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  • HOW TO ESTIMATE THE COST OF A POST-TENSION SLAB-ON-GRADE Frank Haas DATE WRITTEN - MAY OF PDF

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    HOW TO ESTIMATE THE COST OF A POST-TENSION SLAB-ON-GRADE Frank Haas DATE WRITTEN - MAY OF PDF

    Uploaded by

    Rose Anne Registrado

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    HOW TO ESTIMATE THE COST OF A POST-TENSION SLAB-ON-GRADE Frank Haas DATE WRITTEN: MAY OF 2005 AUTHOR PAGE The author is Frank Haas, curently a freelance Estimator and owner of Hoas Estimating Service, an estimating consuling service in Houston, Texas specializing in multi-family projects. In addition to his recent organization of Haas Estimating Service, Frank has been estimating in the multifamily industry for over twelve years serving as Senior Estimator, Estimator and Project Manager with companies such os Faireld Development, Corbon Development, C.F. Jordan and Greystar Development and Construction. His duties incided the development of estimating systems to assist in completing material toke-offs of mulfamily projects ond the use ofthese systoms to compile complete estimates for various mull family projects. He has worked in the multifomily market in Dallas ‘end Houston, Texas as well as working on mulifamily projets all over the United States. He earned a BS in Construction Management from Texas A&M University in 1989. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) Introduction Main CSI Divisions * Bcf description 2) Type and metheds of measurements 3) Factors that may affect takeoff and pricing * Effect of small quontiies versus large quantities + Elect of geographical location + Season effet on the work 4) Overview of labor, equipment, material and indirect costs 5) Special rsk consideration 4) Ratios and analysis tools o tes the bid 7) Miscellaneous pertinent information 8) Sample Sketch 9) Sample takeoff ond pricing 10). References Introduction PostTensioning is a mathod of reinforcing concrete by steel cables, housed in plastic sheathing placed in the slob. These cobles or fendons, os they are referred fo, ore sressed to 0 specified force alter the concrete reaches the specified strength. Presttessing concrete has internal stresses or forces induced into it during he constuction phase for counteracting the anticipated external loads tha it will encounter during the struclure life. Some ofthe construction uses for posttensioning 16 @ Estimating Today ‘ore office and apartment buildings, parking garages, slab-on- ‘grade, bridges, sport stadiums and water tanks. In most cases, postensioning is the only possible solution with site constraints or orchitectural requirements. Larger spacing between tendons, less reinforcement stel required and reduction of cracking (whore there are expansive clays of sols with low bearing copocity] are among some of the edvantages to using postiension slab-on-grade construction Main CSI Division - Division 3 - Concrete (03050 Basie Concrete Material and Methods 03100 Concrete Forms and Accessories (03200 Concrete Reinforcement 03210 Reinforcing Stee! 03230 Stressing Tendons 03250 Post Tensioning 03300 Castin-Ploce Concrete 03310 Structural Concrete 03350 Concrete Finishing 03380 Pos-Tensioned Concrete The pasttension slabongrade foundation is @ foundation, placed directly on the ground using posttension cables to overcome the compression force ofthe structure. The foundation includes components such as reinforcement lee, post tension tendons, vapor barrier, concrete accessories {anchor bolts) ond concrete. TYPES AND METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS There are four major categories of a postension slob-ongrade ‘estimate. Each of these catagories requires a diferent type of method of measurement. These coteg * Grode beam excavation + Formwork * Post Tension Reinforcoment '* Concrete. The standrd measurement for grade beam excavation (trenching) is cubic yards [eyd].. The formula for caleulating ‘yds of eoncrato is: (LxW xD) / 27 L= Length of Beam W = Widih of Bear D = Depth of Beam The standard measurement of concrete formwork is square foe! of contact area (SFCA). This isthe way that labor is applied to formwork. If formwork isto be built out of wood, then the quantity needs to be converted to board foot [8 for pricing The forma for colevleting SFCA is: LxW L= Length of Forms H = Height of Forms To convert to BF take SFCA x 2.85 The standard measurement for posttension tendons is linear footage [Il], ond then converted to pounds. The formule for calculating weight of cables required is {count x length x 62) count = count of fendons of e specified length -82 is the weight of tendon assembly including the sheathing and