America The Essential Learning Vol 2

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CHAPTER 07: The Early Republic, 1800-1815

TRUE/FALSE

1. Marbury v. Madison was sparked by one of President Adams’s “midnight appointments.”

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 225

OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. TOP: Marbury v. Madison

2. Once in office, Jefferson set out to dismantle Hamilton’s Federalist economic program.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 226

OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. TOP: Jefferson’s Economic Policies

3. During Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, the national debt grew much larger.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 226

OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. TOP: Jefferson’s Economic Policies

4. From 1763 to 1803, the Louisiana Territory belonged to France.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 227

OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. TOP: The Louisiana Purchase

5. The expansion of the United States into the West weakened the Federalists.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 228

OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. TOP: The Louisiana Purchase

6. Thomas Jefferson signed an act outlawing the foreign slave trade as of 1808.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 232

OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. TOP: Slave Trade Legislation

7. James Madison followed Thomas Jefferson as president.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 236

OBJ: 2. Describe how foreign events impacted the United States during the Jefferson and
Madison administrations. TOP: The Embargo

8. During the early 1800s, the British were more likely than the French to respect American
shipping rights.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 238

OBJ: 3. Explain the primary causes of the American decision to declare war on Great Britain in
 1812. TOP: American Shipping Rights and Honor

9. Tecumseh was a Shawnee leader who supported the United States in the War of 1812.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: pp. 238–239

OBJ: 3. Explain the primary causes of the American decision to declare war on Great Britain in
1812. TOP: Native American Conflicts

10. Most “war hawks” were New England Federalists.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 240

OBJ: 3. Explain the primary causes of the American decision to declare war on Great Britain in
1812. TOP: War Fever

11. William Henry Harrison was the American hero at the Battle of New Orleans.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 248

OBJ: 4. Analyze the most significant outcomes of the War of 1812 on the United States.
TOP: The Battle of New Orleans

12. The Battle of New Orleans was meaningless because it was fought after the war had
officially ended.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 249

OBJ: 4. Analyze the most significant outcomes of the War of 1812 on the United States.
TOP: The Battle of New Orleans

13. The Federalist party was badly hurt by its involvement in the Hartford Convention.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 250

OBJ: 4. Analyze the most significant outcomes of the War of 1812 on the United States.
TOP: The Hartford Convention

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which statement best describes Thomas Jefferson as president?

a. Jefferson fit in best with the “common man.”
b. Jefferson was a contradiction, a rich and educated Republican.
c. Jefferson endeavored to increase the powers of the president.
d. Jefferson was humble and willing to listen to others.
e. Jefferson championed equality for all Americans.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 222–223
OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. NAT: Historical Period
TOP: Political History | The “People’s President” MSC: Applying

2. To Thomas Jefferson, “Republican simplicity” meant

a. reduced governmental spending, smaller government, and plain living.
b. more money in the hands of the Republican supporters.
c. an end to foreign alliances.
d. not engaging in public building projects in Washington, D.C.
 e. making fun of his Federalist enemies.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 223
OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. NAT: Historical Documents
TOP: Political History | The “People’s President” MSC: Understanding

3. During Jefferson’s administration the percentage of eligible white male voters

a. decreased somewhat.
b. decreased markedly.
c. increased somewhat.
d. increased markedly.
e. stayed the same.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 223
OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. NAT: Historical Period
TOP: Political History | Jefferson in Office MSC: Applying

4. In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court established the precedent known as
a. separation of powers.
b. original jurisdiction.
c. habeas corpus.
d. judicial review.
e. jury nullification.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 225
OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. NAT: Historical Documents
TOP: Constitutional History | Marbury v. Madison MSC: Remembering

5. During his first administration, Thomas Jefferson

a. increased the size of the military budget and encouraged western expansion.
b. fired federal tax collectors and reduced governmental bureaucracy.
c. hired state tax collectors and reduced federal power.
d. limited state and federal authority.
e. repealed the whiskey tax and increased the cost of the federal government.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 226
OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. NAT: Historical Documents
TOP: Economic Development | Jefferson’s Economic Policies MSC: Analyzing

6. Jefferson’s purchase of the Louisiana Territory

a. doubled the size of the United States and caused a constitutional dilemma.
b. cost the United States $10 million and France’s loyalty.
c. pleased all Americans, Federalists and Republicans alike.
d. had been American negotiators’ intention all along.
e. hurt Americans living in Tennessee and Kentucky.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 227
OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. NAT: Historical Documents
 TOP: Economic Development | The Louisiana Purchase MSC: Applying

7. The Lewis and Clark expedition

a. was begun without Congress’s approval.
b. was funded personally by Thomas Jefferson.
c. lasted more than two years and provided vital information.
d. was led by two New Englanders.
e. encountered no Native American tribes.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 228–230
OBJ: 1. Summarize the major domestic political developments that took place during Thomas
Jefferson’s administration. NAT: Historical Documents
TOP: Geographic Issues | Lewis and Clark MSC: Understanding

