Consequences of Tooth Loss

◦ Bone lass
◦ Greater in the mandible than in the maolia
◦ Mare pronounced posteriorly than antertorly
◦ Produces a broader mandibular arch, while constricting the maxillary
arch
◦ Alteration to the oral mucosa
.. The attached gingiva of the alveolar bone can become replaced with less
keratinized oral mucosa which is more readily traumatized
◦ Aesthetics
◦ Facial features change lip supportDecreased tertical support

Treatment Objectives

• Preserve the remaining natural teeth and their supporting

structures
◦ Preserve the edentulous supporting area
◦ Restore aesthetic and phonetic function
◦ Improve masticatory efficiency
◦ Contribute to and restore the physical and mental health of the patient
(restore health, comfort and quality of life)
◦ THIS PHILOSOPHY ENFORCES OBLGATIONS AND RESPONSIBLITIES TO THE
CLINICIAN BEYOND THE PURLY MECHANICAL CONCEPT
◦ CAUSE NO DAMAGE!

THE COMPUTER EQUIPMENT

Restoration of Oral Functions

◦ Restored masticatory function

◦ Good fit, securely attached and easy to insert and remove
◦ Aesthetically acceptable
◦ No impairment to phonetics
◦ Minimal tissue stress within physiologically acceptable limits
◦ Easy to clean and hygienically flawless
◦ High quality workmanship and dental precision
◦ Biocompatible materials
◦ High degree of functional reliability
◦ Prevent undesirable tooth movement (opposing arch)
◦ Preparation for complete dentures

Damages that may result

◦ Plaque accumulation
◦ May lead to chronic periodontitis and denture stomatitis
◦ Direct trauma from components
◦ Abrasion and fracture of restorations
◦ Transmission of excessive functional forces
◦ Tooth mobility
◦ Occlusal error from premature contact
 ◦ Tooth mobility
◦ Increase in bone resorption
◦ Facial pain
◦ Denture stomatitis
‘

Treatment Objectives and Philosophies

◦ Team approach (involve other protessionals as needed)

◦ Practice for prevention, fixed or removable
◦ Biocompatibility
◦ Alternative treatments
◦ Future considerations and planning

Indications for RPD's

◦ Lengthy edentulous span (too long for a fixed prosthesis)

◦ No posterior abutment for a fixed prosthesis
◦ Excessive alveolar bone loss (aesthetic problems)
◦ Poor prognosis for complete dentures due to residual ridge morphology
◦ Reduced periodontal support of remaining teeth to support a fixed
restoration
◦ Cross arch stabilization of teeth
◦ Need for immediate replacement of extracted teeth
◦ Cost or patient considerations

• As a diagnostic (or interim) denture till a definitive treatment plan is

formalated
• Alteration of vertical dimension /occlusion
4 Determiar bow patient will respond to changes (TMD)

Introduction

◦ Full Denture research and development has surpassed that of removable

partial denture rescarch and improvements.
◦ Great advances have been made in prosthodontics over theveal's
◦ Steffel suggests some reasons whyIt is impossible to provide a set
design and plan to apply to all the variables in partial dentures compared to full
dentures
◦ The patient and dentist may feel that the removable partial denture is
at best a temporary or transitional restoration
◦ In general, the dinician seems to have a lack of responsibility to
survey and design the restoration before having it fabricated by the technician

• Often there is a failure of the clinician to make a thorough examination,

diagnosis and treatment plan with accurate diagnostic casts

* A lack of knowledge and application of the basic principle of design and stress
distribution
◦ Other reasons for failure include with not restoring serviceable teeth
to normal function and ensuring that the supporting and adjacent tissues are in a
healthy state
◦ Most RPD's are over designed and under prepared
 ◦ The neglect of the clinician to instruct the patient on the
limitations, care and maintenance of the prosthesis

Summary

◦ A successful RPD should

◦ Fit the mouth and fulfill the treatinent objectives
◦ Be comfortable an easy for the patient to use
◦ Look and fecl natural in the mouth
◦ Be as simple in design as possible
◦ Be sturdy in construction

