Sec_3.5-3.7.

qxd 9/27/08 1:10 PM Page 292

AM Page 115

e 115

292 CHAPTER 3 Torsion

SECTION 2.3 Changes in Lengths under Nonuniform Conditions 115
MECE 3369
SECTION 2.3 Changes in Lengths under Nonuniform Conditions 115
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS INSIDE DIAM
T 3 IS REPLACED BY "P, SECTION 2.3 1 Changes 8 + 11bin Lengths PL under Nonuniform Conditions Final Exam 115
PL # Substitute n
9 EA ! Ggmax ! 2Gâmax
1EA 8 + 11b
t
3 AND P/2 AT JOINT 3 IS REPLACED BY "P, PLDecember 15, 2020 max
PL #
THAT !32L (8 % 111") #8 9+ 11b 9 EA EA T(d2/2) Td2 Td2
AT # #3PL/EA
x JOINT "P, PL tmax ! get is 100. IP ! ! d42 ! (0.8 in
3 IS REPLACED EachBY 2L problem counts PL for 30 # points. The maximum points one can I 2t 4Gâ
;
PL/EA
")Pexpression N2 # "Pabove x# 19 EA(8 % 11" EA )#9 P max max
on You & 3SHOULD b #upload
11(8 % 11your exam as a pdf file in Blackboard by 3:30pm. No late submissions will be
;
2L 1
") # 9 9/24/08 4:59 AM Page 394 p Td 2 ! 0.4096
#axial
n x#
"P deformation expression above
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3 11 32 2 4Gâmax
b # be" ;
"2L 1 d 1 ! 0.60 in
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formation expression Theabove pdf&file SHOULD named
# 0.091 by your name, L
your name and ID number should also be written in
32L PL (f) Draw 11 - see plots above for x # 8Td2 8Td2
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a L $ the
AM #Page 394Sec_3.5-3.7.qxd
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3 d24 $ d14 ! d14 ! d24 $
EA 3 " # 0.091 L pGâ max pGâ max
3 2L PL (f) Draw 394 AFD, CHAPTER ADD 5 -Stresses
see plots above
in Beams forTopics)
(Basic x#
aL + $ b EA #
EA L
3
3 PL (f) Draw AFD, ADD - see plots above for x #
# 3
EA in BeamsEA (Basic1. A prismatic bar ABProblem of length 5.5-4 AL, cross-sectional
simply supported wood beamarea AB withA, spanmodulus
length of elasticity q E, and weight W
5 Stresses Topics)
L ! 4 m carries a uniform load of intensity q ! 5.8 kN/m Problem 3.5-8 An aluminium tube has inside diameter d1 ! 50 mm, shear mo
(see figure).
qxd 9/24/08 4:59 AM 292
hangs CHAPTER
vertically
Page05Ch05.qxd
394 3 9/24/08
Torsion under 4:59its AM own weight (see Figure 1). What is the
T ! 4.0 kN " m. The allowable shear stresselongation δ B of in the the entire is 50 MPa and the a
aluminum
nditions
of 115
length L, cross-sectional area A, modulus of elasticity(a)
Page 394
E, Calculate the maximum bending stress smax due to the load q if the A B h
Assimply supported(see woodfigure).
beam AB bar? with span length 09Ch09.qxd 9/27/08 beam 1:31 A
q has a rectangular PM cross Pagesection with 714 Determine
width b ! 140 mm and the required outside diameter d 2 .
der own weight
Nonuniform Conditions 115
prismatic
uniform loadbar AB of length
of intensity q ! 5.8 L, kN/m cross-sectional
(see figure). area A, modulus height of elasticity
h ! 240 mm. E,
ward displacement M AXIMUM SHEAR STRESS INSIDEA loadDIAMETER
hevertically
formmaximumConditions under
bendingits C of
!own
115
stress smaxpoint
weight
due to C, located
(see
the load q ifatthe
figure). distance h from (b) Repeat (a) but use the trapezoidal distuibuted
h
shown in the
L b
bar AB of length L, cross-sectional area A, modulus A of elasticity figure E, part (b). B
rectangular cross section with width bt! 140
ula foritstheown downward displacement mm
!CGg ofmax394
and
point ! C, CHAPTER
2Gâ located 5 Stresses in
at distance h from Beams (Basic Topics) Substitute numerical values:
under
PL mm. weight5 (see figure). max ! max AL Solution 3.5-8 Aluminum(a)tube
eof394
240 CHAPTER Stresses in Beams (Basic Topics) C
but thethe
entire
use bar.
