Tutorial Sheets

HVDC & FACTS

UNIT-1: Basic Concepts and Analysis of HVDC Converters
1) Write the comparison between A.C and D.C systems
2) Explain different types of HVDC links.
3) Explain about various components of HVDC system.
4) Explain about choice of converter configuration in detail.
5) Draw the schematic circuit diagram of a 6- pulse Graetz’s circuit and explain its
principle of rectifier and inverter operation.
6) Explain the working of 12 pulse converter in detail.
7) Numerical problems.
UNIT-2: Reactive Power Control in HVDC and System Control
1) Explain the desirable control features of HVDC converter.
2) Explain the converter control characteristics with a neat diagram.
3) Explain about the following control methods:
(a) Linear firing scheme (b) Inverse cosine firing scheme
(c) Pulse frequency control (d) Pulse phase control.
4) Explain about starting and stopping of D.C link bridge converter.
5) Explain about the various sources of reactive power:
(a) Shunt capacitor
(b) Synchronous condenser
(c) Static VAR compensator (SVC/STATCOM)
UNIT-3: Converter Faults, Harmonics & Introduction to FACTS
1) List out various faults occur in converter and Explain.
2) Explain the operation of D.C Circuit breaker.
3) Explain the main reasons for generation of harmonics and problems
associated with injection of characteristic and non-characteristic harmonics.
4) Explain the effect of pulse number on harmonics.
FACTS
5) Explain the need of transmission interconnection.

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6) Explain about the power flow and dynamic stability considerations.
7) Explain the importance of controllable parameters.
8) Explain the basic types of FACTS controllers.
9) What are the benefits of using FACTS devices?
UNIT-4: Voltage source and Current source converters and Shunt Compensators
1) With a neat circuit diagram, explain the basic operation of a voltage
sourced converter.

2) What are the effects of harmonics? Prove that the fundamental RMS
component of a square wave A.C voltage for a single-phase bridge
converter is 0.9 times the D.C voltage.
 3) What are the merits and demerits of voltage source converter with
compared to current source converter? What type of converters is mainly
employed in FACTS controllers?

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4) With a neat schematic diagram, explain the operation of single-phase full
bridge converter.

5) Explain the operation of three phase full wave bridge converter with
circuit diagram and waveforms.

6) a) Discuss the basic concept of current source converter with circuit

diagrams.
b) Derive the expressions for fundamental and harmonic voltages of a
three phase bridge converter.
Shunt compensation
7) Explain the objective of reactive shunt compensation in transmission lines.

8) With phasor diagrams and power-angle characteristics, explain a two

machine power system with ideal midpoint reactive compensation.

9) Discuss how to improve the transient stability by using shunt compensation.

10) Explain the power oscillation damping with shunt compensation.

11) Explain the operation of Thyristor-Controlled Reactor (TCR) with necessary

Waveforms.

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12) Explain the thyristor controlled and thyristor switched reactor(TCR-TSR)
type VAr generator with circuit and waveforms.

UNIT-5: Series Compensators and Combined Controllers

1) What are main objectives of series compensation?
2) Explain the basic concept of series capacitive compensation. List out the
various types of variable impedance series compensators
3) Explain the voltage stability enhancement with series capacitive compensation.
4) Explain the power oscillation damping with series capacitive compensation.
5) Discuss the improvement of transient stability with series capacitive compensation.
6) Explain the sub synchronous oscillation damping with static series compensation.
7) Discuss the operation of GTO thyristor-controlled series capacitor(GCSC).
8) With the help of circuit diagram and waveforms, discuss the application
of TSSC for series compensation. Also represent their V-I characteristics.

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9) What is the use of Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)? With a
neat circuit diagram and waveforms explain its operation.

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10) What is UPFC? Explain its principle of operation. Discuss control
schemes for UPFC.