Part 1.

Define the following terms:

a. Concrete is a proportioned mixture of cement, aggregate and water. It is a plastic mass which can be cast, molded or
formed into predetermined size or shape

b. Reinforced concrete

is a combination of traditional cement concrete with reinforcements (steel bar). This combination is made to use the
compressive strength of concrete and tensile strength of steel at the same time, hence, work together to resist many
types of loading. The term reinforced is used because the steel reinforces the concrete and makes it an even stronger
construction material.

c. Fine aggregates

Fine aggregates generally consist of natural sand or crushed stone with most particles passing through a 3/8-inch sieve

d. Coarse aggregates

Coarse aggregates are any particles greater than 0.19 inch, but generally range between 3/8 and 1.5 inches in diameter.

e. Water

Water is one of the most important elements in construction and is required for the preparation of mortar, mixing of
cement concrete and for curing work etc. The quality of water used has a direct impact on the strength of the motor and
cement concrete in the construction work.

f. Lightweight concrete

It is a mixture made with lightweight coarse aggregates such as shale, clay, or slate, which give it its characteristic low
density.

g. Heavy weight concrete

Heavyweight concrete is principally used for radiation shielding, counterweights and other applications where higher
density is desired. Except for density, the physical properties of heavyweight concrete are similar to those of normal - or
conventional- weight concrete.

h. Plain reinforcement

Round reinforcement bars or round rebars are also known as plain reinforcing bars (PRB).

They’re straight, solid metal rods that have a plain, circular cross-section. They don’t have bends or deformations and
have smooth surfaces.

Round rebars come in a wide range of lengths and sizes. It is often used when creating ligatures or applying rebar dowels
to structures or projects, as well as to reinforce other bars, and separate mesh in the concrete.

i. Deformed bars

Deformed reinforcement bars or deformed rebars come in different shapes. It can take the form of helical bars or
corrugated steel. The deformations being referred to are the ridges, indentations, or protrusions that they feature. These
ridges or indentations allow the concrete to grip the bars more effectively, making it less likely for the bars to slip once
they have been set in the concrete.
Part 2. Answer the following questions that are related to the topics presented above:

1. What is the title of the structural code that came out last in the year 1972?

National Structural Code for Buildings

2. What was the acronym of the code that came out in 1987?

NSCP

3. Write the edition of the NSCP 2001.

5TH EDITION

4. What edition if the NSCP 2015?

7TH EDITION

5. In what year this the first edition of the structural code came out?

1972

6. Who is the author of the structural code in our country?

Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc.

7. Earthquake provisions adopted from UBC 1997. What does UBC stand for?

UNIFORM BUILDING CODE

8. Wind provisions were also adopted from ASCE 7-05..What is ASCE?

American Society of Civil Engineers

9. Reinforced concrete provisions in our structural code were also adopted from ACI

318-08. What is ACI?

American Concrete Institute

For steel and iron, provisions in the code were adopted from AISC 05 and AISI S100-2007. What is

10..AISC and

American Institute for Steel Construction

11. AISI ?

American Iron and Steel Institute

12. What is the new occupancy category for school buildings, hospitals and evacuation centers?

essential facilities category

13. What do you call that earthquake recording instrument that must be installed in buildings as required by the the
NSCP 2010?

ACCELEROGRAPH

14. What is the new I, Importance factor for essential facilities in the NSCP 2010?

1.50
15. What was the old value of this importance factor, I in NSCP 2001?

1.25

16. In NSCP 2010, what zone does Isabela belong?

ZONE 1

17. How about Palawan, what zone does it belong in the wind map of NSCP 2010?

ZONE 3

18.. What is Kd symbol in the computation of the wind velocity pressure?

wind directionality factor

19. What do you call Na, Nv, Ca and Cv which are used to determine earthquake forces acting on structures?

Near Source Factors

Our structures in the country are always designed for

20. What greatest intensity ? and

Intensity VIII

21. what greatest magnitude?

Magnitudes greater than 7

22. In the design of steel structures, LRFD was adopted in NSCP 2010. What is LRFD?

Load and Resistance Factor Design

23. what is that method which was retained as an alternative method?

Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

24. In NSCP 2010, a section on wood or timber design was added for MGL. What is MGL?

Machine Graded Lumber

25. What was the largest wind velocity being considered in NSCP 2010?

250 kph

26. In NSCP 2015, what is the largest wind velocity that must be used in the design buildings in the country? (to the
nearest hundred kph only)

340 kph

27. Can we use 80mm as minimum cover of steel reinforcement if concrete is cast permanently on earth?

No. The minimum cover shall be 75mm.

28. For slabs, what is the minimum concrete cover in mm?

The minimum required cover thickness for slab reinforcement usually ranges between 20 and 30 mm depending on the
environmental conditions present throughout the building's service life. The 20 mm would apply to a dry climate and the
30 mm to a seaside location.

29. Which will give greater moment in a part of a continuous beam, is it

A. when the beam is loaded with factored live load on all the spans?

B. when the beam is loaded with live load on alternate spans?

30. What is the single bar equivalent diameter of four 20mm diameter bars?

10

31. Can we bundle 2-32mm diameter bars? yes or no?

YES

32. Why ? for your answer in no. 31.

The maximum allowable to bundle is 32mm.

33. Can we also bundle 2-36mm diameter bars? yes or no

NO

34. Why? For your answer in no. 33.

Bars larger than 32 mm shall not be bundled in beams. Since spacing limitations and minimum concrete cover
of most members are based on a single bar diameter db bundled bars shall be treated as single bar of
diameter derived from the equivalent total area.
35. The clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer can also 30mm as per NSCP

2015. Yes or no

The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer shall be db but not less than 25 mm.

36. Grade 40 rebars has an fy of ________ MPa

276

37. Grade 60 rebars has an fy of ________ psi.

60,045.6 psi

38. Concrete has its maximum strength attained after ______ days.

28 days

39. A concrete mixture with high water cement ratio has greater strength than that with lower ratio. Yes of no.

NO

40. The unit weight of normal concrete in KN per cubic meter (in 2 decimal places).

23 KN/M3