CHAPTER FOUR: Fucking the Binary for Social Change: Our Radically Queer Agenda

Author(s): Avory Faucette

Source: Counterpoints , 2014, Vol. 437, THE GAY AGENDA: CLAIMING SPACE, IDENTITY,
AND JUSTICE (2014), pp. 73-88
Published by: Peter Lang AG

Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/42981932

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Counterpoints

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 CHAPTER FOUR

Fucking the Binary for Social Change:

Our Radically Queer Agenda

Avory Faucette

When the Church speaks of the nature of the human being as man an
woman and asks that this order of creation be respected, it is not the resul
of an outdated metaphysic. It is a question here of faith in the Creator and o
listening to the language of creation, the devaluation of which leads to th
self-destruction of man and therefore to the destruction of the same work of
God. That which is often expressed and understood by the term "gender,"
results finally in the self-emancipation of man from creation and from th
Creator. Man wishes to act alone and to dispose ever and exclusively of that
alone which concerns him. But in this way he is living contrary to the trut
he is living contrary to the Spirit Creator.
- Pope Benedict XVI, speaking on "gender theory" in his 2008 Christ-
mas address to the Curia

Just when you think it can't get any weirder or more disturbing, an Oakland
public school decided to teach grade-school children about multiple genders,
under the banner of preventing bullying.

Watch that video. Look at the children's faces. And then look at the activist
from a group called "Gender Spectrum" who wants to embed in these chil-
dren's minds the idea that we all have a right to make up our own gender(s).

"People can be girls, feel like girls, they can feel like boys, they can feel like
both, and they can even feel, like I said, kinda like neither," he teaches them.

This is a movement that knows what it is doing.

- National Organization for Marriage president Brian Brown in a June 2,
2011, open letter to opponents of same-sex marriage

As the ex-pope described it, the "self-destruction" of man, based

on evolving ideas of gender and gender roles, is a very real fear for
many men and women. Blog posts and newspaper articles herald

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74 Fucking the Binary for Social Change

"the end of gender" or speak of a country single-handedly

gender," as if acceptance of non-binary gender identities m
about a biblical genderpocalyse complete with fire, brim
Androgynous Barbie.1 When I explain my genderqueer i
someone new, starting with the simple explanation that I am
man nor a woman, many react with confusion or fear. Even
turns to the Million Dollar Questions - do I want to live
with no gender? Do I want everyone to use gender-neutral
Do I want kids to grow up not knowing the difference bet
and women?

My answers to those questions are "no," "it depends," and "sure

why not?"
Does gender have a specific meaning to some people? Of course it
does. I would hazard a guess that most non-binary activists under-
stand this, and respect men and women's right to identify as men or
women as well as the right to identify as another specific gender.
Non-binary activism is not about taking away others' gender identity;
rather it's about questioning the unique pedestal on which gender
stands as a system of classification and an identity marker, and
especially the heavy use of a classification system that is based on
assumptions rather than consent. The religious right tries to focus on
individuals' gender identities because this allows for a convenient
way of describing "Us" versus "Them" and invoking the scary
gender-radical "Other" in the popular imagination. In fact, the
problem non-binary activists challenge is a form of systematic control
that affects everyone, regardless of individual identity.
Do I want gender-neutral pronouns for everyone? Gender-neutral
pronouns make little sense if someone identifies as a man or a woman
and has asked the speaker to use "he" or "she." But neutral language
does make sense when referring to a person who has not declared
their gender, or to a hypothetical person who might be any gender.
We're comfortable with using "he or she" or "they" in hypothetical
situations, but many struggle with using neutral language to refer to
an identified person whose gender hasn't been stated. For example, "I
really like Julia's writing, especially how they address trans issues."
Once an individual is named or seen, we tend to attach a gender to
that person without asking for consent. In the example, most people

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 Avory Faucette 75

would use the pronoun "sh

never mentioned their gen
Finally, there is the ques
gender. I would argue that
between men and women
no inherent difference. The difference between men and women,
quite simply, is that men identify as men and women identify as
women. Certainly, there are traits held by the majority of those who
identify with one of those terms; but it makes no more logical sense to
say that if, for instance, 5 percent of women have a penis they are not
women than it does to say that if 5 percent of women have red hair
they are not women, or if 10 percent of women are left-handed they
are not women.

