SELF- LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET QUARTER 2 WEEK 3

How the Different Body Systems Work

Lesson Together (Respiratory, Circulatory and
4 Nervous Systems)

In your previous lesson, you learned that different systems of the body carry out
different functions. For example, your digestive system is responsible for taking in and
processing food, while your respiratory system—working with your circulatory system—is
responsible for taking up oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide. The muscular and skeletal
systems are crucial for movement; the
reproductive system handles reproduction; and
the excretory system gets rid of metabolic waste.
Although each organ has its specific
functions, organs also function together in groups that’s why they are called organ systems.
Organ systems often work together to do complicated tasks. For example, after a large
meal is eaten, several organ systems work together to help the digestive system obtain more
blood to perform its functions. The digestive system enlists the aid of the cardiovascular
system and the nervous system. Blood vessels of the digestive system widen to transport
more blood. Nerve impulses are sent to the brain, notifying it of the increased digestive
activity. The digestive system even directly stimulates the heart through nerve impulses and
chemicals released into the bloodstream. The heart responds by pumping more blood. The
brain responds by perceiving less hunger, more fullness, and less interest in vigorous physical
(musculoskeletal system) activity, which preserves more blood to be used by the digestive
system instead of by skeletal muscles.

Let’s Try
Look at the illustration carefully. Give the function of the organ shown in the
picture to complete the statements below.

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1. I am your . I am responsible for the _________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

2. I am your . I ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

Name of School: Pata Integrated School

Address: Pata East, Claveria, Cagayan
Telephone Nos.: 09053189833
Email Address: 102618@deped.gov.ph
 3. I am your . My function is to ________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

4. I am your . My task is to ____________________________________

___________________________________________________________________.

5. I am your . I am the _____________________________________

___________________________________________________________________.

The Different Body Systems

1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The respiratory system is the network of

organs and tissues that help you breathe. It
includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels.
The muscles that power your lungs are also part of
the respiratory system. These parts work together to
move oxygen throughout the body and clean out
waste gases like carbon dioxide.
The respiratory system is responsible for
the exchange of gases such as carbon dioxide to
oxygen in the bloodstream. Respiratory process
starts from the nostrils, pharynx, to the trachea,
into the bronchi and to the lungs.
Air enters the nasal cavity in which cilia moisten the air and it goes to the trachea down
to the bronchi in which it is divided into two smaller tube called bronchioles then to the lungs.

2. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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 The circulatory system acts
as the transport system that
moves the blood throughout the
body. This system works together with other organs like kidneys and lungs to dispose body
waste such as carbon dioxide and liquid waste from the blood. It flows and circulates in
different directions throughout the body.
The heart is the vital organ in the circulatory system that pumps blood to all body parts. The
blood vessels are the railway station of the blood which enables blood to reach different parts
of the body. Blood is another component of the circulatory system as it circulates to all parts of
the body, and it transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carries the waste materials
from the cells.

3. NERVOUS SYSTEM

The nervous system is made up of all the nerve cells in your body. It is through the
nervous system that we communicate with the outside world and, at the same time, many
mechanisms inside our body are controlled. The nervous system takes in information through

Name of School: Pata Integrated School

Address: Pata East, Claveria, Cagayan
Telephone Nos.: 09053189833
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our senses, processes the information and triggers reactions, such as making your muscles
move or causing you to feel pain. For example, if you touch a hot plate, you reflexively pull
back your hand and your sensory nerves endings simultaneously send pain signals to your
spinal cord and back to the affected organ of the sense organ. Metabolic processes are also
controlled by the nervous system.
Its major parts are the brain, spinal cord, and neurons or nerve cells.
The brain is the control unit of the body as it interprets messages, makes judgments,
interprets sensations, and thinks creatively.
The spinal cord is a cordlike material encased in a spinal column that links between the
brain and the PNS. It is also responsible for a reflex action or an instantaneous movement that
protects the body from harm.
The neurons or nerve cells are the working unit of the nervous system as they transmit
information to the nerve cells, muscles, or gland cells.

Let’s Check

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Address: Pata East, Claveria, Cagayan
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2. Label the parts of the respiratory system.