8. From 1801 to 1805, the United States, under President Thomas Jefferson, was at war with
a. France.
b. England.
c. France and England.
d. France and Spain.
e. the Barbary pirates.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 232
OBJ: 2. Describe how foreign events impacted the United States during the Jefferson and
Madison administrations. NAT: Historical Period
TOP: Political History | The Barbary Pirates MSC: Remembering

9. During Jefferson’s first term, the British navy

a. interfered with American vessels primarily from the French and Spanish West
Indies.
b. made war on France and Canada.
c. blockaded any and all American cargo ships.
d. allied with the United States to fight the Barbary pirates.
e. acknowledged American neutrality.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 233–235
OBJ: 2. Describe how foreign events impacted the United States during the Jefferson and
Madison administrations. NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: Political History | Naval Harassment by Britain and France
MSC: Applying

10. The British habit of detaining American ships, capturing sailors, and forcing them into the
British navy was
a. impressment.
b. peaceful coercion.
c. search and seizure.
d. enlistment and recruiting.
e. kidnapping.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: pp. 233–235
OBJ: 2. Describe how foreign events impacted the United States during the Jefferson and
Madison administrations. NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: Military History | Naval Harassment by Britain and France
MSC: Remembering
11. During Thomas Jefferson’s tenure as president, how many American seamen were seized
and compelled into service by the British navy?
a. 1,000
b. 2,000
c. 3,000
d. More than 5,000
e. 12,000
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 234
OBJ: 2. Describe how foreign events impacted the United States during the Jefferson and
Madison administrations. NAT: Historical Interpretations
TOP: Military History | Naval Harassment by Britain and France
MSC: Remembering

12. In response to the Leopard-Chesapeake incident, President Jefferson

a. declared war on the British.
b. banned trade with Britain, Canada, and the British West Indies.
c. banned trade with all foreign nations.
d. reinforced American neutrality.
e. banned all foreign powers from trading with the United States.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 235
OBJ: 2. Describe how foreign events impacted the United States during the Jefferson and
Madison administrations. NAT: Historical Documents
TOP: Military History | The Embargo MSC: Understanding

13. As a result of his handling of foreign relations, Thomas Jefferson

a. retired from the presidency happy and content.
b. angered many segments of American society, particularly New England
Federalists.
c. sought a third term to continue his successful policies.
d. turned to southern and western voters for support.
e. appeased Federalist merchants.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 236
OBJ: 2. Describe how foreign events impacted the United States during the Jefferson and
Madison administrations. NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: Political History | The Embargo MSC: Applying

14. According to your textbook, James Madison

a. was a skilled and experienced chief of state.
b. was decisive when dealing with Congress.
c. was hampered by his spouse, Dolly Madison.
d. like Jefferson, supported the notion of peaceable coercion.
e. was not at all concerned about the issue of freedom of the seas.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 237
OBJ: 2. Describe how foreign events impacted the United States during the Jefferson and
Madison administrations. NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: Political History | James Madison and the Drift to War MSC: Remembering

15. President Madison’s Non-Intercourse Act

 a. reopened trade with all foreign countries.
b. reopened trade with both France and Great Britain.
c. conditionally reopened trade with all foreign countries.
d. reopened trade with foreign countries, including France and Great Britain if they
met certain conditions.
e. closed trade with all foreign countries but France and Great Britain.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 237
OBJ: 2. Describe how foreign events impacted the United States during the Jefferson and
Madison administrations. NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: Political History | James Madison and the Drift to War MSC: Applying

16. In 1812, President James Madison went to war

a. because of concerns on the seas and on America’s borders.
b. because France violated American neutrality.
c. because Federalists called for a defense of American honor.
d. because Great Britain declared war first.
e. because all Americans supported this conflict.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 238
OBJ: 3. Explain the primary causes of the American decision to declare war on Great Britain in
1812. NAT: Historical Interpretations
TOP: Military History | War of 1812 MSC: Analyzing

17. As the United States drifted into war under James Madison’s leadership, many
contemporary observers were concerned by
a. British-supported Indian attacks in the Ohio Valley region.
b. Seminole Indian attacks on the Florida-Georgia border.
c. Delaware Indians in Jamestown, Virginia.
d. the poor treatment Native Americans received at the hands of the American
government.
e. William Henry Harrison’s alliances with native tribes in the Indiana Territory.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 238
OBJ: 3. Explain the primary causes of the American decision to declare war on Great Britain in
1812. NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: Military History | Native American Conflicts MSC: Applying

