8

Research 1
Quarter 1 - Module 3:
Documenting the
Research Process
RESEARCH I – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Week 3 - Documenting the RESEARCH PROCESS

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Riza B. Abad
Editors: Jonewar Navoa
Reviewers: Meriam T. Abadilla
Layout Artist: Carla L. Kong
Management Team: Ronald G. Gutay, Allan B. Matin-Aw,
Mary Jane J. Powao, Aquillo A. Rentillosa,
Cristina T. Remocaldo, John Jennis Trinidad
ADM Coordinator: Ryan B. Redoblado

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VII Central Visayas

Office Address: Department of Education – Carcar City Division
(Learning Resources Management Section)
P. Nellas St., Poblacion III, Carcar City, Cebu
Telefax: (032) 487-8495
E-mail Address: carcarcitydivision@yahoo.com
 8

Research 1
Quarter 1 - Module 3:
Documenting the
Research Process

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to
our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help
you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this
SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in
this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the guidelines in making a Project Data Logbook. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

Project Data Logbook
1.Definition
2.Parts of the data logbook
3.Guidelines in crafting the logbook
4. Identify the different research forms

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define research.
2. Explain the importance preparing the Project Data Book.
3. Enumerate the different parts of the data logbook.
4. Identify the different types of research forms.

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 What I Know

Read each item carefully and choose the best answer.

1. ___________________are used to record your daily activity from the very first
thing you do in starting the project to the completion of the effort.
a. Project Logbook b. notebook c. notepad d. Samsung notes
2. The ____________variable is the variable the experimenter manipulates or
changes and is assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable.
a. Independent b. dependent c. constant d. experiment
3. The ____________variable is the variable being tested and measured in an
experiment and is 'dependent' on the independent variable.
a. Independent b. dependent c. constant d. experiment
4. A proper protocol dictates on some mistakes in the entry of data.
a. Neatly mark it out using a ruler and ink pen.
b. Initial and date your mark out
c. Write a description in the margin so you and others know why you are “deleting
this information.
d. All of the above
5. The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to
establish facts and reach new conclusions.
a. Research b. Science c. experiment d. quality
6. A research _______________ is a statement of expectation or prediction that will
be tested by research.
a. Hypothesis b. method c. experiment d. choice
7. You need to record everything that happens in your experiment neatly.
a. Data b. constant c. variable d. dependent
8. A__________________ in research simply refers to a person, place, thing, or
phenomenon that you are trying to measure in some way.
a. Variable b. constant c. fixed d. control
9. A _________________is used in research work as a claim that outlines the
problem addressed by a study.
a. Statement of the problem c. dependent
b. Control d. hypothesis
10. A good ________________should address an existing gap in knowledge in the
field and lead to further research.
a. Research problem c. researcher
b. research d. hypothesis

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Lesson Documenting the Research

1 Process: Project Data Logbook

and Research Forms

What’s New

THE PROJECT DATA LOGBOOK

Journals and logbooks are used by researchers and writers in almost every field.
To make note of "what we do as we do it," we keep a record.
To ensure we don't forget what happened on this day, we jot down a quick note.
To remind ourselves later of the affect of this agent on that substance, we document.

A quick look at samples from the over 13,000 pages recorded (often in reverse,
mirror-image cursive) by Leonardo Da Vinci shows the range of materials that can
appear in a notebook - and the ways in which such notes can later be referenced to
track a project or idea. A good journal or lab notebook becomes a historical reference
for projects and can help shape future research.

No matter what size project you are working on, you

want to make a habit of keeping good records. If
treated properly and used diligently, a lab notebook
can make a big difference in the process of putting
together a final project, a report, or a presentation
on results. When you sit down to write up your
project, it will be much easier and less time-
consuming if you have thorough and detailed notes
of every stage of the process rather than relying on
your "memory" of what happened at various points along the way. Every project
differs, so how you approach setting up your book will have a lot to do with your
specific project, what kinds of lab-testing you are doing, how many trials you are
running, how frequently you measure and collect your data, and even what kinds of
background research you are conducting. There are, however, tried and true
practices that can make a difference in how useful your lab notebook is when you
get ready to right up your project

Specifically, after going through this module, you will be able to:
1. Define research and characteristics of a good researcher.
2. Explain the importance of research.
3. Differentiate the goals and purposes of research
4. Explain the characteristics of educational research.