bar?
trapezoidal distuibuted load shown in the 8(750q lb-in.) (0.80 in.)
e(b).EAdownward displacement !C of point C, 2/2)
T(dlocated at distance Td2h Lfrom Td2 b 4C L 4
gation ongation of the
! of
upper the entire
half of bar?
the tmax
bar to !
the Problem 5.5-4
elongation IPof!the A simply
lower !supported wood h beam AB with spandlength 2 ! (0.8 in.) $ —q q
r. B ILP! 4 m carries a 2t 4Gâ p (6.2 * 2106 psi) (880 * 10 $6)
714 uniform CHAPTER
max(a)load of max 9 Deflections
intensity q ! 5.8 kN/m (see
C of Beams
figure).
L
!BProblem 5.5-4
atio of the elongation of thesupported
upper halfwood of the bar to ABthe elongation of thestresslower h A B
of" the entire bar?A simply p (a)
beam Calculate with
the Td
span length
maximum bending
2 (see figure). q B max
s due to the load q ifq the
! 0.4096 in.A4 $ 0.2800 in.4 ! 0.12956 B in.4 h
r?AM L !Page 4 m394 carries a uniform load Iof intensity 4 qbeam ! 4q5.8 kN/m
9 ! (d $ d — ) has
! a rectangular cross section with width b ! 140 mm and
32 to 2the height ;
P 12
he 4:59 elongation AM Page of the 394 upper half of the bar elongation h !4Gâ 240of mm.
max the lower h B 0.60 in.
(a) Calculate the maximum bending9/24/08 stress due
AM to d !
Lbeam has a rectangular cross section8Td
05Ch05.qxd
(b) sA4:59
Repeat max (a) usethe
but Page load
the394 q if the
trapezoidal Bdistuibuted A load shown1in the d1 ! 50 mm B GL ! 27 GPa
h L b NORMAL STR
for x # q with 2 width
figure part4 (b). b !4 140 mm 8Td2and B
3height h ! 240 mm. L
d 4
2 $ d 4
1 !
pGâmax Deflections d 1 ! d 2 $
pGâmaxby Integration of the Bending-Moment Equation
(b)
T ! 4.0 kN " m(a) %allow ! 50 MPa &allow ! 900 # 10 $6 %allow ! 48.6
-Stresses
see(b) plotsinRepeatabove
Beams (Basic
(a)forbut x #use the trapezoidal distuibuted
Topics) load shown L in the Figure 1:
3 h L b REQUIRED D
figure L (b). B Determine
q the required diameter d2.
rs hanging
PTER above 5 for x # part
vertically
Stresses in Beams (Basic Topics) 394 CHAPTER Problems 5 Stresses in9.3-8
(b)
Solution Beams 5.5-4 through
(Basic Topics)9.3-16 are to be solved — by integrating
2 the qsecond-order
3
2implyPrismatic
supported wood barbeam hangingAB withvertically
Problem
span length
3.5-8 An aluminium differential tube
q(a) Mequation
hasAXinside . BENDING of the
diameter DUEdeflection
50 mm, curve A(the
(a)q modulus
shear A bending-moment
(b) elasticity
LLOWABLE . BENDING
SHEAR STRESS equation).
GSTRESS B TOand TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q Tr
dd shear of 27 GPa, torque
STRESS TO UNIFORM LOAD MAX DUE
1! of! elasticity $6G  27 GPa,
niform load of intensity q ! 2.
ght of bar An
5.8 kN/m (see
(b)4.0 aluminum
figure).
ELONGATION tube has inside diameter 50 mm, modulus y t! 48
A(h 0)supported
# 2 1
4 T! kNb m. The5.5-4
"Problem OF BAR
allowable The origin
simply shear of
stress coordinates
in
wood qLthebeamaluminum
AB I is span
with at
is 50the MPa
length left-hand
and the ( end
allowable
% )of !each
normal
q50 MPabeam,
1 strain
q and
is 900
1 qall
#1 beams
10 . IP
L max and torque T  M S q R c a b L + a b L d
-4 allow 1
aticAbar
maximum hanging
bending stressvertically
s due to the load q if the
(b)4Ehave
A kN·m (see max !