3. Label the parts of the nervous system.

Name of School: Pata Integrated School
Address: Pata East, Claveria, Cagayan
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 How the Different Organ Systems Work
Together

1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts or move down which causes the chest cavity
to expand allowing air to move into the lungs? The movement of your ribcage and the
diaphragm causes your chest cavity to expand, lowering the air pressure in your lungs. As a
result, air rushes into your lungs causing them to expand and fill the chest cavity.
During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes returning to its normal resting position. As
you breathe out your chest falls and contracts. In the breathing cycle, inhaling and exhaling,
moves air into and out of the lungs and it is where exchange of gases takes place in the air sacs.
Carbon dioxide is expelled in the body while oxygen goes to the blood with the nutrients to be
distributed to all parts of the body. The outer movement made by the diaphragm and the
muscles in between your ribs provide the mechanical energy for breathing.

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 The Process of Breathing

Most of the time, breathing is an unconscious response. Its rate depends on the activity
level of the body. When you are asleep, your breathing slows down. If you do strenuous
activities your breathing speeds up. During sleep, your cells burn and produce less carbon
dioxide than when you are awake.
Every living cell uses oxygen to get energy from food and much of this energy is used
to keep you warm. When you get cold the cells release extra energy to warm the body. Energy
is also used for growth and repair of body cells and tissues. For example, bone cells use energy
to make new bones. Your muscle cells use energy every time you move. Sometimes you use
your muscles too much, in this case they cannot release energy from nutrients, so you feel tired.
When you are doing strenuous activities, your muscles cells get more oxygen and nutrients
from your blood and release more energy. Without oxygen, cells cannot get energy from food.
Without energy, cells cannot do the activities that keep them alive.

2. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The circulatory system is made up of blood vessels that carry blood away from and
towards the heart. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood back to the

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Address: Pata East, Claveria, Cagayan
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heart. The circulatory system carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes
waste products, like carbon dioxide.

Pulmonary Circulation – is the movement of deoxygenated blood from the heart and into
the lungs
Deoxygenated or oxygen-poor blood coming from the organs and tissues of the body
passes to a major vein, the vena cava. The vena cava branches into-the superior vena cava
that collects blood from the heart and neck region and the inferior vena cava convey this
blood into the heart, where it is received by the right atrium(RA) The blood is then pumped
by the right atrium into the right ventricle(RV).

 The
As the blood
heart is theflows
vital from
organthe RAcirculatory
in the to the RV,system
the tricuspid valves
that pumps between
blood them parts.
to all body are
open
The blood vessels are the railway station of the blood which enables blood to reach different
partsof When
the body. Blood
the RV is another
contracts, component
blood of the
is forced into thecirculatory system
lungs passing as itthe
through circulates to all
pulmonary
parts of artery.
the body and it transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carries the waste
materials
 Infrom the cells.
the lungs the pulmonary artery subdivides until the smallest pulmonary arterioles
formed. The pulmonary arterioles are connected to the networks of pulmonary
capillaries that transverse the entire lungs.

 As blood reaches the network of capillaries that covers the air sacs, exchange of
gases occurs between the thin membranes of the cell in the air sacs and capillaries.

 As the blood leaves the air sacs, the oxygen-rich blood passes through capillaries and
then into the smallest vein called venules. Venules fused together, forming small
veins and the blood reaches the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary veins then convey
the blood to the LA of the heart, completing the pulmonary circulation.

Name of School: Pata Integrated School

Address: Pata East, Claveria, Cagayan
Telephone Nos.: 09053189833
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Systemic circulation is the movement of oxygenated blood from the heart to the
different parts of the body. This will start from the left atrium (LA) that receives the
oxygenated blood from the lungs.

 When LA contracts, the blood goes to the left ventricle (LV)

 As the blood moves from the LA to the LV, the bicuspid valves or mitral valves
between them are open. Contraction of the LV forces the blood to the different parts
of the body by way of the aorta, the largest artery.

 As blood passes through the aorta, the aortic semilunar valves within it are open. The
aorta subdivides into small arteries, then forms the smallest arteries called arterioles.
The arterioles are connected to the capillaries.