Kennedy Classifications

Requirements of an Acceptable
Method of Classification
◦ It should permit immediate visunhization of the type of partially
edentulous arch that is being considered
◦ It should permit immediate differentiation between the tooth-supported
and the tooth-and-tissue supported removable partial denture
◦ It should be universally acceptable

kennedy Classifications

reposed by Dr. Edward Kennedy in 1923-25, in an attempt to classify the partially

edentulous arch in a manner that suggests certain principles of design for a given
situation
◦ Class I
1 Bilateral edeutulous areas located posterior to the natural teeth
◦ Class II
1 A unilateral edentulous area, located posterior to the remaining
natural teeth
◦ Class IIIA unilateral edentalous area with natural teeth remaindering
both anteriorand posterior to it
◦ Class IV
◦ A single, but bilateral (crossing the midline), edentulous area located
anterior
to the remaining satural teeth

Rules Governing the Ammlication of the Kennedy

Method - Applegates Rules

◦ Dr. O. C. Applegate provided eight rules governing the application of

the Kennedy Method. Without these rules, the Kennedy classification would be
difficult to apply to everysituation
◦ Rule 1
◦ Classification should follow, rather than precede any extractions of
teeth that might alter the original classification
◦ Rule 2
◦ If a third molar is missing, and not to be replaced, it is not
considered to be in the classification
◦ Rule 3
 ◦ If a third molar is present and is to be used as an abutment, it is
considered in the classification
◦
◦ Rule 4
◦ If a second molar is missing and not to be replaced, it is not
considered in the classification (e.g. If the opposing second molar is likewise
missing and is not to be replaced)
◦ Rule 5
◦ The most posterior edentulous area (or areas) always determine the
classification
◦ Rule 6
◦ Edentulous areas other than those determining the classification are
referred to as mod arions and are designated by their number
◦ Rule 7the extent of the classification is not considered, only the
number of additional edentulous areas
◦ Rule g
◦ There can be no modification areas in Class IV arches. (Other
edentulous areas laying posterior to the single, bilateral area crossing the
midline would instead determine the classification;see Rule 5)

Applegate - later added two classes

◦ ClassV
◦ A unilateral edentulous area with natural teeth remaining both anterior
and posterior to it but the anterior abutment is not suitable for support
◦ Class VI
◦ A unilateral edentulous area with natural teeth remaining both anterior
and posterior to it with abutments capable for total support

FISET'S ADDITIONS

◦ Class VII
◦ A partially edentulous situation in which all remaining natural teeth
are located on one side of the arch, or of the median line
◦ Class VIII
◦ A partially edentulous situation in which all remaining natural teeth
are located in one anterior corner of the arch
◦ Class IX
◦ A partially edentalous situation in which functional and cosmetic
requirements or the magnitude of the interocclusal distance require the use of a
telescoped prosthesis (partial or complete). The remaining teeth are capable of
total or partial support for the prosthesis
◦ Class X
◦ A partially edentulous situation in which the remaining teeth are
incapable of providing any support. If the teeth are kept to maintain alveolus
integrity, the arch must be restored with an OVERDENTURE which is a complete
denture supported primarily by the denture foundation area

• Introduction
•
◦ The gathering of pertinent information is vital for successful
rehabilitation
1 The evidence will aid in arriving at an accurate diagnosis and
development of a sound treatient planConsidering the great percentage of treatment
that is for partial dentures, it is surprising how little time is spent on training
to properly evaluate, diagnose, and plan a removable partial denture to adequately
fill the treatment objectives
◦ Not only is an accurate inpression and fine construction important,
they must be proceeded by an examination, diagnosis and treatment plan.
◦
 The Prosthetic Exam

• The examination is the time to establish communication and a patient rapport.