Figured2B(h 2). ! h
hThe allowable shear stress q A in!
2 the aluminum is 48.6 MPa.
;
4NWARD
1:31
ectangular simply
PM W
cross #Page Weight
supported
section 714
with of barbDetermine
wood
!width !beam ABLWL!the 4 required
with m carries
span outside
uniform diameter
alength
LONGATION load
constant of intensity
OF BAR .8 q#!0)
flexural 5.8 kN/m
rigidity —q (seeEI. figure). 2 3 22
NDING STRESS ADISPLACEMENT
DUE TO UNIFORM C LOAD q 140 mm
dB # (a)(b)
and
MAX . BENDING STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD2q
A L STRESS BASED ON NORMAL STRAIN
city
es
40
ider a
mm. E,
uniform load of intensityDetermine
at dis- DISPLACEMENT2EA q ! 5.8 kN/m the (see
Calculate required figure).
the maximum outside bending diameter
stress s due2 to dthe .load q if the LLOWABLE SHEAR
uniform load (q/2) & triang. load
h (q/2)
2 an element
a#;
(a)(a)
A B
q WL (h
max 2
tqL
useWeight
# the trapezoidal
! of
I DOWNWARD distuibuted
hbar end.
A load shown in(b) the E !LONGATION
C beam has 1a OF
cProblem
rectangular 1 cross
L L+ 9.3-8
q 0)
1 bhsection
3
b L d Derive
withb width bA! 140 mm and Bg curve A Rearrange a
).y8 from
ate the
B Smaximum
the h
lower
Consider bending an (c)
stress
element R s
ATIO at due
dis-
OF to RA ! d
heightthe
ELONGATIONS h load
! 2
B a#bBAR
2402 q 2EAif
mm. the 3 2 2 A
the equation of the deflection h
1 t for a cantilever
(b)
ams (Basic Topics) max 12 1 B â ! R A !! qL t ! 2Gâ
(b).;OF ELONGATIONS
h) from WL
Rbeam supporting S !a bh load P at inthe
ALDISPLACEMENT q lower Solution 3.5-8 Aluminum ABtube 2 the free end (see max
figure). 3 Also, determine max
LDaOWNWARD
has rectangular cross section !Cwith width (b) bRepeat 140(a) but use
mm and the trapezoidal distuibuted load shown
L2 2G d42 $ (419.1
C 2 tance y from the end. !(c) (a) S! b
dB # uniform load
ATIO (q/2) & triang. hloadL(q/2) 6
h Consider
! 240bmm. an element at dis-LElongation figure of2EA upperpart
Solution the halfdeflection
5.5-4 of bar ah d# andb : angle of rotation u at the free end.
find x ! (Note:
location ofUse the
zero shear
d9(a) AM
tance
hbut Page
y from 394span length
the
C B
lower end. —
q 1 2 Bq 2
L LB (%allow)2 !(a)2G&allow ! 2(27 GPa)(900 # 10$6) Solve numerL
wood
1use
beam ABthe with trapezoidal
2 kN/m (see figure).
distuibuted (c) Rload ATIOshown
RAOF
(a)
qL
2q! ELONGATIONS in the
second-order
3Elongation
M AX. BENDINGof upper
STRESS differential
DUEhalf of barequation
TO UNIFORM aLh #
LOAD qqL2 b of : the (b) deflection
MAX.bBENDING STRESS curve.) qDUE TO1TRAPEZOIDAL
x q LOAD q
R
part 9 (b).
ntensity S ! Deflections
q
6
! bh 5.8
C ofhLBeams 3WLA 2 q
R
! 48.6
A " x "
2MPa2 L 2
a b x ! 0
thf thestress lower q qL2 zero shear I hM B 8 (b) — 1 q 1 q1 q d2 ! 0.0792
B smax due to the load q if the d upper # find x ! location
! Bofhalf sLmax
ding max
A Mof S of
smax !!bar ! R2A ! c a b L3x+ a "b 4L L d2 ! 0
e). Wydy
q
section with width b ! 140 mm and 8EA
Elongation maxupper
8 3WL h S ah # b :
(a) 1 2 2 2
2
+3 6Lx 22
# r EAL N(y)dy hL qL2Wydy dq 1# x q 2 a bh b A B d2 ! 79.3 m
B Elongation of RAlower" xupper half
" aof8EA
qyoidal h2 LL 2bar:b q
b x ! 02 6 uniform load (q/2) &"6 triang.
if ddthe L " load1184(q/2)
L22
Mmax # A load #
Bdistuibuted shown8 in the d1 ! 50 mm B GL !3WL 2
27 GPa bh Solution
Figure 2:
N
! 9.3-8 Cantilever beamq (concentrated
m and EA
3
—3 half 2
L of bar: ORMAL STRAIN x ! load)
GOVERNS
W Solution
Stresses smax in !