 When the blood reaches the capillaries, exchange of gases takes place between the
blood and the body cells.

Coronary Circulation is the path of blood within the heart. The heart needs its own reliable
blood supply in order to keep beating. It needs to be nourished with oxygen and nutrients and
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to remove its waste. There
Address: Pataare two
East, main Cagayan
Claveria, coronary arteries, the left & right coronary arteries.
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These arteries branch further to form several major branches. The coronary arteries nourish
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the vast capillary network.
 3. NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous system is made up of all the nerve cells in your body. It is through the
nervous system that we communicate with the outside world and, at the same time, many
mechanisms inside our body are controlled. The nervous system takes in information through
our senses, processes the information and triggers reactions, such as making your muscles
move or causing you to feel pain. For example, if you touch a hot plate, you reflexively pull
back your hand and your sensory nerves endings simultaneously send pain signals to your
spinal cord and back to the affected organ of the sense organ. Metabolic processes are also
controlled by the nervous system.
There are many billions of nerve cells, also called neurons, in the nervous system. The
brain alone has about 100 billion neurons in it. Each neuron has a cell body and various
extensions. The shorter extensions (called dendrites) act like antennae: they receive signals
from, for example, other neurons and pass them on to the cell body. The signals are then passed
on via a long extension (the axon), which can be up to a meter long.

Name of School: Pata Integrated School

Address: Pata East, Claveria, Cagayan
Telephone Nos.: 09053189833
Email Address: 102618@deped.gov.ph
 The nervous system has two parts, called the central nervous system and the peripheral
nervous system due to their location in the body. The central nervous system (CNS) includes
the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. It is safely contained within the skull and vertebral canal
of the spine. All of the other nerves in the body are part of the peripheral nervous system
(PNS).
Regardless of where they are in the body, a distinction can also be made between
voluntary and involuntary nervous system. The voluntary nervous system (somatic nervous
system) controls all the things that we are aware of and can consciously influence, such as
moving our arms, legs and other parts of the body.
The involuntary nervous system (vegetative or autonomic nervous system) regulates the
processes in the body that we cannot consciously influence. It is constantly active, regulating
things such as breathing, heart beat and metabolic processes. It does this by receiving signals
from the brain and passing them on to the body. It can also send signals in the other direction –
from the body to the brain – providing your brain with information about how full your bladder
is or how quickly your heart is beating, for example. The involuntary nervous system can react
quickly to changes, altering processes in the body to adapt. For instance, if your body gets too
hot, your involuntary nervous system increases the blood circulation to your skin and makes
you sweat more to cool your body down again.

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems usually do opposite things in the
body. The sympathetic nervous system prepares your body for physical and mental activity. It
makes your heart beat faster and stronger, opens your airways so you can breathe more easily,
and inhibits digestion.

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for bodily functions when we are at
rest: it stimulates digestion, activates various metabolic processes and helps us to relax. But
the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems do not always work in opposite
directions; they sometimes complement each other too.

What is Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System?

Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System

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 It is the part of the autonomic nervous system, located near the thoracic and lumbar
regions in the spinal cord. Its primary function is to stimulate the body’s fight or flight
response. It does this by regulating the heart rate, rate of respiration, pupillary response and
more.

Parasympathetic Autonomic Nervous System

It is located in between the spinal cord and the medulla. It primarily stimulates the
body’s “rest and digest” and “feed and breed” response.

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for the “fight or flight”
response during any potential danger. On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous
system inhibits the body from overworking and restores the body to a calm and composed
state. The difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are
differentiated, based on the way the body responds to environmental stimuli.

Name of School: Pata Integrated School

Address: Pata East, Claveria, Cagayan
Telephone Nos.: 09053189833
Email Address: 102618@deped.gov.ph
Let’s Do It
Activity 1
Trace the sequence of how blood circulates to the legs, beginning with the blood
leaving the left atrium. Use the word box below.

Activity 2
Directions: Using numbers arrange the statements below in order to show how the
nervous system works.