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 What is It

Project logbooks are used to record your daily activity from the very first thing you
do in starting the project (an introduction statement what your project is all about), to
the completion of the effort (including the final results, did your project meets the core
objectives, etc.) Most science project participants use the “Scientific Method” to
conduct their project activity and to record the results into a “Logbook” or journal.
The Logbook will help you organize your thoughts and procedures.

Picking a notebook:
• No sticky notes! A pile of loose paper or sticky notes won't work for a lab
notebook. Use a good quality "bound" notebook, so that pages can't be lost,
shuffled out of order, or pulled loose.
• Page numbers help. Use a notebook with pre-numbered
pages or number the pages yourself. This allows you to easily
reference data on other pages via page number.

Tip: Before you start writing in a new lab notebook, go through and number all pages
in a consistent location (the top right-hand corner, for example).

Organizing your notebook:

• Claim your book. Put your name, address, phone, email, or other contact
information on the first page. It does happen that notebooks and journals get
dropped, accidentally left behind, or lost. A lost lab notebook can be
frustrating and can really set your project behind. If you've included your
contact information, the person who finds your lab notebook can contact you
to give it back.
• Organize as you go. Label the second page of your notebook "Table of
Contents." As you make entries in your lab notebook, write the page numbers
and a description of the experiment or data in the table of contents for easy
reference later.
• Neatness counts. All entries should be neat, legible, and complete. Many
times, you will have to refer to data that you recorded a while ago. You do not
want to be confused by what you wrote because you were in a hurry and
made a sloppy entry.
• Keep it in order. Be sure and date each entry you make in your notebook.
The entries should be sequential, but dating entries is standard practice.
• Beware the smear! Use a smudge-proof pen when making entries. If you
make a mistake in your notebook, simply cross it out and initial below the
crossed-out section.

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When and what to write in your notebook:
• It all counts! Your lab notebook is like a science diary. Write down all of your
hypotheses, questions to look up later, and background research. As you are
working, write down all your experimental observations or thoughts, no matter
how small or insignificant they may seem to you at the time. The little detail
you don't record might be exactly what you need to know later -- or what will
help you answer a teacher or science fair judge's question!
• Who said that? Write down the names, phone numbers, or email addresses
of people you have contacted for your experiment.
• Never leave home without it. Always have your notebook with you when
doing your experiments.
• Start fresh. Open your notebook to a blank page before you start
experimenting during each new lab session. You do not want to start an
experiment and then have to stop because you have nowhere to record data.
• A picture can be worth 1000 words. Draw pictures of your experimental set-
up, experimental results, and so on in your notebook. You can also take
photographs and paste them in your notebook.
• Include the extras. You can add printouts and other documentation. Just
remember to tape or glue in the material in the proper chronological
location. Tip: Add notes describing the attached data so it is clear later "why"
you've included the material.
• Don't wait. Record data right away in your lab notebook. Don't rely on your
memory because you can forget what happened when you performed the
experiment.
• Only in the notebook! Don't be tempted to record data anywhere else but in
your lab notebook. Scraps of paper can be lost along with important data.
• Be thorough. Include enough information about what you are doing so that
you, or someone else, could reproduce your procedure.
• Add it up. Whether you are figuring out how much of a reagent to add or
analyzing your data, make sure to do all your math calculations in your lab
notebook. This way if something goes wrong later, you can go back and
double check to see if you made a simple arithmetic error.
• Don't jump around. If you need to skip pages between entries for a project,
add notes saying where the next entry can be found and where the previous
entry occurs.
• Track edits. If you need to go back to a page to change or correct something,
use a different colored ink and initial and date the changes.