(b) B 1 EAL
Beams (Basic Topics) d upper3x# + Elongation WL ! of lower
3WL q 2WL 1
$ h2a)5.5-4
2(3)
y 2EAL SIntegration of 2 the Bending-Moment Equation
2 2
$1 &22 4 #!
6Lx " 4L(b) 0smax
N(y)dy
# (L2Wydy d %8EA RA ! MPa qL

3 L2 1h EAL
bh b dT lower
! 4.0 #kN dB" $ m upper #
12
! 50 MPa bh 900 # 10$6 % allow ! 48.60 3 L
L Wydy
(a)
L
he
#(a) MAX# 6
. BENDING W 2STRESS2 DUE TO UNIFORM
S
allow !
LLOAD h1 B
2EA S !
ENDING
q dhalf 2 6 A
8EA
bh -
allow
MOMENT 8EA
WL
(b) MAX.$ 3WL
EQUATION
BENDING STRESS DUE (E
WL Q . 9-12a)
B TO TRAPEZOIDAL x 1
"1 + q 184b
! a LOAD
Px
dd
EA# EAL 3.2 (LA $h)
L simply
Elongation
supported b"6 d of lower
"lower #184
beam BL $ 2 of
AB bar:
d upper
5.8 with
kN # span length# REQUIRED L findDIAMETER
4x m carries
! locationL of zeroashear uniform #¿load" $of intensity (2L $ x)
;
2EAL Determine
q thex ! required diameter qd ! . 2EA
L! 4 m 8EA b ! 140 8EA mm (b) 6
hrough q Topics)
asic 9.3-16 are to beam
qL be solved I2 by
—
d upperintegrating 2
the
2(3) EI#– q
second-order 2
" M m" $P(L 1$ qx) 1 q1 q 2EI
B ;TO
Wydy
4simply 2 supported W wood AB with span length 3/8 3WL q
bh # Mmax 2 !$ h ) q 2 S! 5.8 kN/m (see $Figure 3). WL Calculate RA ! WL
cthe a maximum
b L + a R bending b Ld 1 x x q
stress
!
0σ# max
0.52753 L due to the load q if
; LOAD
2
W ion of the (L b # # B# 3d1upper qL max
h2deflection curve A(the hA bending-moment equation). Tr 2A " 2 x " 2 a L (4000
niform 2 load q(a) d(see # dSTRESS # $ LOAD q# 2 2 b x !N m)(d2/2)
)of
TO intensity
UNIFORM8 !q 5.8 kN/m
LLOWABLE
d(b)lowerlower .figure).
xBENDING
SHEAR ! 240 mm
h TRAPEZOIDAL
t !3 2b 48.6 ! 2 and height h  240 mm. PL3
;
(L a "1 +d M
+2; load
EAL
DING STRESS
$ 2EAL
DUE MAX
!1/8
STRESS DUE
upper 3/8
2EA 8EA 8EA 2 y MPa mm
kN
AL
ordinates 2 STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL
L !I 4ismspan at the b !left-hand the beam q has a rectangular 184
max b cross !3
8
section Px L with width  140
stress smax(%end )of each beam, and
ING
L beam AB 140 mm LOAD L
Solution 1 5.5-4 b
qs # ! 61 qall 1#beams s # 2 IP 3x2 + 6Lx " 4L2 p! 0 4
edm2maximum S ! withqbending
5.8;
length due2 to
allow 1! the q50load MPa
qRA(a)!xdmaxc q a ifbmax L +d EI#¿
the aS A bM" d max
1/8
Lmax $PLx qL
1 uniform + C (q/2)
1B(b) & triang. load h (q/2) [dP2 $ (0.050 m)4d]B " $#(L) "
ty
8hqq# ) !0) h —
kN/m (see figure). 2AX
Mupper 0.527533lower
!.2BENDING L 2 2 DUE
!
