PL/SQL

SQL> set serverout on;

SQL> Declare
message varchar2(20):='Hello World';
begin
dbms_output.put_line(message);
end;
/
OUTPUT
Hello World

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> Declare
var number (05);
begin
var:=100;
dbms_output.put_line('var='||var);
end;
/
OUTPUT
var=100

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> Declare
a number(10);
b number(10);
c number(10);
begin
a:= &a;
b:= &b;
c:= a+b;
dbms_output.put_line('Sum='||c);
end;
/
OUTPUT
Enter value for a: 5
old 6: a:= &a;
new 6: a:= 5;
Enter value for b: 8
old 7: b:= &b;
new 7: b:= 8;
Sum=13

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> Declare
a number(10);
b number(10);
c number(10);
begin
a:= &a;
b:= &b;
c:= a/b;
dbms_output.put_line('div='||c);
exception when others then
dbms_output.put_line('check value of b');
end;
/
OUTPUT
Enter value for a: 6
old 6: a:= &a;
new 6: a:= 6;
Enter value for b: 0
old 7: b:= &b;
new 7: b:= 0;
check value of b

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 Execution of DML statements in PL/SQL block

SQL> create table dept1(dept_id int,dept_name char(25));

Table created.

SQL> begin
insert into dept1 values(1,'sales');
end;
/

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> begin
update dept1 set dept_name='finance' where dept_id=1;
end;
/

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> begin
delete from dept1;
end;
/

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 Control Structure
IF
SQL> declare
a number(6):=10;
b number(6);
begin
b:=a+12;
if(a<b) then
dbms_output.put_line(a||' is less than '||b);
end if;
end;
/
OUTPUT
10 is less than 22
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

If else
SQL>declare
a number(6):=10;
b number(6);
begin
b:=a-2;
if(a<b) then
dbms_output.put_line(a||' is less than '||b);
else
dbms_output.put_line(a||' is greater than '||b);
end if;
end;
/
OUTPUT
10 is greater than 8

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Elseif
SQL> declare
a number;
b number;
c number;
begin
dbms_output.put_line('Enter a: ');
a:=&a;
dbms_output.put_line('Enter b: ');
b:=&b;
dbms_output.put_line('Enter c: ');
c:=&c;
if(a>b) and (a>c) then
dbms_output.put_line(' a is maximum');
elsif(b>a) and (b>c) then
dbms_output.put_line(' b is maximum');
else
dbms_output.put_line(' c is maximum');
end if;
end;
/
OUTPUT
Enter value for a: 12
old 8: a:=&a;
new 8: a:=12;
Enter value for b: 34
old 10: b:=&b;
new 10: b:=34;
Enter value for c: 41
old 12: c:=&c;
new 12: c:=41;
Enter a:
Enter b:
Enter c:
c is maximum

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Case
SQL> declare
gradein CHAR(1):= UPPER('&pgrade');
gcheck VARCHAR2(20);
begin
gcheck:=
CASE gradein
when 'A' then 'Excellent'
when 'B' then 'Very Good'
when 'C' then 'Good'
else 'No such grade'
end;
dbms_output.put_line('Grade :'||gradein ||' Result '||gcheck);
end;
/
OUTPUT
Enter value for pgrade: A
old 2: gradein CHAR(1):= UPPER('&pgrade');
new 2: gradein CHAR(1):= UPPER('A');
Grade :A Result Excellent

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 Trigger
SQL> create or replace trigger tr1 before
insert or update or delete on tcl
begin
if to_char(sysdate, 'DY') in ('FRI','SAT','SUN')
then
raise_application_error(-20123,'We cannot perform DML operation on last 3 days of week');
end if;
end;
/

Trigger created.

SQL> insert into tcl values('0863CS211012','Riya');

insert into tcl values('0863CS211012','Riya')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-20123: We cannot perform DML operation on last 3 days of week
ORA-06512: at "SYSTEM.TR1", line 4
ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger 'SYSTEM.TR1'

SQL> create or replace trigger tr2 before

insert or update or delete on tcl
begin
if sysdate=last_day(sysdate)
then
raise_application_error(-20111,'We cannot perform DML operation on last day of month');
end if;
end;
/

Trigger created.
 PROCEDURE
SQL>create or replace PROCEDURE greetings
as
begin
dbms_output.put_line('Good Morning Pooja Mam');
end;
/
Procedure created.

SQL> execute greetings;

Good Morning Pooja Mam

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> begin
greetings;
end;
/
Good Morning Pooja Mam

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> create or replace PROCEDURE squareNum(x IN OUT number) IS
begin
x:=x*x;
end;
/
Procedure created.

SQL> declare
a number;
begin
a:=4;
squareNum(a);
dbms_output.put_line('Square of (4): ' ||a);
end;
/
Square of (4): 16
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 FUNCTION
SQL> create FUNCTION FindMin( x IN number,y IN number)
return number
is
z number;
begin
if x<y then
z:=x;
else
z:=y;
end if;
return z;
end;
/

Function created.

SQL> declare
a number;
b number;
c number;
begin
a:=5;
b:=34;
c:= FindMin(a,b);
dbms_output.put_line('Maximum of (5,34): '||c);
end;
/
Maximum of (5,34): 5

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 Cursor
IMPLICIT CURSOR
SQL>declare
x emp% rowtype;
begin
select * from emp where empno=7369;
dbms_output.put_line(x.empno || ',' || x.ename);
end;
/
EXPLICIT CURSOR

SQL> declare
cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp;
Vno emp.emp%type;
Vname emp.ename%type;
Vsal emp.sal%type;
begin
open c1;
loop
fetch c1 into Vno,Vname,Vsal;
dbms_output.put_line(Vno || ','||Vname ||','|| Vsal);
end loop;
close c1;
end;
/