Teaching children the difference between men and women is

heart about teaching children what traits adult members of
typically consider male and female, and about teaching child
ridicule or find strange traits that do not "match" a person's gen
is also about teaching children that it is possible to identify a m
woman on sight, and that it is possible to know their own g
very early on in their development. I and other non-binary act
would challenge these assumptions as a form of social contr
presumes our current system of gender is "right" and "na
without questioning it. While it is logical for parents and teach
answer children's questions about gender and acknowledg
some traits are particularly common for men or for women
possible to reframe the lesson so that children begin to lea
nuances of gender from an early age - most women have this s
body parts, for example, but not all. Many women enjoy w
makeup, and some men do, too. Seeing someone in makeup d
tell you what their gender is, because they might be a man, a w
or something else. These lessons teach children to be more
ended about gender, while at the same time acknowledging that
and women do exist.
Non-binary activism brings something valuable to the table not
because it destroys or eliminates gender, but because it questions the
logic behind rigid gender norms, hierarchies, and the state's use of

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76 Fucking the Binary for Social Change

gender as an unnecessary control mechanism. This

benefits people of all genders, not only non-binary people.

Who Are Non-Binary Activists?

The idea of non-binary gender is certainly not new, bu
sent form revolving around the umbrella term "gender
more than two decades old. The genderqueer communit
particular surge with the advent of the internet and s
Activism has centered around Twitter, Tumblr, and the b
with offline components in campus and community gr
as a few anthologies published by small presses. Increas
has led to trans organizations, and in some cases LGBT org
at least considering the existence of non-binary people wh
policy.
Like any identity group, some subsets of the non-binary popula-
tion are more vocal and recognized in activism than others. Accord-
ing to a recent survey of the U.S. transgender (trans) population that
included 860 participants who did not identify as "male," "female,"
or "part time one gender, part time as another," 73 percent of that
subpopulation were assumed female at birth. Eighty-nine percent are
under the age of 45. A larger portion of that subpopulation are non-
White (30 percent) than in the general trans population surveyed (23
percent), and more respondents in that subpopulation were multira-
cial (18 percent compared to 11 percent for the entire survey popula-
tion; Harrison, Grant, & Herman, 2012, p. 18).
Youth and people who were assumed female at birth are well-
represented in online communities, where participants are often
teenaged or college-aged students identifying somewhere on a
transmasculine spectrum. The racial diversity of the population is
somewhat less evident in online activist communities, though in an
informal survey of the 100 most recent photographs posted on the
popular non-binary visibility site Genderfork.com, 20 (20 percent) of
those were visibly people of color.
These demographics relate to some of the limitations of non-
binary activism in its present forms. The very young average age of
the population means that resources, especially financial resources,
are limited. While a lot of idea work is taking place online, not

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 Avory Faucette TI

everyone has time or

activist projects, and f
movement through no
traditional channels th
with financial resources.
Though some young activists implement major change through
campus groups, such change has more impact on the middle- and
upper-class White populations from which the majority of university
students originate than on the non-binary populations that face the
largest structural challenges such as non-binary people of color,
working-class and poor non-binary people, non-binary people with
disabilities, and those facing challenges along multiple identity
vectors. White activists may also have more sway in directing the
policy agenda as Whites still form a substantial majority of non-
binary activists, and are likely to have more resources on average
than peers of color due to systemic inequality. Those living under
multiple oppressions are particularly unlikely to be able to devote
time and energy to activism, and are likely to face greater structural
challenges when doing so, not least of which being the reluctance of
non-binary activists with greater privilege to open up activism to
multiple voices and approaches.
Another demographic challenge is that it is often difficult to eval-
uate non-binary activism separately from trans activism generally,
and particularly from young trans activist groups that often include
issues of importance to non-binary members in an agenda that is
designed to benefit all young trans people. Many groups with a
young population have an intersectional focus, so a group of activists
that does work relevant to non-binary people might also be working
on racial justice, disability justice, or economic access. This intersec-
tional focus is highly beneficial but at the same time makes it difficult
to identify non-binary priorities without reference to needs that have
more to do with oppression based on another identity.
A large part of online activism is also story-sharing and increasing
visibility, which might not be seen as activism in a traditional sense.
However, sites like Genderfork and individual Tumblr blogs dedicat-
ed to showing images and words of non-binary people can have a
significant impact when visibility leads to awareness of the need for

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78 Fucking the Binary for Social Change

change. Particularly among non-binary individuals wh

driven to activism but unaware of the range of identities
and possibly questioning their own identity, these sites ar
in that simple visibility makes non-binary individuals a
larger population of potential activist partners. A s
description of a non-binary individual paired with a
someone who may appear very feminine, very masculin
nous, or anywhere else on the gender presentation map
strong message that non-binary people not only exist, but
diverse group into which the individual viewer could easil
is a necessary first-step in activism that is premised on co
support and solidarity work.