Students are required to have a black marble composition notebook for their
science fair journal.
• Begin each LOG entry on a new page.
• Always start by writing the DATE (and REQUIRED LOG ENTRY #) at the top
of the page. If you work on an entry more than one day, note the dates in the
margin each time you add to the entry. Some of the entries will take up more than
one page and may require several attempts, so complete each entry in the order
presented below.
• Do NOT tear out or delete any pages in your logbook!

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• Write in PEN! Do not erase! Your logbook will not be perfect, and you will make
mistakes! That’s okay! Just draw a single line through the mistake and make a
correction next to it. (I want to see your mistakes and how you went about making
corrections!)
• Write many of notes! It is better to have too much information than not enough.
• Carefully record accurate measurements and write the date and time
whenever making observations. (Mass is measured in grams, volume in liters
or milliliters, and linear measurements in centimeters or meters.)
• Take photographs and video (if possible) during your project. These can be
used as part of your display. Write down who took the pictures and when/where
so you can cite the source on the pictures you use in your display.
• Cite any resources you use.

GUIDELINES FOR SCIENCE FAIR LOGBOOK

LOGBOOK INSTRUCTIONS
What is a LogBook? It is a record of your experiment (like a journal) that is kept
in a composition notebook.

A composition notebook does not have pages that can be torn out. Everything
written in the logbook stays.

What should be in your Logbook? When you begin your experiment, you need
to record the following in your logbook:
1. All of your research prior to choosing your project. (Include all books,
websites, and other sources that you researched)
2. Proposal (each section must be labeled). Make sure that all the corrections from
the original proposal have been made before you copy into logbook.
• The Problem (in the form of a question)
• Hypothesis – written as an if…. then statement.
• Independent Variable
• Control Variable
• Dependent Variable
• List of the all the Materials that you actually use in the experiment. (This
may change slightly from
your original proposal).
• List and number the steps/procedures that you are following for your
experiment.
• Drawings or illustrations- Illustrate the experimental design and work in
progress. Include sketches and diagrams of the setup of your experiment.
3. Data- You need to record everything that happens in your experiment neatly. Use
a ruler to make neat data charts. Be sure to write observations neatly that can be
read by others. Please date all entries when they occur. Include photos and drawing
if it helps show what has occurred.
• If you run into problems, record the problem and how you plan to solve the problem
in your Logbook. Research possible solutions. If it doesn’t solve the problem, come
up with a new plan and try that.
• Include question and ideas for further experiments or questions for your teacher.

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4. Explain in a few sentences the reasons why you choose this topic for your
experiment. What about this subject interests you? Your logbook will be graded on
how much of the above criteria are included in
your logbook.

LOGBOOK CHECKLIST
_________ The Problem (in the form of a question)
_________ Hypothesis (written as an if…. then statement).
_________ Independent Variable (only one)
_________ Control Variable (must include at least four)
_________ Dependent Variable (what is measured)
_________ List of the all the Materials that you actually use in the experiment.
(This may change slightly from your original proposal).
_________ List and number the steps/procedures that you are following for your
experiment. Put in number format.
_________ Drawings or illustrations- Illustrate the experimental design and work in
progress. Include sketches and diagrams of the setup of your experiment.
_________ Data- You need to record everything that happens in your experiment
neatly. Use a ruler to make neat data charts. Be sure to write observations neatly that
can be read by others. Please date all entries when they occur. Include photos and
drawing if it helps show what has occurred.

TASK: In your JOURNAL DATA LOGBOOK: Accomplish initially the checklist

with check marked items on the list on your prepared Data Logbook. Example:
The Problem (question) must be written in the Problem statement section of
your data logbook.

Keeping a Logbook or Journal is VITALLY important to science research whether

you are a research scientist or a first-time science fair participant.