anchors The standard measurement for concrete is cubic yard yd). The formula for calculating eyds i: cw xi] / 27 I= length in feet w = nominal width feet t= nominal thickness in inches FACTORS THAT MAY EFFECT TAKE-OFF AND PRICING Effest of Small quantities vs. large quant Larger projects alow for repeated use of form materials, thus significanly reducing the overall cost ofthe project. Ifthe project has several similar buildings then the learning curve of forming, placement of ste! and placement of concrete will be greater, thus increasing your production, thus decreasing your labor cost ofthe foundation. The size ofthe project does net have a direct impact onthe cost of the posttonsion tendons. Effect on geographical location Ifthe projects in o coastal region, then there is « code requirement fo use encapsulated posttension fendons to them from the coleium deposits from the overepray of the ocean. In some ports ofthe country, the grade beam must go past the fros line causing the depth ofthe beam to increase, thus adding addiional labor and material cost. Clayed soils with the potential to shrink or swell are a major factor forthe use of posttensioned slabs. Texas, Louisiana and California are cemong the states withthe highest concentration of clayed soils The presence of rock can significanly increase the cost ofthe excavation ofthe grade beams. Heavier equipment such os rack trenchers may be required to excavate the beams. Under extrome conditions, the use of blasting done by specialized subcontractors is required, which will significanly increase the cost ofthe project. Seasonal effect on work In colder climates, the cost of cancrole is higher due tothe nead by the ready mix companies to heat the aggregates and water prior to the batching ofthe concrete. The temperature of concrete as ts placed inthe forms should be inthe range of 50 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. When the temperature of concrete is between 30 and 40 deg Fahrenkot, the water, sand cond aggregates need to be heated up by the ready mix company. This procedure can be very expansive and the plant noeds to be of close proximity o the project. Chemical cedmixiures known as accelerators may be vsed to shorten the salting time of the concrete. Calcium chloride, whichis the most ‘common accelerator used in concrete construction, should not be used in posttension slabongrade due to its corrosive properties. Other precautions can be made a the job ste such {8 covering the excavation with saw to keep the ground temperature above freezing prior tothe placement of the concrete or the placement of insulation blankets or saw over the concrete ater the placement and finishing process is complete to keep the concrete af « constant temperature while curing In warmer climates, the use of admixtures can be used to slow down the hydration process of the concrete. Walerreducing ‘gents ore helpulithey do not interfere with the sength of the concrete. Several factors influence the rate of affect the rote of ‘evaporation and thus the strength ofthe concrete. These factors core concrete temperature, ai temperatute, relative humicity and wind velocity. These conditions should be monitor and recorded during the placement of concrete during hot weather. Allo these facors should be considered in estimating post. tension slab-on-grade foundations in adverse climate conditions ‘OVERVIEW OF LABOR, MATERIAL, EQUIPMENT, INDIRECT COST There are four basic ypes of postensioned systems: Type | - Unroinforced Type ugh reinforced agains! hinkoge and omperctie cracking Type lil Reinforced and stiffened. Type IV ~ Structural (elevated). This report will cover Type I posttension slabon-grade systoms with un-bonded tendons. The tendons discussed in the report will be seven wire Yeinch tendons with a capacity of 270 kip per square inch {kips). In order to get a clear understanding of the entire posttansionslab-on-grade system, this report will not ‘only cover the basics forthe posttension system, but will cover the components around that system such at excavation, formwork, conereto placement and finishing. Thi roport will not cover any grading ofthe site or layout of building corners, which are typically done by other contractors Prior to preparation of an estimate on posttensionslab-on grade, itis important to get « clear understanding ofthe soi investigation report. Most sites will have o minimum of one boring done for each building. All boring will be a minimum of fifteen (15) feet unless unweathered rock or shale is encountered ato leser depth. This report will give you the following information Estimating Today 17 Types of sol in the oreo If clay moterals ore found in the

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