an understanding and trust between the
patient and clinician
◦ The examination must be simple, yet thorough
◦ The examination must be organized and have continuity
◦ To keep it simple and avoid confusion, only note abnormalities that may
effect the treatment planning of the
case
Always remember the four principles of any examination

• KNOWLEDGE- SEEING - FEELING - LISTENING****

Case History
* Dental History
◦ What is the patient's chief complaint?
◦ When did the patient lose their teeth?
◦ How did the patient lose their teeth?What has bee the patient's
experience with prosthetic appliances?
◦ Was the failure of the appliance mechanical or psychological?
◦ Never make financial assumptions

1
Medical History
2
◦ The patient's medical history and state of general health is necessary
to a proper examination.
◦ A healthy patient, both physically and mentally, is generally
predisposed to successful treatment
1 A bealthy patient is a happy patient
◦ Lindetected disenses may present themselves as constantly irritated
areas. It is your job to detect oral signs and symptoms and direct the patients to
the necessary medical treatment
◦ If there is any doubt of a patient bealth, a thorough medical exam
should be considered

Psychological Considerations

1 Covert the patient's need to a wantThe patient must be fully aware of

the limitations
2 The patient must kow their expectation of participationrequired
◦ Patient instruction must be continual, from beginning, past insertion
Patents can be classified by their mental attitude
• Operator must employ the best method to gain the best result

Indifferent type
◦ Cares for nothingPersonal appearance, habits, poor oral hygiene
◦ Is able to masticate "by fair means or foul"
* The patient must demonstrate a willingness to continue good practices after
instruction
• The prognosis is usually hopeless unless the attitude of the patient is changed
by patient education

Philosophical Type
This patient is well adjusted to the elements of time, aging and the loss of teeth
1 Accepts dentures, realizing they are an artificial aid constructed for
their comfort and welfare
◦ The prognosis is usually excellent
◦
Other Considerations
1 Age of Patient
◦ The younger patient finds it easier to adapt to the prosthesisTreatment
directed toward biomechanicalMaintain and preserve the remaining oral tissueA
maintenance and recall very important
◦ The older patient has less coordination, adaptability and tissue
response
* Tends to be exacting i attitude
• Compiaints tend to be more vagueImportant to consider what is left and preserve
the remaining tissue as well as possibleThe denture should be designed to
incorporate future additions if loss of natural teeth is anticipated (to act as a
transitional denture)

◦ Appearance of patient
◦
◦ Landmaris that are constant through lifeMentobiabel sulcas
◦ Modiolus
◦ Variations from normal in these landmarks indicate
◦ Loss of disade
1 Alreolar borse beaght.
◦ Decreased vertical dimensi
◦ Loss of muscle tone

EQUIPMENT

Clinical Examination
◦ Digital (manual) and visual examinations reveal anatomical and
physiological characteristics of the remaining teeth and edentalous areas
◦ Visual examination determines topography and general contour of hard
and soft tissues
◦ Digital examination can reveal the presence or absence of resistance,
tenderness and pain

Soft Tissue Examination

◦ Colour and character of the mucous membrane of the supporting tissues
and edentulous areasContour and character of the edentulous ridge
◦ Broad, knife-edged, flabby
Soft tissue undercuts
◦ Determines connector placement
◦ Determines flange extension
◦ Contour and character of palatal area
◦ Presence and location of tori
◦ Presence of abnormalities on the lingual ridge
◦ Presence and location of tori
◦ Variation in thickess and displacement of mucosal coverage of the
residual ridge
◦ To determine impression technique
◦ Frena and border tissue attachments
◦ Effects on denture base and connector design
◦ Position, size and normality of tongue
◦ Ridge relations in centric occlusion as well as eccentric movements
 Temporal mandibular Joint

◦ Feel it - listen to it - look at it

◦ * See attachment for greater details
Place the finger over the condyle head and have the patient perform all mandibular
movements to "feel" for jumps or irregular movements
◦ Listen for "click" or grating sound, even without clinical complaint.
◦ Indicates disc or ligament displacement
◦ May be a fore-warning of difficulties.
◦ Observe the head of the condyle for abnormal movement as it moves under
the skin

Hard Tissue Examination

Remaining dentition
◦ Number
◦ Location
◦ Vitalier
◦ Inclination
◦ Clinical crow forma
◦ Periodontal condition of remaining teeth
◦ Tooth mobility
◦ Appearance of tissue around tooth
◦ Character of caries
◦ Primary or recurrent
◦ Location of caries
• Consider the character of the opposing dentition to determine the amount of
tissue and/or tooth support required in the design

Occlusion

◦ Is there harmony between centric occlusion and centric relation?

