: -__________________
 Index
1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. What is an Astronomical telescope
4. Parts Required
5. Working Principle of an Astronomical
Telescope
6. Uses
7. Future Aspects
8. Bibliography
 Certificate

This is to certify that ___________________

Student of class XII “Maths” has completed
his _________________Project during
academic year 2023-2024 towards partial
fulfilment of credit for the Physic practical
Evalution of CBSE board 2024, and submitted
satisfactory report, as complied in the
following pages, under my supervision.
Acknowledgements
The completion of any project is not
complete without thanking the people
behind the venture & this project is no
exception. I take this opportunity to express
my profound gratitude and deep regards to
my Physics teacher __________________ his
exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant
encouragement throughout the course of this
thesis. The blessing, help and guidance given
by his time to time shall carry me a long way
in the journey of life on which I am about to
embark.

Parts Required
Two Convex Lenses are required:
 Objective Lens: This lens is fitted at the
front side of the telescope. It should have
a large aperture (diameter) and a large
focal length.

 Eyepiece: This lens is fitted at the back
side of the telescope. It should have a
 smaller aperture (diameter) and focal
length as compared to the objective
length.

Working Principal of
an Astronomical
Telescope
As this telescope uses as an
objective, it is called a refracting
telescope or refractor.

The objective ins form a real, reduced image I of the

object This image is the object for the eyepiece lens,
which formed an enlarged, virtual image of I. Objects
that are viewed with a telescope are usually so far
away from the instrument that the first image I is
formed very nearly at the second focal point of the
objective lens. If the final age I formed by the
eyepiece is at infinity (for most comfortable viewing
by a normal eye), the first image must also be at the
first focal point of the eyepiece. The distance
between objective and eyepiece, which is the length
of the telescope, is therefore the sum of the focal
lengths of objective and eyepiece, f1+f2.
The angular magnification M of a telescope is
defined as the ratio of the angle subtended at the
eye by the final image I to the angle subtended at the
eye by the object. We can express this ratio in terms
of the focal lengths of objective and eyepiece. The
object (not shown) Subtends angle eat the objective
and would subtend essentially the same angle at the
eye. Also, since the observer's eye is placed just to
the right of the focal point F₂, the angle subtended
the eye by the final image is very nearly equal to the
angle θ. As bd is parallel to the optic axis, the
distance ab and cd are equal to each other and also
to the height y of the real image I. because the angles
θ and θ’ are small, they may be approximated by
tangents.
From the right triangles f1ab and f2cd,
 Θ= -y’/f1
Θ’=y’/f2
And the angular magnification M is
M= θ’/ θ=y’/f1/-y/f2=-f1/f2
The angular magnification M of a telescope is equal
to the ratio of the focal length of the objective to
that of the eyepiece. The negative sign shoes that the
final image is inverted. This equation shows that to
achieve good angular magnification, a telescope
should have a long objective focal length f1.
Uses
 Astronomical telescope is being used worldwide
for scientific as well as educational purposes.

 The refracting telescope design was originally

used in spy glasses.

 It is also used in long focus camera lenses.

 With the addition of another convex lens

(inverting lens) at an appropriate position, this
telescope can be modified into a terrestrial
telescope.
Modified Models
& Designs
 Galileo's Telescope

 Keplerian Telescope

 Achromatic Refractor

  Apochromatic
Refractor
Bibliography

1.Physics (Part-1)-Textbook for ClassXII; National

Council of Education Research and training
2.https://www.wikipedia.org/
3.Sears and Zamansky's University Physics by Hugh D.
Young and Roger A. Freedman.