October

2021

Science project
natural resources
Name: Aastha turkar IX C
 An introduction to natural resources
Natural resources are materials or substances occurring in nature which can be
exploited for economic gain.

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Various physical
resources
Some of the most common physical resources
include raw materials, buildings and facilities,
machinery, energy, and supplies.

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 Classification of natural resources
In terms of the source of origin, natural resources can be divided into the following types:
• Biotic: these resources come from living and organic material, such as forests and animals, and include the materials that can be obtained
them. Biotic natural resources also include fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum which are formed from organic matter that has decayed.
• Abiotic: these resources come from non-living and non-organic material. Examples of these resources include land, fresh water, air, and heavy
metals (gold, iron, copper, silver, etc.).
Natural resources can also be categorized based on their stage of development including:
• Potential resources: these are resources that exist in a region and may be used in the future. For example, if a country has petroleum in
sedimentary rocks, it is a potential resource until it is actually drilled out of the rock and put to use.
• Actual resources: these are resources that have been surveyed, their quantity and quality has been determined, and they are currently being
used. The development of actual resources is dependent on technology.
• Reserve resources: this is the part of an actual resource that can be developed profitably in the future.
• Stock resources: these are resources that have been surveyed, but cannot be used due a lack of technology. An example of a stock resource
is hydrogen.
Natural resources are also classified based on their renewability:
• Renewable natural resources: these are resources that can be replenished. Examples of renewable resources include sunlight, air, and wind.
They are available continuously and their quantity is not noticeably affected by human consumption. However, renewable resources do not
have a rapid recovery rate and are susceptible to depletion if they are overused.
• Non-renewable natural resources: these resources form extremely slow and do not naturally form in the environment. A resource is
considered to be non-renewable when their rate of consumption exceeds the rate of recovery. Examples of non-renewable natural resources
are minerals and fossil fuels. 4
The breath of life: Air
Air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide
and water vapour. Oxygen gas present in air is essential to living
organisms for respiration. That is why air is called breath of life. Air
being a bad conductor of heat helps to maintain the moderate
temperature on earth. Air is an invisible mixture of several gases,
water vapour, and impurities. The mixture of gases includes
nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), carbon dioxide (0.3%), and other
trace gases (0.7%). The air surrounding the earth is called the
atmosphere. The atmosphere is divided into distinct layers-
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere,
and ionosphere.
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Movement of air: wind
Wind is the movement of air caused by the uneven heating of the
Earth by the sun. Warm equatorial air rises higher into the
atmosphere and migrates toward the poles. This is a low-pressure
system. At the same time, cooler, denser air moves over Earth's
surface toward the Equator to replace the heated air.

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Role of air in bringing rain across India
Movement of air plays an
important role in bringing rains
in India. Due to its peninsular
shape and differences in
temperature and
pressure,monsoon winds are
prevalent in India. In summer
season southwest monsoon is
active while during winter
season northeast monsoon is
active.
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An introduction to air pollution
Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car
emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold spores
may be suspended as particles. Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air
pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution, it's also called
smog.

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Sources of air pollution
• mobile sources – such as cars, buses, planes, trucks, and trains
• stationary sources – such as power plants, oil refineries, industrial
facilities, and factories
• area sources – such as agricultural areas, cities, and wood burning
fireplaces
• natural sources – such as wind-blown dust, wildfires, and
volcanoes

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Effects of air pollution on human health
Air pollution is a major concern of new civilized world, which has a serious
toxicological impact on human health and the environment. It has a number of
different emission sources, but motor vehicles and industrial processes
contribute the major part of air pollution. According to the World Health
Organization, six major air pollutants include particle pollution, ground-level
ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and lead. Long and
short term exposure to air suspended toxicants has a different toxicological
impact on human including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases,
neuropsychiatric complications, the eyes irritation, skin diseases, and long-term
chronic diseases such as cancer. Several reports have revealed the direct
association between exposure to the poor air quality and increasing rate of
morbidity and mortality mostly due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
Air pollution is considered as the major environmental risk factor in the
incidence and progression of some diseases such as asthma, lung cancer,
ventricular hypertrophy

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Effects of air pollution on human health
(pictures)

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Ozone layer
Ozone layer is a layer in the earth's
stratosphere at an altitude of about 10
km (6.2 miles) containing a high
concentration of ozone, which absorbs
most of the ultraviolet radiation reaching
the earth from the sun.

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Holes in ozone: why are they caused:
Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and
halons—gases formerly found in aerosol spray cans and
refrigerants—are released into the atmosphere. CFCs and halons
cause chemical reactions that break down ozone molecules,
reducing ozone's ultraviolet radiation-absorbing capacity.

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Effects of holes in ozone layer
Ozone layer depletion causes increased UV radiation levels at the
Earth's surface, which is damaging to human health. Negative
effects include increases in certain types of skin cancers, eye
cataracts and immune deficiency disorders.

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