KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SHAHDARA

CLASS VIII

SUBJECT- SCIENCE

CHAPTER -7
CONSERVATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS

PREPARED BY:
SHASHI BALA
TGT (BIOLOGY)
 DEFORESTATION
The clearing of forests and using the land for other
purposes is called deforestation.
The causes for deforestation are
1. Procuring land for cultivation.
2. Building houses and factories.
3. Using wood as fuel or making furniture etc.
The natural causes of deforestation are forest fires and
drought.
 CONSEQUENCES OF DEFORESTATION
The consequences of deforestation are

i) Increase in the temperature and pollution level on the

earth.
ii) Increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere leading to global warming.
iii) Lowering of ground water level.
iv) Disturbs the balance in nature.
v) Decrease in rainfall leading to drought.
vi) Soil erosion and decrease in soil fertility leading to
desertification.
vii)Decrease in the water holding capacity of soil leading to
floods.
 DROUGHT
Fewer trees would mean that less carbon dioxide will
be used up resulting in its increased amount in the
atmosphere. This will lead to global warming as CO2
traps the heat rays reflected by the earth. The
increase in temperature on the earth disturbs the
water cycle and may reduce rainfall. This could
cause droughts.
 DESERTIFICATION
Removal of top layer of soil exposes the hard and
rocky lower layers, which have very less humus and
air. As they are less fertile, soil becomes like desert.
It is termed as desertification.
CONSERVATION OF FOREST AND WILDLIFE
Forest and wildlife can be conserved by setting up areas like
Biosphere reserves Wildlife sanctuaries, National parks, etc.
i) Biosphere reserves are large areas of protected land for conservation
of biodiversity and the traditional life of the tribals living there.

i) National parks are areas reserved for wildlife where they can freely use
the habitats and natural resources.

i) Wildlife sanctuaries are areas where animals are protected from any
disturbance to them or their habitat.
 BIOSPHERE RESERVE
i)Biosphere reserves are large areas of protected land for
conservation of biodiversity and the traditional life of the tribals living
there.
ii)Biodiversity is the variety of plants, animals and microorganisms
found in the area.
The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve consists of a National park called
Satpura and two wildlife sanctuaries called Bori and Pachmarhi.
 FLORA AND FAUNA
i) Flora are the plants found in a particular area.
Eg:- The flora of Pachmarhi consists of sal, teak, wild mango,
jamun, silver ferns etc.
ii) Fauna are the animals found in a particular area.
The fauna of Pachmarhi consists of wild dog, cheetal, wolf,
leopard, blue bull, barking deer etc.
 ENDEMIC SPECIES
Endemic species are those species of plants and animals
found only in a particular area and not found anywhere else.
Eg: Sal and wild mango are the endemic flora of
Pachmarhi. Bison, Indian giant squirrel and flying squirrel
are the endemic fauna of this area.
 WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
Wildlife sanctuaries are areas where animals are
protected from any disturbance to them or their habitat.
The killing or capturing of animals in wildlife sanctuary is
strictly prohibited.
 NATIONAL PARK
National parks are areas reserved for wildlife
where they can freely use the habitats and
natural resources.
Eg:- Satpura National Park is the first Reserve
Forest in India.
 PROJECT TIGER
Project Tiger was launched on 1st April 1973 by the government of
India. The projects aims at ensuring a viable population of Bengal
tiger in their natural habitats and also to protect then from
extinction and preserving areas of biological importance as a
natural heritage forever represented as close as possible the
diversity of ecosystems across the tiger's distribution in the
country. The project's task force visualized these tiger reserves
as breeding nuclei, from which surplus animals would migrate to
adjacent forests.
 RED DATA BOOK
The
• book provides a central information source in
organising studies and monitoring programs on rare
and endangered species and their habitats. It is
regularly consulted when developing and implementing
special measures for the protection and rehabilitation
of such species.
 ENDANGERED ANIMALS
Endangered animals are those animals whose numbers are
diminishing and might face extinction.
Eg:- Tiger is one of the many animals which are slowly diminishing.
To protect the tigers in our country the government launched the
Project Tiger to ensure the survival of tiger population.
Dinosaurs have already become extinct.
Red Data Books are books which keeps a record of all endangered
plants and animals.
 Ecosystem
An ecosystem consists of all the plants, animals and
microorganisms living in an area along with the non living
components like climate, water, soil, river deltas etc.
 MIGRATION
Migration is the movement of animals from its own
habitat to some other habitat for a particular time
period every year due to climatic changes or for
breeding.
Birds which fly very long distances to reach
another land are called migratory birds.
 RECYCLING OF PAPER
ABOUT SEVENTEEN FULL GROWN TREES ARE
REQUIRED TO PRODUCE ONE TONNE OF PAPER.
PAPER CAN BE RECYCLED ABOUT FIVE TO SEVEN
TIMES FOR USE. WE SHOULD SAVE, REUSE AND
RECYCLE PAPER TO SAVE NOT ONLY TREES BUT
ALSO TO SAVE THE ENERGY, WATER AND
CHEMICALS USED TO MAKE PAPER.
 REFORESTATION
Reforestation is the restocking of destroyed
forests by planting new trees.
We should plant at least as many trees as we
cut. We have already caused a lot of damage
to our forests. If we have to regain our green
wealth, reforestation is the only option.
 WORKSHEET
Q.1 Name any two national parks.
Q.2 Define
a. Endangered Species b. Endemic species
c. Desertification

Q.3 Differentiate between the following.

(a) Wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserve
(b) Zoo and wildlife sanctuary
(c) Endangered and extinct species
(d) Flora and fauna
Q.4 Answer in brief.
(a) Why should we conserve biodiversity?
(b) Protected forests are also not completely safe for wild
animals. Why?
(c) Some tribals depend on the jungle. How?
(d) What are the causes and consequences of deforestation?
(e) What is Red Data Book?
(f) What do you understand by the term migration?
Q.5 What are the aims of the 'Forest Conservation Act' in India?
Q.6 What is ‘Project Tiger? What was the objective of this project?
Q.7 Why should paper be saved? Prepare a list of ways by which you
can save paper
THANK YOU