Module Id : TSDHATS001

SDH Alarm & Trouble Shooting

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 Topic Content

 Types of SDH Alarms

Equipment Alarms
SDH System Alarms
SDH Layers
Performance parameters
Summary

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 Types of Alarms

Equipment Alarms

SDH System Alarms

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 Equipment Alarms

Card Failure
Card Mismatch
Card Missing
DCN Failure
Fan Failed

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 Equipment Alarms

Power Failure
Derived Voltage high/low
I/p Voltage on PSU high/low
LAN port down
Temperature too high
Earthing Failure


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 SDH System Alarms

LOS
•Drop of incomming optical power level causes BER of 10-3 or
worse
OOF
•A1, A2 incorrect for more than 625 us
LOF
•If OOF persists of 3ms
B1 Error
•Mismatch of the recovered and computed BIP-8
MS-AIS
•K2 (bits 6,7,8) =111 for 3 or more frames
•
B2 Error
•Mismatch of the recovered and computed BIP-24

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 SDH System Alarms

MS-RDI
•If MS-AIS or excessive errors are detected, K2(bits 6,7,8)=110
MS-REI
•M1: Binary coded count of incorrect interleavedbit blocks
AU-AIS
•All "1" in the entire AU including AU pointer
AU-LOP
•8 to 10 NDF enable or 8 to 10 invalid pointers
HP-UNEQ
•C2="0" for 5 or more frames
HP-TIM
•J1: Trace identifier mismatch

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 SDH System Alarms

HP-SLM
•C2: Signal label mismatch
HP-LOM
•H4 values (2 to10 times) unequal to MF sequence
B3 Error
•Mismatch of the recovered and computed BIP-8
HP-RDI
•G1 (bit 5)=1, if an invalid signal is received in VC-
4/VC-3
HP-REI
•G1 (bits 1,2,3,4) = binary coded B3 errors

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 SDH System Alarms

TU-AIS All "1" in the entire TU incl. TU pointer

TU-LOP 8 to 10 NDF enable or 8 to 10 invalid pointers
LP-UNEQVC-3: C2 = all "0" for >=frames;
VC-12: V5 (bits 5,6,7) = 000 for >=5 frames
LP-TIM VC-3: J1 mismatch; VC-12: J2 mismatch
LP-SLM VC-3: C2 mismatch; VC-12: V5 (bits 5,6,7) mismatch
BIP-2 Err Mismatch of the recovered and computed BIP-2 (V5)
LP-RDI V5 (bit 8) = 1, if TU-2 path AIS or signal failure received
LP-REI V5 (bit 3) = 1, if >=1 errors were detected by BIP-2
LP-RFI V5 (bit 4) = 1, if a failure is declared
Abbreviations:

AU Administration unit LP Low path

TIM Trace identifier
HP High path OOF Out of frame
TU Tributary unit
LOFLoss of frame REI Remote error indication (FEBE)
UNEQ Unequipped
LOM Loss of multiframe RDI Remote defect indication (FERF)
VC Virtual
LOP Loss of pointer RFI Remote failure indication
C container
LOS Loss of signal SLM Signal label mismatch

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 SDH Layers

SDH
SDH Regenerator SDH
Cross- multiplexer
multiplexer connect

Regenerator Regenerator
Section Section

Multiplex Section Multiplex Section

Path

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Event detections

Event
detections on
various SDH
Layers

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 Performance Parameter

ITU-T G.821
ES:Errored Second Second with > 1 bit error
SES :Severely Errored Second Second with BER
> 1 x 10E-3

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 Performance Parameter

ITU-T G.826
ES :Errored Second Second with> 1errored
block
SES:Severely Errored Second Second with > 30%
errored blocks or > 1 defect
BBE:Background Block Error Errored block, not
occuring as part of SES

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 Performance Parameter

ES :Errored Second Second with> 1errored

block
SES:Severely Errored Second Second with >
30% errored blocks or > 1 defect
BBE Background Block Error Errored block, not
occuring as part of SES

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 Summary

SDH Technology is reliable due to its inbuilt

protection mechanism
SDH Technology offers a layered approach due to
which alarms and failures can be handled effectively

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