8 a bhLOAD b 2 q MAX. BENDING STRESS DUE 32 TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q 3EI
;
xural
rectangular
mm rigidity
1
LOAD2q
q
crossq 1EI.
section
bh 3 with width
ALLOWABLE b ! 140 mmL STRESS and 3/8 STRESS TO UNIFORM
6 STRAIN(b)
APEZOIDAL
ressb sLmax+due 2 toa the load b Lq dif the buniform
#SHEAR load (q/2) #qL 2 BASED
B & triang. # 23MIload hON NORMAL
(q/2) # 1 1 "6 q L " 11184
2
q 1L 2
PL2
A

;
240 2 mm.
2 with max ! 11.6 kNR m!
on width3bA!2140 2 12 mm and 1 B dM max !
lower 1/83BS.C L!. n!(0) " 0 A ! qL C A " 0 RA ! xc !and
Rearrange a bsimplify:
L + a bB Ld
;
qL
ut Derive
use the the equation
trapezoidal
S! of
distuibutedthe
S B! bh â deflection
2
load shown g curve
(b)
1
in
h R ! qL t ! 42Gâ tthe smax for 8!a cantilever
q 2 sh ! 8.63 MPa
bh max
3 1
b
2 2 2(3)
3 22 u B " $#¿(L) "
ad8S (q/2)
ting !a bh
1 &
load2 triang.
P at load
hthe (q/2)
the free end 6 (see max ! A !3
figure). Also, determine max 2 2L 3 2EI
b).
distuibuted
d (q/2)kN 6 #m
load shown in 2 2G b PLx Px
find x ! location 2of zero shear d 4 uniform
$ x load (q/2) &$6
(419.174 * 10
! a "1 + 184b
1triang. load (q/2)
)d $ 6.25 * 10 $6
! 0
nL11.6
NS L kN 2
5.5-4
andb : angle of rotation 2 uB at the freefind end. x ! (Note: bh
location
3
q ! 5.8 ofUse EI#shear
zero the "L !$ 4 m $6 b !+140 mm + C2 1L 6
2 MPa ;
8.63 L2 L (%allow)2 !(a)2G&2allow12! 2(27mGPa)(900 1 # 102 (a)
) 6
q TO1TRAPEZOIDAL RA ! LqL
x q numerically:
Solve x3max ! 0.52753 L
(These results agree with Case 4, Ta
. BENDING
erential of barequation of the deflection
MAX.bBENDING curve.)
q SqDUE x S(b)
q! MAX bh2 . BENDING STRESS b x ! 0LOAD q
aLSTRESS qqL b RAqL
half
X h# DUE: TO (b)UNIFORM LOAD ! TO1TRAPEZOIDAL RA " DUE x" a
E TO UNIFORM LOAD
2
STRESS
" x" hh !a240 mm b x6! 0LOAD q
48.6 MPa 2 L 2 B.Cq . n (0)1 "q0 1 Cq2 1" 0q d2 !find
max qLL2 zero 8 I Mmax(b) — q
1 q
! 2
81 a q 12b Lqd2 qL 2 — ! 2 2 L 2 0.07927 x ! locationm of zero shear
ocation ! # sof S 1shear R2A s
x " a ;b x ! 0
:!smax ! c a!b L3x+
rax S ah b (a) ! 0 R2A ! c a 2 b L + a "b 4L L d2 ! 0 q
2
max !! max 2 2 +3 6Lx 2 2" Mmax 4L !
2 3x 2
+ 6Lx 1 x q
;
82 a bh hb S 2
A 1 2 B 8 Px2 qL2 3 22 d2 !R 79.3 mm
A "
1 x q 6 uniform load (q/2) a bh &"6 bL " load
triang. 1M 184 (q/2)
L #
2
2 "A $ # 8 (3L $ x) B 2 2 L2
"L2 a b x ! 02 x 6! sload) Mmaxmax ! 11.6uniform kN m
.3-8
half
q 223WL Cantilever
of Lbar: 2 beamq (concentrated max ! s max !6EI load (q/2) &"6 triang.
L " load 1184(q/2) L 22
2 + 6Lx " 4L2 ! 0
a; bh b x !