What Changes Are Non-Binary Activists Making Online

Local Communities?

Non-binary activism tends to focus heavily on the importance o

recognition. As Melissa Harris-Perry (2011) explains in her work
Black women in the United States, authentic recognition is fundam
tal both to daily life and to political gains. "Making demands on
state means asking the state and society to see you and pay attenti
to your interests" (p. 122). Harris-Perry further explains the collect
harm placed on groups that suffer from societal misrecognition. "
stigmatized groups, the social world is not a positive mirror bu
carnival mirror, with images of the self stretched or shrunken by
distorting surface that cannot produce an accurate image" (p. 132).
Thus, the problem non-binary people face is not only one of ba
policy as described later in this chapter, but of a fundamental fail
on the part of most people in our lives to recognize us for who we
The effect of this constant misrecognition is intense psycholog
harm and self-doubt (Harris-Perry, 2011, p. 107). The same may
true for anyone who does not strictly conform to gendered expect
tions - rather than being recognized for who they are, these n
conformers are judged according to a rigid gender framework t
ignores other aspects of self. The work of non-binary activists, then
to de-center the importance of gender in society so that people of
gender identities are seen as their true, authentic selves, witho

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Avory Faucette 79

gender being overemph

mirror.

Much discussion in thi

far as linguistic misgen
"she" is one of the most
aggressions that occur
English speakers, the m
neutral pronouns. Neutr
recognizing a non-bina
spaces such as bios, new
that non-binary people ex
There is also discussion
or a more inclusive form
of a new gender-neutra
troversy as journalists
pronoun to the languag
English-speaking world h
as a singular, generic ne
unknown, which seems r
tially wider implications
Generally, we only use
the subject of a sentence
is to use neutral prono
specified a pronoun or g
a situation where two fr
one spots a student she d
back in a ponytail, has br
The friend asks, "who're
Rather than assuming t
female and asking who "
she does not know the
pronouns, and thus uses
gendering them. Even
unfamiliar language use;
gendering someone we
understanding of why th
practice. Some college pr

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80 Fucking the Binary for Social Change

first-day rule of asking students for name and "PGPs"

gender pronouns) in their classes. An example of this w
my name is Avory, and my PGPs are zie, hir, and hirself."
It is telling that when this simple suggestion to ask for
or gender identity crops up in classrooms and workplaces,
tive opponents to the practice dismiss it as dangerous
Asking the question doesn't change the fact that most
respond in the way we expect. But for those who don't, t
gives us freedom to present in a way that some may s
sistent with our gender identities. It allows us to mak
choices about whether to alter our bodies, because the
don't assume our gender based on how we look, the mo
we feel on a day-to-day basis, whatever our expression.
the question makes gender something that we actively
claim, rather than something that is placed upon us.
In addition to introducing and encouraging gender-n
guage, non-binary activists are also talking about conceptu
our communities that are slowly changing how we see
stand gender. Gender is typically understood as a fixed lo
that we can name and claim as an identity. Some q
describe gender as a spectrum or line between male an
where everyone has a location on that line but it may not
male or exactly at female. This spectrum idea doesn
everyone, however.
For some non-binary people, gender is not easily under
tive to "male" and "female." For example, some people
agender, or plot their gender as a point that exists somewh
line. Others identify as both male and female simultane
identify as moving between two or more points, or as bein
ly genderfluid, so that gender is never a particular point,
motion or an experience. Talking about these differen
understanding gender has expanded the way those who in
the non-binary community - particularly binary-identifi
trans people - think about gender.2
This wider view of gender in turn has an effect on
scribe sexual orientation. The familiar terms for orientation such as
"gay," "straight," or "bisexual" assume that the person using them

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 Avory Faucette 81

has a static, binary gender

for example, we assume
that her identity is stable
use a term like "queer" or
all, since their preferenc
gender identity.3 This re-t
those whose partners are n
non-binary people. As m
men and women, particula
ing whether traditional sex
These conceptual shifts
queer communities or sp
binary activists is gradu
imagination. Even the oc
neutrality in a major new
gender is, and in turn su
Rather than the "end of
movement is really about
we make around gender
pervasiveness leads to qu
bureaucracy that uses gen
policy realm, non-binary
many people unnecessar
granted.

What Are Non-Binary Activists' Large-Scale Policy Goals?

