஫னித உரிம஫கள்

஫னித உரிம஫கள்

khDlf; FLk;gj;jpy;> xt;nthU kdpj capUk; gpd;gw;WtjhFk;. MfNt> mth;fSila

rkkhd cWg;gpdh; vd;gij epWTk;gbahd ntt;NtWgl;l fyhr;rhuq;fs; kw;Wk; kuGfs;>
kjpg;Gah;e;j khDl ,Ug;gpd; vy;yh mk;rq;fisAk; murpay; <LghLfs;> ghypay;> r%f
cs;slf;fp tiuaWf;fg;gl;litNa eilKiaapy; mbj;jsk;> me;j];J> gpw> Nghd;witw;iw
„kdpj chpikfs;‟ MFk;. khDl kjpg;Ah;T vd;gJ kjpf;fpw mNj rk fhyj;jpy;> xNu tpjkhd
kdpj chpikfspd; rhuk; MFk;. ,e;j mk;rj;ijg; tha;g;GfisAk; - elj;jg;gLjiyAk;
gw;wpa gue;j GupjYk;> xU jdp eghpd; kjpg;Gah; ngWtjw;F (midj;J kdpj caph;fSk;)
jd;ikapd; vy;iyia kjpj;J mq;fPfhpj;jYNk jFjp gilj;jitAkhFk;.
kdpj cjhpikfspd; cz;ikahd tha;g;ig  ehl;bYs;s midj;J kf;fSf;Fk; xNu
tiuaWg;gitahf mikfpd;wd. tpjkhd tha;g;Gfis toq;Ftjw;F
murhq;fq;fs; fl;lhak; gzpahw;wpahf
kdpj chpikfspd; mk;rq;fs; Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;> rKjhaj;jpYs;s rpy
kf;fs; gphpTfSf;F> cjhuzkhf> ngz;fs;>
 kf;fs;> kdpjh;fshf ,Uf;fpw xu Foe;ijfs; kw;Wk; khw;Wj; jpwdhspfSf;F
fhuzj;jpdhNyNa chpikfisg; Nkw;fz;lthW xNu tpjkhd tha;g;Gfis
ngw;wpUg;gth;fshfpd;wdh;. toq;FtJ vd;gJ $Ljyhfg; gzpahw;w
 midj;J kf;fSk; xU kjpg;Gah;e;j khDl Ntz;ba mtrpaj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;ff;$Lk;.
tho;f;ifia elj;jpr; nry;Ytjw;fhd
chpikiag; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wdh. ,e;j chpikfs;> mbg;gilahf
 NkYk;> vy;yh kf;fSf;Fk; ,e;j chpikfs;> jdpegh;fisr; Nrh;e;jitNa
rhjp> epwk;> kjk; kw;Wk; ghypd
mbg;gilapy; kWf;fg;glf; $lhjitahFk;.  ,jDila nghUs;> muRf;fk;> xU
jdpgUf;FkpilNa epyTfpw cwitg;
kdpj chpikfs; cyf KOtjw;Fkhdit nghWj;Nj ,it njhlh;Giladthfpd;wd
vd;gNj.
Njrk;> ,dk;> ghy; my;yJ epwk; Mfpa
 ,jd; tpisthf> xt;nthU jdpegUk; mtd;
vijAk; kdpj chpikfs; fzf;fpy; vLj;Jf;
my;yJ mtSila chpikfis
nfhs;tjpy;;iy. vy;yh ehLfisAk; Nrh;e;j>
KOikahd mDgtpf;fTk;> Rje;jpukhfr;
midj;J epwj;jth;> ,dj;jth;> kjj;jth; midtUk;
nra;y;gLj;jTk; Kbfpw xU rKjhaj;ij
vy;yhg; gfjpfspYk; xNu tpjkhd chpikfisg;
cUthf;fpj; ju Ntz;ba flikAk;
ngw;wUg;gth;fNs. cyfpd; vy;yhf; fz;lq;fspYk;
muRf;Nf chpajhfpwJ.
cs;s tsh;r;rp ngw;w kw;Wk; tsh;e;J tUk; ehLfs;>
jq;fSila vy;yhf; Fbkf;fSf;Fk; xNu tpj kdpj chpikfs;> kdpj Neaj;jpd;
chpikfisf; fl;lhak; cj;juthjg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
mbg;gilf; nfhs;iffis cs;slf;fpait.
kdpj chpikfs;> midj;J kf;fisAk;  kdpj MSikapd; tsh;r;rpf;Fk;> kdpj
rkkhdth;fshf elj;Jgit nfsutj;jpd; nghUl;Lk; ,t;Thpikfs;
mbg;gilahdit vd;W fUjg;gLfpd;wd.
 “vy;yh kdpj caph;fSk; chpikfspYk; -
 ,j;jifa chpikfSf;f rpy
nfsutj;jpYk; Rje;jpukhftk;> rkkhfTNk
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;> tho;f;iff;fhd chpik
gpwf;fpd;wd” vd;w fUj;jhf;fj;ij ,J
mbikj;jdj;jpypUe;J tpLjiy kw;Wk;
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 ஫னித உரிம஫கள்

