TEACH ELEM 213A Each career stage has its own set of indicators
(SCIENCE) that teachers must meet in order to be considered
proficient in that stage.
LESSON 1:
The PPST is divided into seven domains:
The Philippine Professional Standards for
Teachers (PPST) is a set of standards that define
the knowledge, skills, and values that teachers
should possess in order to effectively teach and
learn. It is a public statement of what teachers
need to know, value, and be able to do in their
practice.
The PPST has four career stages:
1. Beginning: Teachers in the "Beginning"
stage are typically early in their teaching
careers and are still developing their
foundational knowledge and skills. They
may require more guidance and support
from mentors and colleagues as they gain
experience.
2. Proficient: Teachers in the "Proficient"
stage have gained significant experience
and expertise in their teaching practice.
They are capable of planning and
delivering effective lessons, assessing
student learning, and creating a positive
learning environment. They are
considered competent educators.
3. Highly Proficient: Teachers in the "Highly
Proficient" stage have achieved a high
level of competence and expertise in their
teaching. They are able to address a wide
range of student needs, adapt their
teaching strategies effectively, and
contribute to the improvement of teaching
and learning in their school or community.
4. Distinguished: Teachers in the
"Distinguished" stage are recognized as
exceptional educators who have made
significant contributions to the teaching
profession. They may serve as mentors,
leaders, or advocates for education, and
they are often involved in innovative
practices, research, or policy development.
1. Content Knowledge and Pedagogy: This
domain focuses on the teacher's mastery of
subject matter content and their ability to
effectively convey this knowledge to
students. It includes pedagogical skills,
instructional strategies, and the use of
appropriate teaching methods.
2. Learning Environment: Teachers are
expected to create a safe, inclusive, and
conducive learning environment that
promotes active student engagement,
respect for diversity, and a positive
classroom atmosphere. This domain
emphasizes classroom management,
relationship-building, and fostering a
supportive atmosphere for learning.
3. Diversity of Learners: In this domain,
teachers acknowledge and address the
diverse characteristics, needs, and
experiences of their students. This
includes differentiating instruction to
accommodate varying learning styles,
abilities, and backgrounds.
4. Curriculum and Planning: Teachers are
responsible for designing and
implementing a curriculum that aligns
with national and local standards. This
domain encompasses curriculum
development, lesson planning, and the
integration of relevant and meaningful
content.
5. Assessment and Reporting: Teachers are
skilled in designing effective assessments
to gauge student learning and progress.
They also provide timely and constructive
feedback to students and communicate
student performance to stakeholders,
including parents and guardians.
6. Community Linkages and Professional
Engagement: This domain emphasizes the
importance of building positive
 relationships and collaborations with
parents, community members, and other
stakeholders to support the education and
well-being of students. It also includes
active involvement in professional
organizations and networks.
7. Personal Growth and Professional
Development: Continuous self-
improvement and professional
development are essential for educators.
Teachers in this domain engage in
ongoing learning, reflection, and the
pursuit of opportunities for growth in their
teaching practice.
The domains are interrelated and overlapping,
and teachers need to be proficient in all of them
in order to be effective.
The PPST is used as a basis for all learning and
development programs for teachers, as well as for
the selection and promotion of teachers. It is also
used for performance appraisals.
The PPST is a valuable tool for teachers, teacher
educators, and policymakers. It helps to ensure
that teachers have the knowledge, skills, and
values they need to effectively teach and learn.
Here are some of the benefits of the PPST:
 It provides a clear and concise framework
for teachers to develop their professional
practice.
 It helps teachers to identify their strengths
and areas for improvement.
 It provides a common language for
teachers, teacher educators, and
policymakers to discuss teacher quality.
 It can be used to assess teacher
performance and to develop professional
development programs.
The PPST is a living document that is constantly
evolving to meet the needs of teachers and
learners. It is an important tool for ensuring that
all students have access to high-quality
education.