Especially within the trans rights movement, non-binary activists
also work to achieve large-scale policy change. The biggest challenge
for policy change is the pervasiveness of gender norms and gender
classifications. Binary gender is not only deeply rooted in language,
the way we see one another, and the way we relate as explained
above, but it is also the most common way people are classified by
governments and other institutions.
While some trans activists focus on making it easier to change
one's gender classification from one binary gender to another, the
clearest way to make the system friendly to those who do not claim a
binary gender is to remove gender classifications entirely. Gender is

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82 Fucking the Binary for Social Change

often irrelevant on identification documents and other off

work. Where gender serves no practical purpose, it sho
included in official documents. Safety is sometimes cla
reason for dividing public accommodations and instit
gender, but it is hard to see how these divisions keep n
people safe. Though it makes more sense to make certa
without retaining any reference to gender (gender-neutral
for example), and safety might be a valid concern with oth
less shelters, prisons), non-binary activists are thinking
about how to address the problems of gender classification
As a matter of public policy, the gender marker on many
identification and official documents is simply unnecessary
no real purpose beyond reiterating the value society places
and exercising state control over the individual. The argum
gender marker cuts down on identity fraud is rather ludic
the range of gender expressions out there. If anything,
marker simply makes trans and other gender-nonconform
targets of official ridicule when the marker is compare
individual's appearance. This makes it difficult for some
travel, get a job, find housing, or access public benefits (To
In areas where the individual's gonads or hormonal makeup
relevant, such as medical and insurance records, specific
could be asked on official forms, narrowly constructed to
information actually needed.
The question of accommodations and institutions is
more complicated, but not impossible to approach in a
respects non-binary genders. First, some facilities should
gender neutral. The comfort some feel in gender-segr
strooms does not outweigh the needs of those who are for
ple times a day, to enter a facility with a gender that is not
clearly marked on the door. Where there is a legitimate saf
there are ways to address the concern without forcing n
people to align with one gender or the other, and these sol
excellent opportunities for intersectional work.
At the root of the safety concerns in homeless shelters,
and other detention facilities is a climate of violence, limite
untrained staff, and lack of community support. A lack of

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 Avory Faucette 83

the humanity of individua

ed at the intersections of r
trans people of color may f
as they are sharply discrim
into frequent contact with
to institutional structure
designed to meet.
In the short term, policy
izing people into groups ba
measures to reduce violen
impact in a structurally-un
have an interest in removi
work in solidarity with th
ability, age, and other ve
radical solutions, as we are
its foundations. Some possi
system and a shift to com
radical re-imagining of s
problem of homelessness in
tion policies, and major le
victimless crimes and surv
Rather than working wit
our allies, non-binary activ
on a discriminatory foun
into the bureaucratic fab
success working in solida
about how to restructure a
will working with mainst
mental change within in
privilege L and G (and som
non-binary. Though non-b
binary trans activists and q
to think critically about st
We believe that the answer to state control mechanisms that divide
and label us is not "here's how we would like to be divided and
labeled instead," but rather, "what gives you the power and author

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84 Fucking the Binary for Social Change

to do this?" This reframing of the question is also consiste

needs of binary trans activists and other oppressed groups
Other areas of non-binary activism in the policy realm
institutions that tend to be misinformed about gender and
in replicating the common understanding of the gender bi
include education systems, the media, and healthcare. Th
countries are better than others in these respects, as yet t
utopia for non-binary thinking within national boundaries.
From Sweden comes a recent example of how early e
might impact understandings of gender. A media frenzy c
upon a Swedish preschool that implemented gender-neut
including the use of a gender-neutral pronoun, the use of "f
students' names rather than the phrase "boys and girls," an
lar changes such as swapping out fairytales steeped in st
roles for more egalitarian children's books (Hebblethwaite,
style of education from such an early age can have a huge
how children see gender as they grow. Such changes im
throughout an educational system would go a long w
changing how adults perceive gender, as the kneejerk t
lump all individuals into a female or male category upon f
would at least be substantially reduced, and the need f
before assigning a gender to an individual would becom
through educational repetition.
The media response to this story highlights anoth
change. Media coverage of gender neutrality tends to be
and conservative, picking up the moral thread of the relig
Even when media outlets purport to be neutral, they ten
identities and language to fit a binary system. For exampl
of supermodel Andrej Pejič, who exploded onto the fash
2011 modeling both menswear and womenswear for such
as Jean Paul Gaultier and Marc Jacobs, has been relentless in
figure out "what" Andrej is, exactly. Though he has clearly
he identifies as neither male nor female, that either "he"
acceptable as pronouns, and that he's not attached to a
identity label, journalists insist on recasting him as a tr
crossdresser, or androgyne (LeTrent, 2012). This kind o
serves to erase non-binary identities in the public imag

