MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD TECHNICAL

EDUCATION, MUMBAI.
Micro Project Report
ON
. Comprative Study Of Hybrid Vehicles And Conventional Vehicles
Guided By
PROF: M.S Pathan

Submitted by
HANZALA ALI
MD DILSHAD
MD KAIF ANWAR
FASHIUR RAHAMAN
AHMAD ANEES AHMAD

Department of Mechanical Engineering

JAMIA POLYTECHNIC
AKKALKUWA DIST.NANDURBAR
Akkalkuwa(425415)
[2023-24]
 ANNEXURE 2

EVALUATION SHEET FOR THE MICROPROJECT

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023-24 NAME OF FACULTY: MS PATHAN

COURSE: PER COURSE CODE: 22566

SEMESTER: 5TH DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL ENGG

TITTLE OF PROJECT: Comprative Study Of Hybrid Vehicles And Conventional

Vehicles .

CO’S ADDRESSED BY THE MICROPROJECT:

1. Ability analyze the viability of Hybrid Vehicle And Conventional Vehicle.

2. maintenance of Hybrid Vehicle And Conventional Vehicle

Roll Student Name Marks Out Marks Out Of Total Out Of

No. Of 6 4 10

(Name & Signature of faculty)

 Jamia Polytechnic Akkalkuwa

CERTIFICATE
This Is To Certify That Mr._______________________Of Branch
_______________________________Enrolment No._______________
Has Completed His Micro Project Enitled________________________
_________________Of Subject ________________as per Requirment
Of(__________Semester) MSBTE I- Scheme Curriculum Under The
Guidence Of __________________________ Satisfactorily During
Academic Year 2023-24.

Micro project Guide Head Of Dept Principal

 Jamia Polytechnic Akkalkuwa
Title Of Micro-Project:-
Comprative Study Of Hybrid Vehicles And Conventional Vehicles .

1.0 Brief Introduction

The automotive industry is undergoing a significant transformation
driven by environmental concerns, energy efficiency, and technological
advancements. As a result, there has been a growing interest in hybrid
vehicles as an alternative to conventional gasoline and diesel-powered
vehicles.
This comparative study aims to provide insights into the differences and
similarities between hybrid vehicles and conventional vehicles,
considering various aspects such as environmental impact, fuel
efficiency, technology, and overall performance.
Conventional vehicles, powered solely by internal combustion engines
(ICE), have been the primary mode of personal transportation for over a
century. They rely on gasoline or diesel fuel, converting chemical
energy into mechanical power through combustion.
Hybrid vehicles combine traditional ICE technology with electric
propulsion systems, offering improved fuel efficiency and reduced
emissions compared to their conventional counterparts. .

2.0 Aims Of Micro Project

To Study In Details Hybrid Vehicles And Conventional Vehicles.
3.0 Course Outcomes Integreted
Here are some specific course outcomes that can be integrated into a
project on the Comparative Study of Hybrid Vehicles and Conventional
Vehicles.
 Gain a comprehensive understanding of the technical components
and working principles of hybrid vehicles and conventional
vehicles.
 Develop the ability to assess and quantify the environmental
impact of both vehicle types, including emissions, energy
consumption, and their contribution to sustainability.
 Learn to perform a cost-benefit analysis, considering factors such
as purchase price, operating costs, and potential savings over the
lifetime of the vehicle.
 Develop critical thinking skills by comparing and contrasting the
strengths and weaknesses.

4.0 Actual Procedure Followed.

The actual procedure followed for a comparative study of hybrid
vehicles and conventional vehicles can vary depending on the scope of
the project, available resources, and research methodologies. However,
I'll outline a general procedure that can be adapted to such a project:
Clearly define the goals and objectives of the study. What specific
aspects of hybrid and conventional vehicles will you compare? Are you
focusing on environmental impact, fuel efficiency, cost, technology, or
other factors?.
 Micro Project Report ON
Comprative Study Of Hybrid Vehicles And Conventional Vehicles

Introduction:-

 Hybrid vehicles
Hybrid vehicles are designed to address some of the environmental and
efficiency issues associated with conventional vehicles by combining
both internal combustion engines and electric motors. Here are some key
characteristics of hybrid vehicles:
Hybrid vehicles are called hybrids because they use both a small internal
combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor to obtain maximum
power and fuel economy with minimum emissions. How they do this
varies from one model to another, with varying success.
Hybrids have regenerative braking systems that generate electric power
to help keep the batteries charged. When the driver applies the brakes,
the electric motor turns into a generator, and the magnetic drag slows the
vehicle down.
For safety, however, there is also a normal hydraulic braking system
that can stop the car when regenerative braking isn’t sufficient. There’s
no difference in maintenance or repair except that the brake pads tend to
last much longer because they don’t get used as much. In fact, if you
drive a hybrid in a moderate manner, you almost never actually use the
disc brakes on the wheels and may be able to go the life of the car
without changing pads.
The big difference is that regenerative brakes capture energy and turn it
into electricity to charge the battery that provides power to an electric
motor.

 Specification
Powertrain Configuration:

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE): Typically a gasoline or diesel

engine, but some hybrids use alternative fuels like natural gas.

Electric Motor: Provides additional power and assists the ICE.

Battery Pack: Stores electrical energy for the electric motor.

Transmission: A specialized transmission system manages

power flow between the engine, motor, and wheels.

Operation Modes:
Electric Mode: The vehicle can operate solely on electric power for
short distances, reducing emissions and fuel consumption.
Hybrid Mode: Both the engine and electric motor work together to
optimize fuel efficiency and power delivery.
Regenerative Braking: When braking or coasting, the electric motor
acts as a generator, converting kinetic energy into electrical energy
to recharge the battery.