rpjputijapypUe;J tpLjiy kl;LNk vd;gjy;y@ khwhf> cyf KOtjw;Fk;

Nghd;witfshFk;. nghUe;jf;$ba rpy ,yl;rpaq;fis mit
typAWj;Jfpd;wd. ,e;j kdpj chpikfSf;fhd
Njrpa vy;iyfSf;Fs; kl;Lk; khpahij Nkk;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G –Nghd;w
tiuaWf;fg;gl;lit my;y mk;rq;fis epiwT nra;J ju Ntz;ba flik
ehLfSf;F cz;L vd;gij kdpj chpikfs;
kdpj chpikfspd; Nkk;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; nfhz;Ls;sd.
ghJfhg;G vd;gJ Njrpa vy;iyfSf;Fl;gl;lJ

kdpj chpikfSf;fhd Kf;fpa ehl;fs;

 1215 - kfhrhrdk;

 1776 - mnkhpf;f rje;jpug; gpufldk; kw;wk; chpikfs; kNrhjh

 1787 - If;fpa ehLfspd; mikg;Gr; rl;;lk;

 1789 - kdpjdpd; chpikfs; kPjhd gpnuQ;R gpufldk;

 1946 - kdpj chpikfs; kPjhd I.eh. Mizak;

 1948 - kdpj chpikfspd; rh;tNjrg; gpufldk;

 1949 - n[dPth khehL
- kdpj chpikfs; kw;Wk; mbg;gilr; Rje;jpuq;fspd; ghJfhg;ghd
 1950
INuhg;gpa khehL
 1961 - INuhg;gpa r%f rhrdk;

- nghUshjhu> r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd rh;tNjr

cld;ghL (Irprpv];rp): Fbik kw;Wk; murpay; ;chpikfspd;
kPjhd rh;tNjr cld;ghL (IrprpgpMh;): kw;Wk;> (KjyhtJ)
 1966
Fbik kdpjj;jd;ikaw;w my;yJ juf;Fiwthf elj;Jtjy;
my;yJ jz;bj;jy; kPjhd rh;tNjr cld;ghl;bw;F Njh;T Kiw
kunghOq;F (Avd;rpVB)

kdpj chpikfs; kPjhd cyf khehl;by; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l nray;

 1993
jpl;lk; kw;Wk; tpad;dh gpufldk;