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 Avory Faucette 85

further reinforce the gen

happening.
In the area of healthcare, competency varies widely among provid-
ers. There is a need for across-the-board training through medical
schools and continuing education so that providers are aware of the
range of gender identities patients might use and avoid making
gendered assumptions. Assumptions can literally be deadly here.
Among the 860 people in the survey described earlier, 36 percent stated
that they avoid healthcare when sick or injured due to fear of discrimi-
nation (compared with 27 percent of the general survey population;
Harrison, Grant, & Herman, 2012, p. 22). Non-binary people of color
are particularly likely not to seek preventive care or treatment because
of a traumatic history or fears of possible trauma, and are likely to have
traditional means of healing based on community wisdom devalued if
they do seek care (Brown Boi Project, 2011, pp. 13-14).
There are a number of ways in which this problem can be reme-
died. First, medical schools should dedicate class time for all students
to education on trans populations, including non-binary identities,
and the overall range of gender experiences. Instead of asking for "M"
or "F" on a form, doctor's offices and insurance companies should
make queries that are narrowly constructed and sensitive to patients'
psychological needs. For example, "are you capable of becoming
pregnant?" or "do you currently menstruate?" Where gender is
requested, it is also imperative that all staff interacting with a patient
actually read the form - not only should the doctor and nurse know a
patient's preferred pronouns, but so should the receptionist. Finally,
medical professionals should be trained to inquire about individual
experiences rather than making assumptions about healthcare needs,
and to be aware of the psychological trauma many people face due to
a structure that relies so heavily on binary gender.
The strategies for achieving these changes may be community-
based. They may also work within institutions and regulatory bodies,
rather than focusing on legislation. In the areas of media and educa-
tion, this work may rarely intersect with the government, focusing
instead on the realm of hearts and minds. These policy priorities can
be carried out through varied routes.

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86 Fucking the Binary for Social Change

Summary of Recommendations
In conclusion, the crux of non-binary activism is that w
moral panic over the end of gender on its head and ch
assertion that a system based on binary gender is a neu
system. We question the morality of putting forth a system
as "normal" and all-encompassing when in fact it does n
the experience of all human beings and it actively limits c
causes psychological harm, exerts unnecessary state co
disallows human beings from reaching our full potential.
Our means for achieving change may at times differ fr
stream LGBT movement stakeholders. Our non-binary a
runs parallel to the needs of other marginalized communit
"we're just like you" strategy of the same-sex marriage mov
example, runs counter to a goal of radical structural c
destabilizing assumptions about gender. Rather than "we
you, so don't be afraid of us," non-binary activists bo
"you're part of the problem, and our agenda will benefit u
harming you."

In sum, my recommendations are:

1. Do not assume gender until it is stated. Use neutra

or ask respectfully.
2. Be aware of how orientation terms such as "gay," "
or "bisexual" can misgender non-binary people.
3. Don't assume that the way someone expresses the
means you can interpret their gender identity without
4. Remove gender from all forms of identification a
documentation where there is no compelling purpo
inclusion. If gender must be included, allow f
description.
5. Where gender is not relevant, but a related factor is,
rowly-tailored questions designed to elicit only t
mation needed.

6. Provide gender-neutral public accommodations such as re-

strooms and locker rooms. Where institutions are segregated
for a legitimate purpose, allow individuals to choose where

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 Avory Faucette 87

they would be most comf

tivity, and implement st
7. In the long term, consi
institutions informed by
and taking into account
8. Educate children to u
tions and avoid teaching
9. Use appropriate langu
topics and avoid the per
ased media coverage.
10. Provide respectful hea

These social and policy te

in that the attacks on gays
ists lump all sorts of so-ca
part centered around a mo
eyes of a religious right
center of the "traditional f
form of gender deviance a
norms at the center of the
presented in this chapter, f
is just such an attack, but
as the religious right thre
more moral society in whi
recognized to be only one p

Notes
1 See, e.g., Weeks (2011), The Good Men Project (2011), Rothschild (2012). For a
reading list for the genderpocalypse, see White (2012).
2 For examples of non-binary identities, see Sycamore (2006), Roxie (2012).
3 For examples, see Diamond (2011).
4 See Stanley & Smith (201 1 ).
See, e.g., Ñamaste (2006) on how gay bashers especially target those who deviate
from gender norms.

References
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[Web log post]. Retrieved from nomblog.com/9429/

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88 Fucking the Binary for Social Change

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San Francisco, CA: Manic D Press.
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