18. Which statement best describes the start of the War of 1812?
a. Great Britain and the United States were both eager to fight.
b. Native Americans convinced the United States to fight.
c. Many in the United States were enthusiastic about the war.
d. All Americans were focused on the acquisition of Canada.
e. Most southerners opposed the war.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 238–240
OBJ: 3. Explain the primary causes of the American decision to declare war on Great Britain in
1812. NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: Military History | War of 1812 MSC: Understanding

19. According to your textbook, the primary causes of the War of 1812 were
a. impressment and British alliances with the Cherokee Indian tribe.
 b. impressment and British attacks on American shipping vessels.
c. the concerns expressed in the South over American honor.
d. the desire to expand into Canada and tariffs.
e. the desire to acquire western Florida and British espionage.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 238–240
OBJ: 3. Explain the primary causes of the American decision to declare war on Great Britain in
1812. NAT: Historical Documents
TOP: Military History | War of 1812 MSC: Applying

20. In reaction to Congress’s declaration of war,

a. all Federalists cheered and Republicans were opposed.
b. representatives from the urban and rural North cheered.
c. all Americans responded positively.
d. many on the frontiers and in rural areas, along with the war hawks, supported the
war.
e. the majority of Americans criticized the war effort.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: pp. 238–240
OBJ: 3. Explain the primary causes of the American decision to declare war on Great Britain in
1812. NAT: Historical Interpretations
TOP: Military History | War of 1812 MSC: Analyzing

21. Reacting to land-hungry whites and their constant westward expansion, ____________ a
spiritual leader, and ________________ a military leader, demanded change from Native
Americans.
a. Tippecanoe, Tecumseh
b. Tecumseh, Tenskwatawa
c. Tenskwatawa, Tippecanoe
d. Mohegan, Chippewa
e. Tenskwatawa, Tecumseh
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 239
OBJ: 3. Explain the primary causes of the American decision to declare war on Great Britain in
1812. NAT: Historical Documents
TOP: Cultural History | Native American Conflicts MSC: Remembering

22. Americans’ desire for expansion made sense in the early 1800s
a. because France’s hold on Canada was weak.
b. because Spain’s control of Canada and Florida was weak.
c. because there were relatively few Canadians and Spain was weak in East Florida.
d. because Native Americans needed to be sent somewhere the United States could
monitor them.
e. because Americans feared Spain.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 239–240
OBJ: 3. Explain the primary causes of the American decision to declare war on Great Britain in
1812. NAT: Events and Processes
TOP: Geographic Issues | The Lust for Canada and Florida MSC: Applying

23. _____________________________ tended to make up the group known as “war hawks.”

a. Young congressmen from Northern cities
 b. Federalists from the mid-Atlantic
c. Young congressmen from the South and West
d. Recent immigrants to the United States
e. Seasoned members of Congress
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 240
OBJ: 3. Explain the primary causes of the American decision to declare war on Great Britain in
1812. NAT: Historical Interpretations TOP: Military History | War
Fever
MSC: Understanding

24. As a result of the War of 1812, it became apparent that

a. the United States did not need a national bank.
b. the United States had many qualified potential soldiers to draw on.
c. free blacks were capable of fighting in the American military.
d. the United States military had not been hurt by Jeffersonian cuts.
e. the United States had begun a war it was ill prepared to win.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 241
OBJ: 4. Analyze the most significant outcomes of the War of 1812 on the United States.
NAT: Historical Interpretations TOP: Military History | War Preparations
MSC: Applying

25. The treaty that ended the War of 1812 was signed in _________________ in
______________.
a. Ghent, 1814
b. Philadelphia, 1814
c. Paris, 1815
d. Paris, 1814
e. Ghent, 1815
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 248
OBJ: 4. Analyze the most significant outcomes of the War of 1812 on the United States.
NAT: Change and Continuity TOP: Military History | Treaty of Ghent
MSC: Remembering

26. The Treaty of Ghent

a. gave the United States control of Canada.
b. gave the United States control of Florida.
c. was grudgingly accepted by the British.
d. failed to acknowledge Native American participation.
e. meant more territory for the British Empire.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 248
OBJ: 4. Analyze the most significant outcomes of the War of 1812 on the United States.
NAT: Historical Documents TOP: Military History | The Treaty of Ghent
MSC: Applying

27. Andrew Jackson’s victory at the Battle of New Orleans

a. resulted in the signing of the treaty that ended the war.
b. forced the British to acknowledge American military superiority.
c. came with extremely high casualties for the United States.
 d. was one of many American military victories during the war.
e. occurred after the treaty had been signed.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 248
OBJ: 4. Analyze the most significant outcomes of the War of 1812 on the United States.
NAT: Historical Interpretations TOP: Military History | The Battle of New Orleans
MSC: Applying

