Motor Learning and Control Concepts

and Applications 10th Edition Magill

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c7

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. Fitts' Law specifies that performance will show a speed-accuracy trade-off in a rapid manual aiming task
according to the relationship between which two characteristics of the task?
A. Distance to move and target size
B. Distance to move and movement speed
C. Target size and movement speed
D. Target size and type of target

2. The Index of Difficulty (ID) that can be derived from Fitts' law demonstrates that the same task can have
various levels of difficulty and the same amount of:
A. Movement speed
B. Response choices
C. Complexity
D. Performance variability

3. One of the current views of how we control prehension is that the transport and grasp phases function:
A. As one unit
B. Synergistically
C. As two motor programs
D. Independently

4. When you reach to grasp an object, which of the following describes when the fingers begin to close?
A. At a consistent percentage of the total movement time
B. At a point that depends on the total movement time
C. At a point just before contact with the object
D. At contact with the object

5. Consider the following two prehension situations: a person reaches to pick up a cup to: (a) drink from it; (b)
move it to a different location on the table. The kinematic characteristics of the transport phase for these two
situations would:
A. Be similar
B. Be different
C. Depend on the characteristics of the cup
D. Not be predictable
6. Because we can write our signature relatively legibly with a pen held by either hand, either foot, or even by
our teeth, researchers often describe handwriting as a good example of Bernstein's concept of motor:
A. Programs
B. Equivalence
C. Independence
D. Complexity

7. In a two-hand aiming task in which the right hand must move to a target that has an ID of 4, and the left hand
must simultaneously move to a target that has an ID of 2, when will each hand arrive at the target?
A. The right hand will arrive much earlier than the left hand
B. The left hand will arrive much earlier than the right hand
C. The two hands will arrive at approximately the same time
D. The preferred hand will arrive first regardless of the ID

8. Which of the following statements reflects the appropriate view of the spatial and temporal control
underlying the performance of an asymmetric bimanual action?
A. The two arms prefer to move independently of each other
B. The two arms prefer to move together as one unit
C. The preferred arm always dominates the other arm
D. The two arms cannot perform an asymmetric bimanual action

9. The playing of a guitar is a good example of performing:

A. An asymmetric bimanual skill
B. A symmetric bimanual skill
C. A prehension skill
D. A manual aiming skill

10. The rhythmic structure of the movements involved in gait can be observed:
A. Only in leg movements
B. Only in arm movements
C. In arm and leg movements
D. None of these

11. The three phases of prehension are called the transport phase, the grasp phase, and the ________ phase.
12. That a person can adapt their handwriting to different surfaces, sizes, forces, etc., is an example of what
Bernstein referred to as motor ________.

13. The term used to describe a bimanual coordination task that requires the two hands to simultaneously
perform movements that have the same spatial and temporal characteristics is ________.

14. A predominant view of gait control is that at the nervous system level, gait is controlled by central pattern
________.

15. When a person walks or runs, an essential goal of the motor control system is the maintenance of head
_______.

16. According to Fitts' Law, a person's movement time will be faster for a task with an ID of 6 than for an ID of
3.
True False
17. The kinematic characteristics of a prehension action are the same as those for the actions of reaching or
pointing.
True False

18. Although Fitts' law is based on manual aiming tasks, research has shown that it applies to prehension
actions as well.
True False

19. The serve in tennis is a good example of an asymmetric bimanual skill.

True False

20. During the preparation phase of putting a key in a keyhole, you use vision to assess the regulatory
conditions.
True False

21. The reason we have difficulty tapping our head and rubbing our belly at the same time with our two hands is
that our motor control system is organized in such a way that our two hands prefer to move in the same ways at
the same time.
True False

22. Central pattern generators, which are involved in the control of gait, are thought to be located primarily in
the brain.
True False

23. The ratios of number of arm swings to leg swings for walking and running are both 1:1 (i.e., one arm swing
for one leg swing).
True False

24. The "atypical" posture and gait characteristics we often observe in children and adults with cerebral palsy
can be related to strategies the individuals have developed in order to maintain a stable head position during
locomotion.
True False
25. Gait transitions, from walking to running and running to walking, occur at the same speed for all people.
True False
c7 Key

1. Fitts' Law specifies that performance will show a speed-accuracy trade-off in a rapid manual aiming task
according to the relationship between which two characteristics of the task?
A. Distance to move and target size
B. Distance to move and movement speed
C. Target size and movement speed
D. Target size and type of target