◦ Does an acquired malocclusion exist?
◦ Is there abnormal vertical and horizontal overlap?
◦ Does interdigitation of remaining natural teeth affect possible tooth
rest position?

X-ray (Roentgen graphic) Exam

• To locate areas of infection and other pathosis that may bepresent

* To reveal the presence of root fragments, foreign objects, bone spículas, and
irregular ridge formations
◦ Presence of impactions and unerupted teeth
◦ To display the presence, location and extent of caries and their
relation to pulp and periodontal attachment
◦ To permit the evaluation of existing restorations
◦ Recurrent caries
◦ Marginal leakage
◦ Overhanging gingival margias
◦ To reveal the presence of root canal fillings and to permit their
evaluation as to future prognosisThe design of the partial denture may have on the
decision to retain or extract the tooth
◦ To permit an evaluation of periodontal conditions present to establish
the need and possibilities of treatment
◦ Thickness and continuity of periodontal ligaments
◦ Indicates tolerances of remaining teeth. Ooclusal forces and stresses
are namediately recorded be the response of the periodontal ligament
 ◦ Size, shape and inclination of roots of remaining natural teeth
◦ Crown root ratio
◦ To evaluate the alveolar support
◦ Ofabutment teeth
◦ Their number
◦ The supporting length and morphology of the rootsThe relative amount of
alveolar bone loss suffered through pathogenic processes
◦ The amount of alveolar support remaining
◦ Evaluation of the probable resistance of the alveolar bone to increased
stress load.I Is there eridence of omerloading and how long has this existed?How
bare the supporting structures reacted to previous stress loads?Have the teeth been
sablected to deflective occlusal interferences?" How bus the tipped toosh
saintained its support?

Bite Registration

a Decide if casts are to be mounted in centric occlusion or centric relation

◦ Casts may be hand articulated if sufficient teeth interdigitation with
precision, accuracy and stability
◦ If the natural occlusal contacts can not be determined accurately. &
bite block is required to mount diagnostic casts before framework, to ensure no
interference of clasps and rests
◦ In other cases, wax occlusal rims are needed
◦ In cases of fall denture opposing a Kennedy Class I, a face bow must be
used

Summary of Steps
◦ Outline periphery on cast
◦ Block out undercuts
◦ Bend strengthener
◦ Separator on cast
◦ Adapt material
◦ Insert strengthener
◦ Cure
◦ Trim
◦ Wax bite black
◦ Polish

Bend Strengthener
◦ To strengthen base plate material in weak areas where teethare present
◦ Close adaption with minimal voids between tissue and strengthener to
minimize bulk of finished base

Adapt Material
◦ labricate cast to allow removal of base material
◦ Adapt material
◦ Finish edges to minimise trimming needed

Insert Strengthener

• Must be covered, fully encased and not visible

Process and Trim Base

◦ Light cure base, remove from cast, clean cast
◦ Trim base
◦ Periphery smooth with no sharp edges, inside and out
◦ Periphery not short, no overextensions
 ◦ Base must be stable and easily removed from cast
◦ Relieve base if needed

Build Wax Rim, Bite Block

◦ Heat sheet of base plate was
◦ Roll into sausage shape,
◦ Being careful to not trap air bubbles
Shape and cut as needed