1 2(3) S 1 3x
R qL
#bh
bh 3 L2 A 3 !
L
smax ! 8.63 MPa
1 6 Px
2
MOMENT
r: " 8EA
(b) 4LWL
MAX
2 EQUATION
! .$ 0s3WL
BENDING max !STRESS (E
WLq Q.DUEB29-12a)TO TRAPEZOIDAL x
a LOAD + q1 184b RA ! qL 2(3) "6 L " 1184 L22
N #
r 12 L ! 4 m 1 b !2 140 mm # 4
2EA S !8EAqbh 8EAbh qfind x ! location
! "1
L of zero shear
(b) 36 L 2 #¿ "3 $ (2L
L $ x) x!
m" $P(L 21$6 x) 1 1 s max ! q 2EI x 1 2(3)
"h3WL 12qA !LcWL 4 L bh2
$ qLR184 # 22 a 2 b L kN azero + 184b
+ a R b" Lq dx " 1 xamax x q! 0.52753 ! "1shear y
mm q2 ! 5.8 3 2L2! 42 m 2 Lb 2! 140 b x ! Problem
0
mm 9.3-9 Derive
find x ! location L the
(b) of 3equation 6 of!the
x
a "1deflection
+ 184b curve
1

by a ;
A

+2; load
28EA
2(3) 8 Px 8EA
L m kN PL
!L3 2 q ! 5.8 form a simple L !d 4 m" 140 mm L 6
B beam loaded Lcouple M0 at the left-hand
b !AB
PLx 1 uniform + C (q/2)
1 & triang. 2
2 +load
3x h 6Lx (q/2) " 4L2 ! 0 q $#(L) 1 xmax "x q! 0.52753
8NIFORMa 1bhLOAD b 2 q h ! 240B(b) mm MAXqL . BENDING STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD R q " x " a 3EI
b x ! 0 xmax ! 0.52753 L M0
6
+ kNM#184 (b)
1b h2 ! 240 support mm (see figure).
A
2 2 Also, L 2 determine the maximum deflection
1.6 8x 1! "6 q L " 11184 q 1L 2 2
6R mmax ! qL R !c 2a bL + a b Ld 2 PL A
 ;
M Page 394 32 max 4Gâ
ard displacement !C of point C, located at distance h from d1 C! 0.60L in.
nthe of the half
!B upper entire
ofbar?
the bar to the elongation of the lower h
the
8Td 2
d 4 $ ofd14the!upper half of the
elongation
714 $elongation
d14 bar
! dto24the
8Td
CHAPTER
2 9 Deflections ofhLBeams
of the lower C
entire
L bar?2 B
pGâmax pGâmax
)
ation of the upper half of the bar to the elongation of the lower h B
3
d1 ! 50 mm G ! 27 GPa NORMAL STRAIN GOVERNS
resses in Beams (Basic Topics) Deflections by Integration B
of the Bending-Moment
B with span length q T ! 4.0 kN " m %allow Equation
! 50 MPa &allow ! 900 # 10$6 %allow ! 48.60 MPa
Problem
kN/m 3.5-8 An aluminium tube has inside diameter d1 ! 50 mm, shear modulus of elasticity
(see figure). G ! 27 GPa, and torque
! 4.0 kN " m. The allowable shear stress in the through
aluminum is 50are
MPa and Determine
the allowable the normal
required diameter
strain 2.
isd900 # 10$6. REQUIRED DIAMETER
gTvertically
due to the load q if the Problems 9.3-8 h 9.3-16 to be solved by integrating the second-order
(4000 N # m)(d2/2
A B
ply
matic Determine
dth bsupported
bar
! hanging
140 mm andthe
wood required
beam AB
vertically outside diameter
withdifferential
span length .
d2equation of the deflection curve q A(the bending-moment
LLOWABLE SHEAR STRESS equation). Tr
ar (b) ELONGATION (h # 0) y t! 48.6 MPa !
rm load of intensity q ! 5.8 kN/m OF BARThe(see figure).
origin of coordinates is at the left-hand(%end of each
allow)1 ! 50 MPabeam, and all beams IP p 4
[dP2 $ (0.050 m
AW hanging
load shown vertically
in the
; to the constant
# Weight of WL (b) ELhave b 32
ISPLACEMENT !Cbar LONGATION OF BAR (h # 0) rigidity EI.