The logbook is:

• the core of the project
• a detailed account of EVERY phase of your project from brainstorming about
topics, collecting data, and drawing conclusions
• proof that certain activities occurred and documents when they happened
• subject to scrutiny by your teachers, judges, scientific community and are
even acceptable evidence in a court of law

This is why it is important to keep it as you go and to make sure it is written in

your own handwriting and not in a computer where it can be modified and
falsified.

Important Points for Documenting Your Work:

1. Use a durable black and white composition book. Do not use a spiral- it
will not hold up the rigor needed. Also, pages can be easily removed with no
evidence of them being torn out, which means papers can be lost.

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 2. Label your logbook with your name, phone number, email address, and
teacher's name in a prominent location. (Put this in a place where you can
NEATLY cover it up for the competition!) Make logbook entries in PEN not
in pencil. This is a permanent record of all of your activities associated with
your project.
3. Number the pages in your logbook before using it, unless already
numbered for you.
4. Always date every entry, just like a journal. Entries should be brief and
concise. Full sentences are not required.
5. if anything, would I do differently next time? What part of the experiment could
be changed to improve the experimental procedure?
6. Always include any changes made to procedures, mishaps, failures, or
mistakes. As human beings, all of us make mistakes.
7. Include any and all observations made during your experiment. In other
words, record ALL data directly in your journal. If that is not possible, then
staple photocopies of data in the journal. Remember, keeping up a great
logbook throughout the entire duration of the science project really pays off
later! Not only will a nicely maintained logbook impress your teacher and the
judges at the fair, it will also help you stay out of trouble later when you need
to look back and provide details of what you did.
8. What happens when I travel down the wrong path, and I don’t want the
“Stuff” in my logbook? Proper protocol dictates that you…
1. Neatly mark it out using a ruler and ink pen.
2. Initial and date your mark out
3. Write a description in the margin so you and others know why
you are "deleting this information."
4. NEVER ERASE!!!!!

Keeping a lab notebook is easy! The most important thing to do is to "use" your lab
notebook.

Figure 1. There are many

styles of lab notebooks
available for students,
professionals, and
research teams.

Choosing a Laboratory Notebook

There are many kinds of lab notebooks available, ranging from official lab notebooks
to makeshift notebooks. The following table offers a summary of different types of
notebooks and notes regarding for which users each type works best.

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 Types of Lab
Description Recommended For
Notebooks

A bound spine (not spiral binding)

makes it difficult for pages to be easily • Students: K-
torn out and lost. Hard covers make 5
Bound composition
the book even more durable, but a soft • Students:
notebook
or cardboard cover will work too. Middle
Composition books are easy to find at school
local stores and are inexpensive.

Official lab notebooks often include

useful and convenient features like a
• Students: K-
designated area for creating a table of
5
contents and numbered pages for
• Students:
easy cross-referencing. Official
Middle
laboratory notebooks may also include
Official laboratory school
quick reference materials like the
notebook • Students:
periodic table, metric conversions, or
High school
an amino acid codon table. With high-
and beyond
quality, hard-to-tear paper, these
• Citizen
notebooks are generally rugged and
scientists
designed to stand up to lots of
handling.

• Research
Duplicate style lab notebooks are a
teams: K-12
subset of the official lab notebooks
and beyond
style with the added feature of
Duplicate style lab • Citizen
carbonless duplicate sets. This format
notebook scientists
is ideal for keeping the originals and
• Lab partners
giving copies to research partners or a
• Teachers
teacher.
and students

Lab notebooks can also be kept using

software or an online tool. Electronic
lab notebooks are simple to organize
• Research
and make it easy to share data with
teams: K-12
other scientists (or a teacher).
and beyond
Electronic lab Electronic lab notebooks are becoming
• Citizen
notebook more common in the professional
scientists
world and for citizen science
• Teachers
collaborations but are not yet common
and students
for science and engineering
fairs. Students should check with their
teachers before using this lab

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 Types of Lab
Description Recommended For
Notebooks

notebook method.