Criteria for a RPD Bite block

◦ .Dimensions of bite block
◦ Must accommodate existing teeth in height and location
◦ 2 -3 man above natural dentition
◦ Marillary
◦ Anterior lp support - distance from incisive papilla
◦ Height, anterior 22 mm, posterior 16 mm
◦ Width, anterior 4-6 mm, posterior 10 mm,
◦ Mandibular
◦ Height, anterior 18mm, posterior at retramolar pad, 2/3
◦ Width, anterior Guare. posterior width 10mm

Desirable occlusal contact for RPD

◦ To develop a harmonious occlusal relationship of the RPD
◦ To enhance stability of the RPD
◦ Simultaneously
I* Sinaltaneously bilateral contacts of opposing posterior teeth
must occur in centric occlusion
◦ Occlusion for tooth supported RPD may be similar to the occlusion as
seen in harmonious natural dentitionStability for AFD comes from the direct
retainers at both ends of thedenture base
◦ Bilateral balanced occlasion in eccentric position should be used when
a matillary comaplete denture opposes an RPD
*This promotes stability of the complete denture

Working side contact should be obtained for the mandibular distal extension RPD
Working side contacts maust occur simultaneously with natural dentition to
distribate the stresses over the greatest possible area
Sirnaltaneously working and balancing contact for the maxillary bilateral distal
extension RPD
Only working contacts needed for unilaterally distal extensionRED
In Kennedy Class IV, contact of opposing anterior teeth in the planned intercuspal
position.
* To prevent contaious eruption of the opposing natural incisors (unless they are
ox
they are prevented from extrusion by lingual plate, auxillary' bar or splinting

Establishing Satistactory Occlusion

Includes the following

◦ An analysis of the existing occlusion
◦ The correction of existing occlusal disharmony
◦ The recording of centric relation or an adjusted centric acclusion
◦ The recording of eccentric jaw relations or functional eccentric
occlusion
◦ The correction of occlusal adjustments from the poor fit of the
framework or processing

Vertical Jaw Relations

◦ Definition- Vertical Dimension (VD) is a vertical measurement of the

face between two arbitrary points;
◦ one below the mouth (usually on the chin),
◦ one above the mouth (generally on the nose)
◦ Two vertical dimensions are required for each patient
◦ Vertical Diner ion at Rest -VDR
◦ Taken when the paition is in an upright position and at complete rest,
and
the natural teeth are sot touching (freeway space)
• Vertical Dimension of Occlusion -VDOThen when the patient has natural teeth and
the teeth come into contact in maxinum axtercuspal relatiouslip

Altering the Vertical Dimension

As Denturists, this is not done

◦ The natural teeth contacting in centric occlusion is considered the VDO
for the construction of the RPD
◦ If che patient shows symptoms that suggest the VDO has been diminished,
the VDO may benefit from an increaseddimension
◦ Excessive freetray space
◦ Extreme anterior vertical overlap - the mandibular teeth actually
strike the soft tissue of the palette
◦ Tired, aching muscles
◦ Unexplained pain in the head or neck (Headaches)Appearance of premature
aging caused by a shortening of thenose-to-chin distance
◦ Migration of the condyles (seen radiographically)
An appliance can be requested to temporarily increase the VD A temporary removable
appliance in the form of an acrylic occlusal overlay to cover the maxillary teeth
(less interference with the tongue movement)
All the remaining teeth in both arches must contact the prosthesis
◦ If the teeth do not contact the prosthesis, they tend to over erupt to
establish functional contactIFinsufficient reasaining teeth are used to support the
appliance, the supporting teeth can he submerged or depressed to an infraocclusal
position
◦ If physiological response is favourable after several months, and
symptoms disappear, the correction can be instituted
◦ When pernanent treatent begins, it is planned that all restorations are
inserted at the same time

Establishing VDO
◦ Only needed when
1 complete denture opposes partial denture
2 All posterior teeth have been lost (in one or both arches)
3 Can be done by measuring VDR and then subtracting about
2-4 mm (the average amount of freeway space)