Battery:
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) or Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries are
commonly used.
Battery capacity (measured in kWh) affects the electric-only range
and overall efficiency of the hybrid.
Types Of Hybrid Vehicle
Full Hybrid (HEV - Hybrid Electric Vehicle)

Mild Hybrid (MHEV - Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle)

Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV - Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)

Series Hybrid (Range Extender Hybrid)

Parallel Hybrid:

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid:

Advantages Of Hybrid Vehicles

Improved Fuel Efficiency

Reduced Emissions

Regenerative Braking

Enhanced City Driving

Usages Of Hybrid Vehicles

Daily Commuting
City Driving
Eco-Friendly Transportation
Taxi and Ride-Sharing Services
Family Transportation:
  Conventional Vehicles
Conventional vehicles, often referred to as internal combustion engine
(ICE) vehicles, represent the traditional and most common form of
automobiles on the road today. They have been the predominant mode
of transportation for over a century.
These vehicles rely primarily on internal combustion engines fueled by
gasoline or diesel to generate the mechanical energy needed for
propulsion. Here are some key aspects and features of conventional
vehicles.

Power Source In Conventional Vehicles:

Conventional vehicles are powered by internal combustion engines that
burn fossil fuels, such as gasoline or diesel, within the engine's
cylinders. This controlled combustion produces mechanical energy,
which is then transmitted to the wheels through a transmission system.
Fueling Infrastructure:
Gasoline and diesel fuels are readily available at gas stations worldwide,
making it convenient for conventional vehicle owners to refuel their
vehicles
Conventional vehicles, often referred to as traditional or internal
combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, are the most common type of
vehicles on the road today.
They are powered solely by internal combustion engines that burn fossil
fuels, such as gasoline or diesel, to generate mechanical power. Here's
more information about conventional vehicles:
Conventional vehicles are equipped with one or more internal
combustion engines, which can run on gasoline, diesel, or alternative
fuels like natural gas. These engines convert chemical energy from fuel
into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle.

 Specification

Engine Type:
Conventional vehicles are typically equipped with internal
engines (ICE) that run on gasoline, diesel, or alternative
fuels like natural gas. The engine type can vary based on the
vehicle's make and model.

Horsepower (HP) and Torque:

Horsepower measures the engine's power output, while
torque represents its rotational force.
The specific horsepower and torque figures can vary
significantly between vehicles, affecting performance.
Transmission Type:
Conventional vehicles can have either automatic or manual
transmissions, with automatic transmissions being more common for
ease of use, especially in urban driving.
Fuel Efficiency (MPG or MPGe):
Fuel efficiency is a critical specification and is often measured in miles
per gallon (MPG) for gasoline or diesel vehicles and miles per gallon
equivalent (MPGe) for electric vehicles.
Emissions Rating:
Conventional vehicles are rated for emissions compliance, indicating
their environmental impact.
Emissions standards vary by region and are typically regulated by
government agencies.
Types Of Conventional Vehicle
 Recreational vehicles (RVs)
 Commercial vehicles
 Livery vehicles
 Park model recreational vehicles
 Fleet vehicles

Advantages Of Conventional Vehicle

 They are easy to use and fuel.

 They have a driving range that makes them practical for long-haul
road trips.
 They require less maintenance and have a lower risk of
breakdowns compared to diesel-powered cars.
 They usually have less complex systems, making them easier and
cheaper to repair.

Usage Of Conventional Vehicle

 Conventional vehicles are used to carry people from place to place.

They include cars, buses, and trucks.
 Conventional vehicles are different from electric vehicles (EVs).
EVs use electricity and motors instead of gas and engines. EVs
don't need fuel injectors or regular oil changes.
 Conventional vehicles are powered by an internal combustion
engine (ICE) that runs on fossil fuels like gasoline or diesel. The
engine powers the wheels, and electricity is used for some
accessories.
Differences:
Parameters Hybrid Vehicles
Power Source Hybrids have both an
internal combustion engine
(usually gasoline) and an
electric motor. These two
power sources can work
together or independently.
Fuel Efficiency Hybrids are known for their
improved fuel efficiency
compared to conventional
vehicles. The electric motor
assists the engine, reducing
fuel consumption.
Emissions Hybrids generally produce
fewer emissions than
conventional vehicles
because they can run on
electricity, which is cleaner
than gasoline.
Regenerative Hybrids often feature
Braking regenerative braking, which
captures and stores energy
during braking to recharge
the battery.
Price Hybrids tend to be more
expensive upfront due to
their dual powertrain
systems and advanced
technology.
Conventional Vehicles
Conventional vehicles rely
solely on an internal
combustion engine, which is
typically powered by gasoline
or diesel fuel.
Conventional vehicles are
generally less fuel-efficient
than hybrids because they
don't have an electric motor
to assist with propulsion.
Conventional vehicles
typically produce higher
emissions compared to
hybrids due to the reliance on
fossil fuels.
Conventional vehicles do not
have regenerative braking
systems, so they do not
capture and store energy
during braking.
Conventional vehicles are
often less expensive upfront
compared to hybrids because
they have a simpler
powertrain.
Conculsion
In conclusion, the comparative study of hybrid vehicles and
conventional vehicles has provided valuable insights into the strengths
and weaknesses of each type of vehicle.
This project aimed to analyze various aspects of both vehicle categories,
including their power sources, fuel efficiency, emissions, braking
systems, and pricing.
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