_____________ 1. Then to the brain

_____________ 2. Message from sense organ

_____________ 3. Is carried to the spinal cord

_____________ 4. Back to the spinal cord

_____________ 5. Back to the body organ which will do the desired

action.

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Address: Pata East, Claveria, Cagayan
Telephone Nos.: 09053189833
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Activity 3
Each of the following goes with either inhaling or exhaling. Place a checkmark (√)
in the box where you think each statement belongs.

ACTIVITIES INHALING EXHALING

Air moves out of the lungs
Air moves into the lungs
Ribs move out
Ribs move in
Chest space becomes smaller
Chest space becomes larger
Diaphragm moves down
Diaphragm moves up

Interactions of the Organ Systems with the

Nervous System

The Human body is actually an amazing

coalition of many different systems that work together
to keep everything functioning correctly. For example, some systems handle food and energy, while
others focus on taking in oxygen and moving it around the body. By learning about the different
systems working inside the body, you can understand how each system work with the others to keep
us healthy, growing strong, and functioning well.
All the systems within the body interact with one another to keep an organism healthy.
Although each system has specific functions, they are all interconnected and dependent on one
another. The nervous system controls various organs of the body directly. The brain also receives
information from many organs of the body and adjusts signals to these organs to maintain proper
functioning.
Your brain and spinal cord are the major parts of the central nervous system. Different parts
of your body send messages to the brain through the nerves and spinal cord. Once your brain gets
these messages, it responds by interpreting the messages and reacting. The brain can then send
instructions out to the body.
The table below shows the information of the interaction of the Nervous system with the
different body systems.

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 System Functions Interactions with the Nervous
System
RESPIRATORY 1. The respiratory system supplies 1. The brain monitors
oxygen to the blood and removes respiratory process
carbon dioxide.
2. The brain controls the
respiratory rate.

CIRCULATORY 1. The circulatory system carries 1. The brain controls blood and
nutrients to the cells and carries heartbeat activities.
away waste products of the cells.
2. The brain regulates heart rate
2. The heart pumps blood to all parts and blood pressure.
of the body.

Let’s Have More

Explain how the given pair of body system work with one another.

1.

2.

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 3.

SCIENCE 6
SUMMATIVE TEST
Week 4

Name:________________________________________________ Score:___________
Directions: Answer the following questions. Choose the letter of the best

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Address: Pata East, Claveria, Cagayan
Telephone Nos.: 09053189833
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 answer.
1. During inhalation the diaphragm contracts or moves down, what happens to the chest
cavity?
a. Expand c. relax
b. c. moves up d. the same position

2. The movement of your ribcage and diaphragm causes the chest cavity to
a. Expand c. relax
b. c. moves down d. contracts

3. During exhalation diaphragm becomes

a. Relax and return to its normal position c. low air pressure
b. Contracts d. moves up

4. When doing strenuous activities breathing will be

a. Speeds up c. slows down
b. c. normal speed d. nothing changes

5. Where do we get energy being used in our body?

a. A. from the sun c. from the food
b. c. water d. vitamins and mineral

6. When you used your muscles too much you feel

a. Relax c. comfortable
b. tired d. hungry

7. Carbon dioxide leaves in our body through

a. Inhalation c. exhalation
b. respiration d. transpiration

8. When air goes to the air sacs oxygen goes to the

a. wall of the air sacs c. wall of the lungs
b. walls of the heart d. wall of bronchioles

9. Why do we need oxygen? All your answers are correct except one
a. To stay alive c. to have energy
b. break down sugar d. to maintain balance.

10. What is the major organ in the respiratory system?

a. Heart b. lungs c. kidneys d. brain

Name of School: Pata Integrated School

Address: Pata East, Claveria, Cagayan
Telephone Nos.: 09053189833
Email Address: 102618@deped.gov.ph
Prepared by:

MARILOU U. PACLOB
Teacher III

Reviewed and Evaluated by:

BERNALDO R, MACUGAY, JR., PhD

Master Teacher I

Attested by:

ELISA P. CASTILLEJOS
Principal II

Name of School: Pata Integrated School

Address: Pata East, Claveria, Cagayan
Telephone Nos.: 09053189833
Email Address: 102618@deped.gov.ph