Horizontal Jaw Relationships

Centric Relation (CR)
Centric Occlusion (CO)
◦ In more than 90% of people, these do not coincide
◦ CO will always be anterior to the CR by 1 - 2 mm
◦ The RPD patient will function in both positions and the intervening
space.
◦ Deflective occlusal contacts in either position must be avoided
◦ A contact that displaces the tooth.
1 diverts the mandible from is intended movementOr displace the RPD Com
it best seat

Selection of CR or CC
◦ Use CR when the CR and CO position coincide with no evidence of
occlusal pathology
◦ Use CR when the CR and the planned CO position is not clear
◦ Use CR when the posterior teeth are not present
◦ Use CO when the CR and CO position do not coincide and the CO is clear
and the decision has been made to make the restoration in the maximum intercuspal
position

Selection of CR or CO
◦ Use CR when the CR and CO position coincide with no evidence of
occlusal pathology
◦ Use CR when the CR and the planned CO position is not clear
◦ Use CR when the posterior teeth are not present
◦ Use CO when the CR and CO position do not coincide and the CO is clear
and the decision has been made to make the restoration in the maximum intercuspal
position

Influencing the Occlusal Development

◦ The inclination of the condylar guidance
◦ The prominerace of the compensating curve
◦ The inclination of the plane of orientation
◦ The inclination of the incisal guidance
◦ The height of the caspsFor the RID patient, the factors governing the
occlusal patterns are already determined by the existing teeth
◦ The prominence of the compensating curve and the plane of orientation,
◦ Anterior teeth give the incisal guidance and height of cusps
◦ Except
◦ when the RPD is opposed by a complete denture and occlusal harmony is
possible.
◦ or if oniv non-interfering anterior teeth exist in both arches

Establishing Occlusal
Relationships
◦ Articulator Technique
1 Functionally Generated Path Technique

Tooth Loss and Age

Tooth loss and age
- is linked
1 Age goes up. tooth las increases
2 Frequently the last remaining teeth in the arch are the mandibular
anterior tech
◦ it has been suggested that partially conditions are more common in the
inaxillary arch, and that the most common missing teeth are the first and second
molars
• Increase in the need far RIPT's because people are taking care oftheir teeds, and
not losing all

Definition
◦ A Removable Partial Denture is a removable prosthodontic appliance that
replaces one or more, but not all, of the natural teeth and associated oral
structures.
◦ It may be supported in the mouth by the natural dentition.(tooth-borne
removable partial denture)
◦ It may be supported by the natural dentition and mucosa (extension-
based remorable partial denture'
◦ It may be supported by implants
◦ Can be remored from the mouth and replaced at will.
◦ RPD's are not merely mechanical devices that fill spaces. They are
prosthetic restorations that are therapeutic in nature and contribute to the
overall health of the partially edentulous patient.
◦
Levels of RPD Restoration
◦ Temporary (acrylic)
◦ Clasps (wrought wire)
◦ Reinforcing and strengtheners
◦ Heat-cure as cold aure
◦ Basic (chrome frame)
◦ Clasp supported partial
◦ Anchored on natural teeth
◦ Premium (chrome fraune warh C&B)
◦ Individually prepared retaining abutments, crown and bridge,
attachments, implants
◦ Other
◦ Gasket denture

Alternatives to RPD'S

Treatment Options (important for informed consent)

◦ No treatment (on shortened dental arch)
◦ Most patients can function with a shortened dental arch
◦ Requires anterior teeth, plus + occlusal units minimum
◦ Fixed partial denture (bridge)
◦ Requires abutments at opposite ends of edentulous space
◦ More expensive than RPD
◦ Must trim abutment teethCan flex or Fail if span is too long
◦ Implant supported prosthesis
◦ Most costly initially
◦ Closest replacement to natural teeth
◦ Complete denture (if few teeth left)
◦ If replacement of missing teeth is very complex or costly

Indications
◦ When a denture is needed during the rapid bone resorption following
tooth loss
◦ Immediate denture replacing anterior teeth
◦ Accident
◦ Failure of prosthesis

