Research 1

Quarter 1 – Module 7
Formulating the
Hypothesis

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Research 1 – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Formulating the Hypothesis

First Edition, 2021

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Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 7
Formulating the Hypothesis

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
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Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in
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Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with what you have in mind. It will help you
master the Dimensions of holistic research. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module discusses about:

Lesson 1: Formulating the Hypothesis

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define hypothesis
2. know the two types of hypothesis
3. formulate hypothesis

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the BEST answer. Write the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. ________ is a statement of expectation or prediction that will be tested by

research.
A. Hypothesis B. Variable C. Experiment

2. ________ is the variable that the experimenter/researcher manipulates or

changes, and is assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable.
A. Independent Variable
B. Dependent Variable
C. Alternative Variable

3. ________ is the variable being tested and measured in an experiment, and is

“dependent” on the independent variable.
A. Independent Variable
B. Dependent Variable
C. Alternative Variable

4. _______ is a hypothesis that states that there is a relationship between the two
variables being studied.
A. Alternative Hypothesis B. Dependent Hypothesis C. Null Hypothesis

5. _______ is a hypothesis that states that there is no relationship between the two
variables being studied.
A. Alternative Hypothesis B. Dependent Hypothesis C. Null Hypothesis

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 What’s In

Identify whether the first statement is a cause or an effect of the second

statement. Write C if it is a cause and E if it is an effect.

_____ A low pressure area off Luzon Rains may stir across large
1. has intensified into a tropical swaths of the country
depression

_____ Global average see level has Glacier ice and polar caps are
2. risen about 7-8 inches melting faster for the past
decade

_____ Traffic build up was observed DPDW conducted repairs

3. during off-work hours along along España Boulevard
España Boulevard

_____ The rate of transmission of Selected areas were placed

4. COVID-19 keeps getting under modified enhanced
higher in certain areas of the community quarantine
country

_____ The heavy rain continued to Landslides occurred in

5. pour down for a week now certain parts of city near the
mountain sides

What’s New

Given the following situations on the left, predict a possible outcome or effect.

1. The water level of Dam X continues to

go down below its normal water level.
Drought was felt for more than 3 months
already and rain is not experienced
throughout the period. Dam X is
supplying rice irrigations of 10
municipalities in Province Z.

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 2. Two tomato plants were placed in two
different spots. Tomato A was placed in
an area where it receives atleast 6
hours of sunlight. Tomato B was placed
inside a room without any amount of
sunlight received. Each plant were
given equal amount of water.

3. Typhoon Fabian continues to enhance

the southwest monsoon. Fabian was
last spotted 510 kilometers northeast of
Batanes, packing maximum sustained
winds of 150 km per hour and gusts of
up to 185 kph.

What is It

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

A research hypothesis (plural: hypotheses) is a statement of expectation or

prediction that will be tested by research. It is a scientific guess that will be proved true
or false through the conduct of the study. It describes in concrete terms what you
expect will happen in your study. It is in the conclusion of a research paper that the
hypothesis will be declared as true or not.

The hypothesis is a prediction, but involves more than a guess. Most of the time, the
hypothesis begins with a question which is then explored through background
research. It is only at this point that researchers begin to develop a testable hypothesis.

A hypothesis is a precise, testable statement of what the researcher/s predict will be

the outcome of the study. It is stated at the start of the study.

This usually involves proposing a possible relationship between two variables: the
independent variable (what the researcher changes) and the dependent variable (what
the researcher measures).

A variable refers to a person, place, thing, or phenomenon that you are trying to
measure in some ways.
Independent Variable – the variable that the experimenter/researcher
manipulates or changes, and is assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent
variable.
Example: the amount of water given to plants (independent variable) affects
the growth of plants (dependent variable)

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Dependent Variable – the variable being tested and measured in an experiment,
and is “dependent” on the independent variable.
Example: the power output in a solar panel (dependent variable) depends
on the angle of placement of the solar cell (independent variable)

TYPES OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

There are two types of research hypothesis – null and alternative hypothesis.
Null Hypothesis (H0) – states that there is no relationship between the two variables
being studied. It means that one variable does not affect the other. There will be no
changes in the dependent variable due to the manipulation of the independent
variable.
Example: • There is no significant difference between age and mathematical
ability.
• Taking aspirin daily does not affect heart attack risk.
• Cats express no food preference based on color.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1) – states that there is a relationship between the two
variables being studied. It means that one variable has an effect on the other. This
predicts what change/s will take place in the dependent variable when the
independent variable is manipulated.
Example: • There is a significant difference between study habits and math
performance.
• Age affects the number of hours spent in social media apps.
• There is a relationship between plant growth and amount of sunlight

FORMULATING A RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

In many cases, researchers might draw a hypothesis from a specific theory or build on
previous research. In other instances, researchers may look at commonly held beliefs
or folk wisdom.

Before coming up with a hypothesis, spend more time doing background research.
Once you’ve read related articles and studies of your chosen topic, start thinking of
gaps or potential questions that you still have. Think of the things that you feel is lacking
on those researches or things that you want to dig dipper. Always remember that your
hypothesis must be testable or can be tested.

To help formulate an effective research hypothesis, you should ask yourself the
following questions:
• Is the language clear and focused?
• What is the relationship between your hypothesis and your research topic?
• Is your hypothesis testable? If yes, then how?
• What are the possible explanations that you might want to explore?
• Does your hypothesis include both an independent and dependent variable?
• Can you manipulate your variables without hampering the ethical standards?