While nice, an official lab notebook is not always necessary. A bound notebook or
standard composition book will often work. Look for a notebook with lined or graph-
paper style pages and a stiff cover. Do not choose an ordinary spiral-bound
notebook. The pages are too easy to rip out and lose, especially if the notebook has
perforated pages!

TAKE NOTE! YOU WILL USE THE BOUND COMPOSITION NOTEBOOK ( BIG
NOTEBOOK)

Science Fair Logbook

Whether you are a research student or a first-time science fair student, a logbook is a
crucial part of any research project. It is a detailed account of every phase of your
project, from the initial brainstorming to the final research report. The logbook is
proof that certain activities occurred at specific times. Here are a few pointers that
are easy to follow. They should help keep you organized, and certainly will impress
any science fair judge. It’s a great opportunity to show off all your hard work!

Important Notes:
• Use a hard-bound notebook or composition book like the one you see above.
• NEVER use pencil! Use a blue or black ink pen only.
• NEVER erase or use white-out! If mistakes occur, mark it out with ONE neat
line.
• NEVER tear a page out of your logbook!
• NEVER redo something to make it neater. Neatness isn’t important. Getting
your thoughts and data recorded is the important part of the project.
• NEVER place loose papers in the logbook. They are easily lost.
• ALWAYS date every entry every time you make research notes or an entry in
your logbook.
• ALWAYS use the metric system when measuring or recording amounts.
Example: Use centimeters, meters, milliliters, liters NOT inches, feet, cups,
or gallons.

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Logbook Set-Up:
1. Label the front cover of the composition book with the following information:
a. Your first and last name
b. Eagle’s Landing Middle School
c. 295 Tunis Drive, McDonough, GA. 30253
d. (770) 914-8189
e. Teacher Name
2. Leave the first page blank for your table of contents. This page will be the
last thing you complete for your logbook after all entries have been made.
3. After the table of contents, number the remaining pages of the logbook.
4. Use tabs to separate the sections of your logbook.
Logbook Sections:
1. Deadline Schedule: Glue this schedule onto page 1 of your logbook. It will
help keep you on track with due dates.
2. Background Research: Include all notes taken while researching in the media
center or online. This information will be used to write your research report.
You should also record the source information for your works cited page. Do
this for EVERY website, book, encyclopedia, magazine, or interview that you
use for information. A minimum of 5 sources is required for this project. You
must follow proper citation format (see sample section for guidelines).
3. Problem Statement: Write the research question you have in statement form.
The problem statement is the entire purpose for doing your research and
completing your experiment.
4. Hypothesis: After conducting research, write a hypothesis for what you think
the answer to the research question is going to be. It is an “educated” guess
in the form of a statement.
5. Experimental Setup: Include in this section:
a. Materials: Make a DETAILED list of all materials you will be using in
the experiment. Be specific! For example, if you will be watering
plants, you should list the EXACT amount of water you will use.
b. Procedures: Make a NUMBERED step-by-step list of everything you
will do in the experiment. Your procedures and materials should be so
complete that someone could take your logbook and do the same
exact experiment.
6. Variables: This section should include the independent variable, the
dependent variable, all constants, and the control if it applies. See your
science fair packet for a description of each of the terms.
7. Data Collection: Remember to date every entry!!! Your detailed observations
made throughout the experiment should be recorded in this section. This
includes data collected, what you are doing, AND what you
see/smell/hear/feel. Be VERY specific about everything going on in the
experiment. See the sample page to get an idea of how it should look.
8. Results: Include pictures you have taken throughout the experiment, data
tables created to organize your data, charts and graphs, and a summary of
the data.
9. Analysis/Conclusion: Using your data, discuss the outcome of the
experiment. Did your data support your hypothesis? Did it not support your
hypothesis? How do you know?

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 10. Reflections: What would you do differently next time? What part of the
experiment could be changed to improve the procedures? How could you
extend your research?