flexural
ximum
element bending
at stress
dB # smax due
dis- DISPLACEMENT 2EA load q if the A ALLOWABLE SHEAR B STRESS BASEDh ON NORMAL STRAIN
;
(a) D Solution 3.5-8 Aluminum
! tube WL A
ngular
ght of OWNWARD
barcross section with
(b) Ewidth b 140
Problem mm
(h and
0) Rearrange and simplify: B
2EA 9.3-8 Derive the equation of the deflection
C (a) ! # g curve
he lower end.an element
Consider (c) RATIO
at OF
LONGATION d B
dis-ELONGATIONS
#
OF BAR
t for a cantilever
â ! ! t ! 2Gâ
RATIO;OF ELONGATIONS
mm.
WARD tanceLy from the lower
DISPLACEMENT !C qend.d # (c) WL beam AB supporting a load P at the free end (see
q
max
figure).
2 Also, determine
2G
max
d42 $ (419.174 * 10 $6
)d2 $ 6.25 * 10$
gth — B L
ere).the
der an trapezoidal
element at dis- 2q
distuibuted
Elongation ofload
2EA
upper shown
the half in the
deflection
of bar ah d#B and b : angle of rotation uB at the free end. (Note: Use the
b GPa)(900 # 10$6) L
eams
y from the lower end. second-order
(c) RATIO OF ELONGATIONS
A Elongation
2
B differential
of upper
L
half of barequation
a h # b of
L (%allow)2 ! 2G&allow ! 2(27
: the deflection curve.) Solve numerically:
q
q if the 3WL B h 2
A ! 48.6 MPa d2 ! 0.07927 m
m and d upper # L (a)Figure 3:
;
8EA
Elongation of upper3WLhalf of bar ah # b :
B d upper # 2 d2 ! 79.3 mm
N(y)dy
the Wydy B Elongation ofhlower L half of8EAbar:
d#1 ! 50 mm GL ! 27 GPa3WL b q NORMAL STRAIN GOVERNS
EA 2 EAL Elongation Solution
of lower9.3-8
half WL Cantilever
—
of bar: beam (concentratedqload)
he Bending-Moment Equation
L2Wydy
#L
$h)
Wydy T ! W 4.0 kN d 4.
" #
%
d upper # (b)
d
lowerDetermine
m (a) allow B $
! d 8EA
50 MPa#
WL
& $
BENDING
2EA
3WL
upper the deflection δ
!
allow8EA
#
900
-MOMENT#
8EA 10
2$6
at
3WL
WL BEQUATIONthe %
free
(E
WL
! 48.60
end
Q. 9-12a)
allow of MPa
the cantilever beam supportingPx a point load P at
EAL # (L2 $ h2) Elongationd of lower
# dBhalf
$ of bar: #
d upper $ # #¿ " $ (2L $ x)
h EAL 2EAL b lower A B
dthe freeqend d(see Figure 4). $
2EA 8EA 8EA
L Determine
q the required
upper diameter 2.
EI#– WLM "3WL
" $P(LWL x) REQUIRED DIAMETER 2EI
beW2 solved
(L2 $2hby ) integrating the
# dsecond-order ;#
—2 3/8
;
#$3dd upper
#
b # d lower# B $ #
PL3
;
h)
3 q ; Px
$2EAL d lower 1/8 upper 3/8
2EA 8EA 8EA
2
curve
AD(a)q A(the A bending-moment
(b) MAXSHEAR
LLOWABLE . BENDING STRESS equation).
STRESS bB #TO TRAPEZOIDAL
DUE # #LOAD
+ +
Tr (4000 N m)(d
d "2/2)
$#(L) "
EI#¿ " $PLx y 1t !
C 48.6 MPa !
;
d lower 1/8 B
-hand(%end 2 3EI
allow)of each beam,
1 q dand1 qall beams ILP p 4
;
q50 MPa 13/8
1!
upper
qRA ! c 2 a 2bb#L d+lower a # b L# d 3 [dP2 $ (0.050 m)4]
PL2
;
3 2 21/8 32
L STRESS BASED ON B.C. n!(0) " 0 ! C1 " 0
e A
ALLOWABLE SHEAR
uniform load (q/2)
B & triang. load
h NORMAL
(q/2) STRAIN (b) uB " $#¿(L) "
2 3A 2EI
of the deflection B PLx Px Rearrange and simplify: B
h RAg!curve
1 t for a cantilever
(b)
EI# " $ + + C2
B âmax ! !3 qL t ! 2Gâmax 2 6 (These results agree with Case 4, Table G-1.)
ee end (see figure).