28. Which statement of the following is the most accurate regarding the Battle of New
Orleans?
a. This victory made Andrew Jackson famous.
b. This battle won the war for the United States.
c. This battle put Jackson in the national spotlight and solidified the peace.
d. This battle was an unnecessary loss of life militarily.
e. This battle was won by the United States without the use of slave labor.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 249
OBJ: 4. Analyze the most significant outcomes of the War of 1812 on the United States.
NAT: Historical Interpretations TOP: Military History | The Battle of New Orleans
MSC: Remembering

29. The Hartford Convention

a. was called by rogue Republicans critical of President Madison.
b. proposed the overthrow of the American government.
c. was organized by Federalists and threatened secession.
d. occurred at the start of the War of 1812.
e. was the work of southern war hawks.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 249
OBJ: 4. Analyze the most significant outcomes of the War of 1812 on the United States.
NAT: Change and Continuity TOP: Military History | The Hartford Convention
MSC: Understanding

30. As a consequence of the War of 1812,

a. American patriotism increased.
b. Madison’s popularity declined.
c. American nationalism declined.
d. Americans continued to feel threatened by the British.
e. the lives of Native Americans improved.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 250–251
OBJ: 4. Analyze the most significant outcomes of the War of 1812 on the United States.
NAT: Historical Interpretations TOP: Military History | The War’s Legacies
MSC: Understanding

31. Which of the following statements about the United States in the aftermath of the War of
1812 is most accurate?
a. In the short term and the long term the United States suffered economically as a
result of the war.
b. The United States, overall, saw no economic changes as a result of the war.
c. The war benefited the United States most in the arena of manufactures.
d. Manufacturing decreased in the United States because of the war.
 e. Britain ended all economic relations with the United States as a result of the War
of 1812.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: pp. 250–251
OBJ: 4. Analyze the most significant outcomes of the War of 1812 on the United States.
NAT: Change and Continuity TOP: Military History | The War’s Legacies
MSC: Evaluating

32. Because of the War of 1812

a. many Native Americans tried, and failed, to improve their lives.
b. Native Americans were seen as an important constituency in the United States.
c. the United States economy was firmly based on agrarian production.
d. Americans developed a sense of national identity in this second war with Great
Britain.
e. Federalists and Republicans found common ground and happily worked together
politically.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: pp. 250–251
OBJ: 4. Analyze the most significant outcomes of the War of 1812 on the United States.
NAT: Change and Continuity TOP: Military History | The War’s Legacies
MSC: Analyzing

ESSAY

1. How did things change after the Republicans won the election of 1800?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

2. Discuss the issues that led to the Marbury v. Madison case of 1803. What were the results
of the decision, and what impact did it have on the Supreme Court and the country?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

3. Discuss the issues that led to the Louisiana Purchase. What impact did the purchase and
the resultant Lewis and Clark expedition have on developing the United States west of the
Mississippi?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

4. Political dissension seemed to be an important factor in the years of the early Republic.
This can be seen in the appearance of, among other things, the Burr conspiracy and the
Hartford Convention. How can one account for these examples, and what generalizations
can one make from them?
 ANS:
Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

5. How did the war in Europe (1803-1815) impact the United States?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

6. How did foreign events affect U.S. domestic affairs and politics?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

7. Who was Tecumseh? What was his vision, and why was his dream such a threat to the
new nation?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

8. Why did the United States go to war with Britain in 1812? Which groups of people
supported and opposed the war? Why?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

9. The War of 1812 was fought on three fronts: the South, the North, and along the
Chesapeake Bay. Discuss the course of the war along those three fronts. What were the
successes and failures of the American military along those three fronts?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

10. What were the short-term and long-term results of the War of 1812?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

PTS: 1
MATCHING

Match each person with one of the following descriptions.

a. Was appointed justice of the peace in the District of Columbia
b. Was elected president in 1804
c. Negotiated the Louisiana Purchase
d. Died at the Battle of the Thames in 1813
e. Was a war hawk
f. Saw the British attack of Fort McHenry from Baltimore Harbor
g. Became vice president in 1801
h. Was a chief justice
i. Became an American naval hero in the War of 1812
j. Explored the Louisiana Purchase and Far West

1. Aaron Burr
2. Henry Clay
3. Tecumseh
4. Thomas Jefferson
5. Francis Scott Key
6. Meriwether Lewis
7. Robert R. Livingston
8. William Marbury
9. John Marshall
10. Oliver H. Perry

1. ANS: G PTS: 1
2. ANS: E PTS: 1
3. ANS: D PTS: 1
4. ANS: B PTS: 1
5. ANS: F PTS: 1
6. ANS: J PTS: 1
7. ANS: C PTS: 1
8. ANS: A PTS: 1
9. ANS: H PTS: 1
10. ANS: I PTS: 1