Sample logbook pages:

Sample Research Entry Sample Materials & Procedures Page

Sample Data Collection Page Sample Results Page with Organized Data

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 What’s More

DAILY NOTES AND BACKGROUND RESEARCH

DATE DATA ENTRY
1/1/2018 Write down data entries on all things that you have done on a particular
day. Start with a Scientific Proposal. This daily notes and background
research will be reflected on your Project Data Logbook. You will also
include the items needed to accomplish initially the items with check
mark on your Data logbook checklist.
11/4/2020

Note: You will submit your project data logbook every 15th and 30th day of the
month.

What I Have Learned

On a 1/2 sheet crosswise. Write the different things that you learned in this
module as you are about to create initially your PROJECT DATA LOGBOOK.
Make at least 20 sentences summarizing the important things that this module
is talking about.

What I Can Do

Start crafting your research proposal. Everything that you do as you start
making the proposal put everything into writing with the respective dates on
your Project Data Logbook. Your Data Logbook will be submitted every 15 th
and 30th of the MONTH for checking and updating the progress of your
Proposal.

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 Assessment

Direction: Read and understand each item and choose the letter of your answer.

1. A prescribed notebook used in making data logbook.

a. Composition b. binder c. notepad d. spiral
2. What contains the cover of the logbook?
a. name, phone number, email address, and teacher's name.
b. name, phone number, mothers name and school.
c. name, phone number, email address, school, and teacher's name.
d. none of the above
3. The data entries of the logbook should be ___________.
a. Complete sentence c. Direct sentence
b. Brief and concise d. Indirect sentence
4. A section of the logbook that keeps you track with the schedule.
a. Background research c. Hypothesis
b. Deadline schedule d. Problem statement
5. A. step-by-step list of everything you will do in the experiment
a. Instructions c. Procedure
b. Bucket list d. Recipe
6. Your detailed observations made throughout the experiment should be
recorded in this section.
a. Archive c. Files
b. Data Collection d. Documents
7. Discuss the outcome of the experiment and answers the ff. questions: Did
your data support your hypothesis? Did it not support your hypothesis? How
do you know?
a. Analysis and conclusion c. Data Collection
b. Hypothesis d. Reflection
8. The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order
to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
a. Research b. Science c. experiment d. quality
9. Research _______________ is a statement of expectation or prediction that
will be tested by research.
a. Hypothesis b. method c. experiment d. choice
10. A Proper protocol dictates on some mistakes in the entry of data.
a. Never Erase
b. Use pencil
c. Underline the wrong word with red pen
d. Do not do anything on a mistaken word.

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 Answer Key

What I Know

1. a
2. a
3. b
4. d
5. a
6. a
7. a
8. a
9. a
10. a

Assessment

1. A
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A

What’s More / What I Have Learned / What I Can Do

Answers may vary

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References
WEBSITES:
 https://www.smartcompetition.org/compete/project-log-book/
 https://sciencing.com/how-to-make-a-science-fair-project-journal-
12743533.html
 https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-fair/laboratory-
notebooks-stem
 https://sites.google.com/a/g.coppellisd.com/scienceclub-west/science-fair/sf-
students/journal-instructions
 https://www.sciencebuddies.org/blog/lab-notebooks
 https://classroom.synonym.com/write-logbook-science-project-6330131.html

BOOKS:
Adelaida B, Almeida, Ed.D ( 2016) et.al.Research Fundamentals.Quezon City.
ADRIANA PUBLISHING CO. , INC.
Ary, D.,Jacobs, L., & Razavieh, A. (2002). Introduction to Research in Education 6 th
Edition . Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.

For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

DepEd Division of Carcar City
Office Address: P. Nellas St. Pob. III, Carcar City, Cebu
Telephone: (032) 4877561; ( 032) 2604742
mail Address:carcarcitydivision@yahoo.com.ph

Prepared by: RIZA B. ABAD

ONHS- TIII ( SCIENCE)

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