L2 2GAlso, determine
b d42 $ (419.174 * 10$6)d2 $ 6.25 * 10$6 ! 0
n uB at the freefind end.
x ! (Note:
location ofUse theB.C. n (0) " 0
zero shear ! C2 " 0
L
L (%allow)2 !(a)2G&allow ! 2(27 GPa)(900 # 10$6 2) Solve numerically:
Ghe ;
(b) deflection
STRESS
b
DUE TO curve.)
MAX. BENDING STRESS q
RUNIFORM
A "
1 x q
DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
x " LOAD a qb x ! 0 # " $(b) MAX
Px .$
BENDING STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
q ! 48.6 2MPa2 L 2 (3L x)
(b) — 1 q 1 q1 q 6EI d2 ! 0.07927 m
R2A !Ic 1 q 1 Figure
q1 4:
b Ld ;
a b L3x+
2 a "b 4L
+3 6Lx L d2 ! 0
2 2 22
S A! B RA ! c a b L d+2 ! 79.3
a mm
h load (q/2) &"6
uniform triang.
L " load
1184(q/2)
2 2 3 22
L22
amq (concentrated
21 x ! load)
2(3) Problem 9.3-9 uniform load
Derive the (q/2) &
equation oftriang. load (q/2)
the deflection curve y
RA ! qL
3 L
Q . 9-12a)
B TO TRAPEZOIDAL
S DUE x 1
"1 + q 184b
! a LOAD
for a simple beam
Px AB loaded
1 by a couple M 0 at the left-hand
#¿ "(see
support R(2L
$ figure). x)determine the maximum deflection
$ qL
Also, M0
m 1find x ! location
L of zero shear
(b) 6 A!
1! q 1bh q
2
d . (Note: 2EI
Use the 3
second-order differential equation of the A B
a b Ld 1 x x q! 0.52753 L
max max x
3 26R2A " 2 x " a bx ! 0
deflection curve.)find xPL
! 3location of zero shear
;
2 L2
3x2 +load
& triang. " 4L2 ! 0
h 6Lx (q/2) dB " $#(L) "
MAX. BENDING STRESS DUE 2TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q 3EI
q
1 x q
qL 2 RA " x " a bx ! 0 L
1 "6q L " 11184 q 1L 2 2 2 2 L2
" 6Lx " 4L2;
RA ! xc !a b L + a 8 b L d
2s 2 ! 2(3) 3 22
PL
b max uB " $#¿(L)
3x2 + 2EI !0
uniformx load (q/2) &11triang. load (q/2)
! a "1 +a 184b
zero shear bh2 b
1L 66
RA ! qL
! 0.52753
x3maxLOAD
(These results
Solution 9.3-9agree
L with
Simple
"6 Case
1184
" beam L224, Table
(couple M0) G-1.)
2
ZOIDAL
bx ! 0 q L x!
ind x ! location of zero shear 2(3) (EQ. 9-12a)
BENDING-MOMENT EQUATION B.C. n(0) " 0 ! C2 " 0
h2
0 q 1 x q x1 M0 L
RA " x " a
2 2 L2
bx ! 0 EI#– " M x"!M0aa1
"1$+L b 184b B.C. n(L) " 0 ‹ C1 " $
L!4m b ! 140 mm L 6 3
q/2)
L222+ 6Lx " 4L2 ! 0
3x
;
2 M0 x
EI#¿ " M0xax
max$! x0.52753
b + C1L #" $ (2L2 $ 3Lx + x2)
"6 L " 1184 L 2 2
2L 6LEI
x!
2(3)
4b x2 x3
of!the EI# " yM0 a b + C1x + C2
a "1deflection
+ 184b curve
x 1 $
2 6L
uple M0 at6 the left-hand
L
xkN #maximum
max !
the m0.52753 L deflection M0
erential; A B
MPa equation of the x
LOAD q

(couple M0)
Q. 9-12a)
B.C. n(0) " 0 ! C2 " 0
M0 L
B.C. n(L) " 0 ‹ C1 " $