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A testable hypothesis is not a simple statement. It is rather an intricate statement that
needs to offer a clear introduction to a scientific experiment, its intentions, and the
possible outcomes.

What’s More

Identify whether the following hypotheses are null or alternative hypothesis.

Write H0 if it is a null hypothesis and H1 if it is an alternative hypothesis.
_____ 1. Gender does not affect preferred holiday.
_____ 2. There is no significant difference in the pre-test and post-test scores of
Grade 8 students in Science.
_____ 3. The scores of Class X is significantly higher than of Class Y.
_____ 4. There is no relationship between reading comprehension test scores and
problem-solving test scores of high school students.
_____ 5. A positive relationship exists between the patients’ age and their sugar
level.

What I Have Learned

Given an independent and a dependent variable, formulate a null and an

alternative hypothesis.

1. Independent Variable: The amount of phone use before bed

Dependent Variable: Number of hours of sleep

Null Hypothesis:
___________________________________________________________________
Alternative Hypothesis:
___________________________________________________________________

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2. Independent Variable: The type of light(natural light – sunlight and artificial light
– fluorescent) the tomato plant is grown under
Dependent Variable: The growth rate of tomato plant

Null Hypothesis:
___________________________________________________________________
Alternative Hypothesis:
___________________________________________________________________

3. Independent Variable: The type of soda you drink (diet or regular)

Dependent Variable: Your blood sugar level

Null Hypothesis:
___________________________________________________________________
Alternative Hypothesis:
___________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Given the following research questions, identify the independent variable and
the dependent variable. Formulate your own research hypothesis after.

1. Is your test score in Math related to the number of hours of sleep?

Independent Variable:
_______________________________________________________
Dependent Variable:
_______________________________________________________
Hypothesis:
_______________________________________________________

2. Does caffein affect your appetite?

Independent Variable:
_______________________________________________________
Dependent Variable:
_______________________________________________________
Hypothesis:
_______________________________________________________

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3. Do Brand A paper towel and Brand B paper towel differ regarding their amount of
liquid absorbed?

Independent Variable:
_______________________________________________________
Dependent Variable:
_______________________________________________________
Hypothesis:
_______________________________________________________

Assessment
Choose the letter of the BEST answer. Write the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. ________ is a precise, testable statement of what the researcher/s predict will be

the outcome of the study.
A. Research B. Hypothesis C. Variable D. Experiment
2. ________ refers to a person, place, thing, or phenomenon that you are trying to
measure in some ways.
A. Research B. Hypothesis C. Variable D. Experiment
3. The variable that the experimenter/researcher manipulates or changes, and is
assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable.
A. Independent Variable C. Null Hypothesis
B. Dependent Variable D. Alternative Hypothesis
4. The variable being tested and measured in an experiment, and is affected by the
independent variable.
A. Independent Variable C. Null Hypothesis
B. Dependent Variable D. Alternative Hypothesis
5. The following are examples of independent variables in a plant experiment except
_________.
A. amount of sunlight C. plant growth
B. soil composition D. amount of water
6. The following are examples of dependent variables in a plant experiment except
_________.
A. plant species C. number of leaves per week
B. amount of harvest D. growth of the plant
7. The hypothesis that states that there is no relationship between the two variables
being studied. It means that one variable does not affect the other.
A. Independent Variable C. Null Hypothesis
B. Dependent Variable D. Alternative Hypothesis

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8. The hypothesis that states that there is a relationship between the two variables
being studied. It means that one variable has an effect on the other.
A. Independent Variable C. Null Hypothesis
B. Dependent Variable D. Alternative Hypothesis
9. Two groups of LED bulbs and regular light bulbs were compared to know which of
them consumes the lesser power. Which is the dependent variable?
A. LED bulbs C. Regular bulb
B. Two groups D. Power consumption
10. Two groups of LED bulbs and regular light bulbs were compared to know which of
them consumes the lesser power. What will be the null hypothesis?
A. There is a significant difference between LED and regular light bulb’s power
consumption.
B. LED bulbs and regular light bulbs consumes the same power.
C. LED bulbs consume lesser power than regular light bulbs.
D. Regular light bulbs consume lesser power than LED bulbs.

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What’s More Assessment
1. H0 1. B
2. H1 2. C
3. H1 3. A
4. H0 4. B
5. H1 5. C
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. B
What’s In What I Know
1. C 1. A
2. E 2. A
3. E 3. B
4. C 4. A
5. C 5. C
Answer Key
 References:
Cherry, K. (2020). Forming a Good Hypothesis for Scientific Research. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-hypothesis-2795239
Conjointly.com (n.d.). Hypothesis. Retrieved from
https://www.conjointly.com/kb/hypotheses-explained/
Helmenstine, A. M. (2019). Null Hypothesis Examples. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/null-hypothesis-examples-609097
:
McLeod, S. (2018). What is a hypothesis? Retrieved from
https://www.simplypsychology.org/what-is-a-hypotheses.html
McLeod, S. (2019). What are Independent and Dependent Variables? Retrieved from
https://www.simplypsychology.org/variables.html
Thomas, L. (2020). Independent and dependent variables. Retrieved from
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/independent-and-dependent-variables/

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Carcar City Division (Learning Resources

Management Section)

P. Nellas St., Poblacion III, Carcar City , Cebu, Philippines 6019

Tel. No. 4878495

Email Address : carcarcitydivision@yahoo.com

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