Introduction
Full denture research and deselopment bas surpassed that of
removable partial denture research and improvements.
• Grest advances lave been made in prosthodontics over the
some reasons ali
I- It a sapossible to provide a set desigo and plan to apply to all doe mariables
is partal densures comparod so fill dentures
1 The pursest sod densiss may fred that the rensorable partial
deature m at best = teraporary or transitional rostoration
1* La general, due clactag, sectas to lane a lack of responsibiliry so (tarrer and
desage the restoration belfare hurring is fabricated by

Patient Examination

• Sustemic diseases will effect the stability of the mucosa and underlying bone
Diabetes
• Blood dvscraiasGrowths and neoplasts
◦ History of suspected redical emergenciesHistory of allergic responses
including drug allergies
◦ History of svacape and epileptic seizures
Exacting Type
1 Very apprebensive and demanding - a "know-it-all"
◦ Demands techmical excellenceHighly criticalExpecting too sauch from an
artificial appliance
◦ The patient is very responsive if properly motivated, however, there
will be many adiustinents
◦ Occupation of patient
◦ Cooks - rampant caries
1 Musicians - perfodontal and phonetic problems
◦ Divers - periodontal and respiratory problems
◦ Pilots, air traffic controllers - Bruxism

Denture Space

Check the existing denture space to ensure there is enough room for insertion of an
appliance.
Check vertical dimension with respect to
• Is a loss of vertical dimension evidentIf so, how much freeway space exists
Check for enlarged or bulbous tuberosities
◦ May interfere with insertion and removal of appliance
◦ May reduce denture base coverage for maximum coverage

Purpose
◦ Articulation
◦ Tooth selection
◦ Setup for try in
◦ Registration of land marksa Vertical dimension
◦ Centrie occlasion, centric relation
◦ Occlusal plane
◦ Midline
◦ Cuspid lines
◦ High and lose lip
◦ Contour - fallness of lips and cheeks, buccal corridor
◦ Protrusive

Outline Cast

Covering extent of final denture base

◦ To replace tissue
◦ To support denture
◦ Retention
◦ Mark in sulcas remark 2-3 ram shorter Location of occlusal
rim
◦ Over ridae
◦ Lip support, anterior inclination
◦ Fit of base
◦ Closely adapted, sits sell on ridge, easy to seat and remove
◦ Periphery smooth with no sharp edges, inside and outside
◦ Location of periphery on cast, borders same as denture, not short, no
aver-extensions
◦ Frenum are clear
◦ Limited bulk
◦ Strengthener cover
◦ crisp edges on wax occlusal rim

◦ Aesthetic appearance
◦
◦ Clean cast
◦ Clean wax, no trapped dirt or air bubbles
◦ Polished wax
1 Sunooth, well rounded edges
◦ Tissue side is clean
◦ Contact area on mesial and distal of natural teeth is clean and tidy
Finish
◦ Crisp edges
◦ Clean cast
◦ Clean wax
◦ No trapped dirt, or discolourations
◦ No trapped air bubbles
◦ Shiny wax

Establishing Occlusal
Relationships

Establishing Occlusal Relationships

◦ Must obtain occlusal harmony between the partial denture and the
remaining natural teeth
◦ A major factor in the
1 presertation of the residual ridges
2 Preservation of the abutment teet
◦ Goal is to
◦ provide masticatory efficiency
◦ Aesthetica
◦ Distribute the acchussal load as evenly as possible to all supporting
structures
Balanced contact of opposing posterior teeth in protrusive and functional excursire
position is desired only when opposing a complete dentare or bilateral distal
extension maxillary RPD
• Artificial teeth should not be positioned further distally that the beginning of
the sharp upward incline of the mandibular ridge or the retramolar pad

Failure of Adequate
Occlusion
Primarily a result of
1 Lack of support of the denture base
◦ The fallacy of establishing occlusion to a single static jaw relation
record
◦ An unacceptable occlusal plane