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 ஫னித உரிம஫கள்

,e;jpa murpay; rl;lj;jpy; kdpj chpikfs;  ,NjhL $Ljyhf, gpupT 51A –tpy;
(murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jp;d; gFjp 4 A)
 ,e;jpahtpd; murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; kdpj mbg;gil chpikfspd; cj;jputhjj;jpw;F
chpikfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Kiwg;gb tYr; Nrh;g;gjw;fhf xt;nthU Fbkfdpd;
mq;fPfhpj;Js;sJ. mjd; gFjp - %d;wpy; rpy mbg;gilf; flikfs; vd;gtw;wpd; gue;J
mbg;gil chpikfis cj;juthjKk; tphpe;j mk;rq;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.
nra;Jss;sJ: mtw;Ws;> rkj;Jt chpik  mbg;gil chpikfis
kj Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd chpik> fy;tp kw;Wk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jjw;Fhpa mjpfhuj;ij
fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kw;Wk; murpay; cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpw;F toq;Ffpw \uj;J 32-
rl;lhPjpahd jPh;TfSf;fhd chpik cld; $Ljyhf> ,Nj Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfj;
Nghd;wit cs;slq;fpAs;sd. jdJ mjpfhuq;fisg; gpuNahfpg;gjw;Fhpa
 ,e;j mbg;gil chpikfis mjpfhuj;ij cah;ePjp kd;wj;jpw;F gphpT 226
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> ,e;jpahtpd; toq;fpAs;sJ.
cr;rePjpkd;wj;pd; %y ePjpg; gug;ngy;iy  kdpj chpikfisg; ghJfhg;gJk;>
vd;w tbtj;jpy; murpay; rl;l hPjpahd eilKiwg;gLj;JtJkhd ,f;flik>
jPh;Tf;fhd chpikia 32-tJ tpjp murpay; rl;lhPjpahd fl;lisapd;gb
mwpj;Js;sJ. ,J> cah;epiy ePjpj;Jiwapd; mbg;gilf;
 jq;fspd; kdpj chpikfspd; kPjhd flikahFk;. ePjpapay; kPsha;T NghyNt>
Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhf jdpegh;fisg; rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rpAk; ekJ murpayikg;Gr;
ghJfhg;gjw;fhdjhFk;. rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilahd mk;rkhf cs;sJ.
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; ehd;fhk;  kdpj chpikfsi tphpthf;fk; nra;tjpy;
gFjp> muRf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd topfhl;b ,e;jpa cr;rePjp kd;wj;jpd; gq;F ghj;jpuk;
kpFe;j ghuhl;Lf;FhpajhFk;. ,t;tifapy;>
newpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,it muR> murapyikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpT 21I kpf
jd;Dila nfhs;iffspd; cUthf;fj;jpd; cah;e;jgl;rkhd mstpw;F ey;y
NghJ filg;gpbf;fg;gl;lhf Ntz;ba> tpisTfisj; juf;$ba gphpT vd;gjhf
mbg;gilapy; murhq;f eph;thfj;jpw;fhd mwpag;gl;ls;sJ.
newpfshFk;. ,tw;Ws; murpd; gpd;tUk;  Foe;ijg;gUtj;jpd; ghJfhg;gpw;fhd chpik>
flikfs; cs;slq;fpAs;sd: r%fg; ghJfhg;Gf;fhd chpik>
 kf;fSila eyj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Mnuhf;fpakhd Rw;Wr;RoYf;fhd chpik
xU r%f xOq;ifg; ghJfhg;gJ: r%f ePjp> kdpj nfsutj;jpw;fhd chpik Nghd;w
Ntiyf;fhd chpik> fy;tp kw;Wk; chpikfs; kPwg;gLk; NghJ> gphpT 21-d; fPo;
kdpjj;jd;ik kpf;f R+oy;fSf;fhd Vw;ghL> ,og;gPl;Lj; njhif toq;fg;gl;lhf
gytPdkhd kf;fs; gFjpfspd; eyd;fis Ntz;Lnkd;W Vuhskhd tof;Ffspy; ,e;jpa
Kd;ndLg;gJ> tho;f;ifj; juq;fspd; cr;rePjpkd;wk; $wpAs;sJ.
kl;lq;fisAk;> Cl;lr;rj;Jkpf;f czTj;  ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;;lj;ij tiutjpy;
juj;ijAk; cah;j;Jtjw;fhd flik> kw;Wk; (gFjpfs; 3 kw;Wk; 4) 1948-Mk; Mz;bd;
nghJ Rfhjhuj;ij Nkk;gLj;JtJ> kdpj chpikfs; kPjhd rh;tNjrg;
Rw;Wg;Gwr; R+oiyg; ghJfhg;gJ kw;wk; gpufldj;jpDila jhf;fk;> neLfpYk;
Nkk;gLj;JtJ> R+oypay; kw;Wk; td czug;gLtjhf mike;Js;sJ.
tpyq;Ffspd; tho;itg; ghJfhj;J  kdpj chpikfSf;fhd rh;tNjrg;
Nkk;gLj;JtJ> gpw flikfis topfhl;b gpufldj;jpwl;Fk;> mNj Nghuy ,uz;L
newpfs; typAWj;Jfpd;wd.
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 ஫னித உரிம஫கள்

 Kiwahd cld;ghLfSf;Fk;> rpy mk;rq;fspy; jaf;fj;Jld; ,e;jpah xg;Gjy; toq;fpAs;sJ.

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