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #1

2. The Index of Difficulty (ID) that can be derived from Fitts' law demonstrates that the same task can have
various levels of difficulty and the same amount of:
A. Movement speed
B. Response choices
C. Complexity
D. Performance variability

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #2

3. One of the current views of how we control prehension is that the transport and grasp phases function:
A. As one unit
B. Synergistically
C. As two motor programs
D. Independently

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #3

4. When you reach to grasp an object, which of the following describes when the fingers begin to close?
A. At a consistent percentage of the total movement time
B. At a point that depends on the total movement time
C. At a point just before contact with the object
D. At contact with the object

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #4
5. Consider the following two prehension situations: a person reaches to pick up a cup to: (a) drink from it; (b)
move it to a different location on the table. The kinematic characteristics of the transport phase for these two
situations would:
A. Be similar
B. Be different
C. Depend on the characteristics of the cup
D. Not be predictable

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #5

6. Because we can write our signature relatively legibly with a pen held by either hand, either foot, or even by
our teeth, researchers often describe handwriting as a good example of Bernstein's concept of motor:
A. Programs
B. Equivalence
C. Independence
D. Complexity

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #6

7. In a two-hand aiming task in which the right hand must move to a target that has an ID of 4, and the left hand
must simultaneously move to a target that has an ID of 2, when will each hand arrive at the target?
A. The right hand will arrive much earlier than the left hand
B. The left hand will arrive much earlier than the right hand
C. The two hands will arrive at approximately the same time
D. The preferred hand will arrive first regardless of the ID

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #7

8. Which of the following statements reflects the appropriate view of the spatial and temporal control
underlying the performance of an asymmetric bimanual action?
A. The two arms prefer to move independently of each other
B. The two arms prefer to move together as one unit
C. The preferred arm always dominates the other arm
D. The two arms cannot perform an asymmetric bimanual action

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #8
9. The playing of a guitar is a good example of performing:
A. An asymmetric bimanual skill
B. A symmetric bimanual skill
C. A prehension skill
D. A manual aiming skill

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #9

10. The rhythmic structure of the movements involved in gait can be observed:
A. Only in leg movements
B. Only in arm movements
C. In arm and leg movements
D. None of these

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #10

11. The three phases of prehension are called the transport phase, the grasp phase, and the ________ phase.

object manipulation

Magill - Chapter 07 #11

12. That a person can adapt their handwriting to different surfaces, sizes, forces, etc., is an example of what
Bernstein referred to as motor ________.

equivalence

Magill - Chapter 07 #12

13. The term used to describe a bimanual coordination task that requires the two hands to simultaneously
perform movements that have the same spatial and temporal characteristics is ________.

symmetric

Magill - Chapter 07 #13

14. A predominant view of gait control is that at the nervous system level, gait is controlled by central pattern
________.

generators

Magill - Chapter 07 #14

15. When a person walks or runs, an essential goal of the motor control system is the maintenance of head
_______.

stability

Magill - Chapter 07 #15

16. According to Fitts' Law, a person's movement time will be faster for a task with an ID of 6 than for an ID of
3.
FALSE

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Magill - Chapter 07 #16

17. The kinematic characteristics of a prehension action are the same as those for the actions of reaching or
pointing.
FALSE

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Magill - Chapter 07 #17

18. Although Fitts' law is based on manual aiming tasks, research has shown that it applies to prehension
actions as well.
TRUE

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Magill - Chapter 07 #18

19. The serve in tennis is a good example of an asymmetric bimanual skill.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #19
20. During the preparation phase of putting a key in a keyhole, you use vision to assess the regulatory
conditions.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #20

21. The reason we have difficulty tapping our head and rubbing our belly at the same time with our two hands is
that our motor control system is organized in such a way that our two hands prefer to move in the same ways at
the same time.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #21

22. Central pattern generators, which are involved in the control of gait, are thought to be located primarily in
the brain.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #22

23. The ratios of number of arm swings to leg swings for walking and running are both 1:1 (i.e., one arm swing
for one leg swing).
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #23

24. The "atypical" posture and gait characteristics we often observe in children and adults with cerebral palsy
can be related to strategies the individuals have developed in order to maintain a stable head position during
locomotion.
TRUE

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Magill - Chapter 07 #24
25. Gait transitions, from walking to running and running to walking, occur at the same speed for all people.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Magill - Chapter 07 #25
c7 Summary

Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20
Magill - Chapter 07 25