Here are some of the ways that the PPST can be
used to improve teacher quality:
 By providing a clear and concise
framework for teachers to develop their
professional practice, the PPST can help
teachers to become more reflective and
intentional about their teaching.
 By helping teachers to identify their
strengths and areas for improvement, the
PPST can guide teachers in their
professional development.
 By providing a common language for
teachers, teacher educators, and
policymakers to discuss teacher quality,
the PPST can help to ensure that all
stakeholders are working towards the
same goals.
 By being used to assess teacher
performance and to develop professional
development programs, the PPST can help
to ensure that teachers are meeting the
highest standards of practice.
LESSON 2:
The elementary science curriculum in the
Philippines uses a spiral progression approach.
This means that the same topics are revisited
throughout the elementary grades, but with
increasing complexity and depth. This approach
allows students to build on their previous
knowledge and understanding as they learn new
concepts.
The following are some of the major content
areas covered in elementary science in a spiral
progression:
 Matter and its properties: This includes
topics such as the states of matter, the
 properties of solids, liquids, and gases,
and the composition of matter.
 Forces and motion: This includes topics
such as the forces of push and pull, the
motion of objects, and the laws of motion.
 Energy: This includes topics such as the
different forms of energy, the
transformation of energy, and the
conservation of energy.
 Living things: This includes topics such as
the characteristics of living things, the
classification of living things, and the
interactions of living things with their
environment.
 Earth and space: This includes topics such
as the structure of the Earth, the solar
system, and the universe.
In addition to these major content areas,
elementary science also includes topics such as
the scientific method, the nature of science, and
the importance of science in our lives.
The spiral progression approach is a well-
established and effective way to teach science. It
allows students to build on their previous
knowledge and understanding as they learn new
concepts. This approach also helps students to
develop a deeper understanding of science
concepts and to see how these concepts are
interconnected.
Here are some of the benefits of using a spiral
progression approach to teaching science:
 It allows students to build on their
previous knowledge and understanding.
 It helps students to develop a deeper
understanding of science concepts.
 It helps students to see how science
concepts are interconnected.
 It helps students to develop critical
thinking and problem-solving skills.
 It helps students to develop a positive
attitude towards science.
The spiral progression approach is a valuable tool
for helping students to learn science effectively.
It is an approach that has been used for many
years and has been proven to be effective.
LESSON 3:
Teaching science in the elementary grades is a
critical component of a well-rounded education.
It helps students develop their curiosity, critical
thinking skills, and an understanding of the
natural world. Here are some key considerations
and strategies for effective science education in
elementary school:
1. Hands-On Learning: Elementary science
education should prioritize hands-on,
inquiry-based learning experiences.
Students learn best when they can actively
explore, observe, and manipulate
materials. Conducting experiments,
investigations, and simple projects allows
students to engage with scientific concepts
directly.
2. Curriculum and Standards: Teachers
should follow a structured science
curriculum aligned with national or state
standards. This ensures that students are
exposed to a well-rounded set of scientific
concepts and skills appropriate for their
grade level.
3. Integration of Subjects: Science can be
integrated with other subjects such as
mathematics, language arts, and social
studies. This interdisciplinary approach
 helps students see the connections
between different areas of knowledge and
makes learning more meaningful.
4. Use of Technology: Incorporate age-
appropriate technology, such as
educational apps, interactive simulations,
and multimedia resources, to enhance
science instruction and engage students in
the digital age.

5. Real-World Relevance: Relate science

concepts to real-world situations and
phenomena that students can understand
10. Outdoor Learning: Whenever possible,
and appreciate.
take advantage of outdoor learning
This helps students see the practical
opportunities. Field trips, nature walks,
applications of science in their daily lives.
and outdoor experiments can provide
6. Encourage Questions: Foster a classroom
valuable firsthand experiences with the
environment where students are
natural environment.
encouraged to ask questions and express
11. Inquiry-Based Projects: Encourage
their curiosity. Encourage them to wonder
students to design and carry out their own
about the natural world and guide them in
science projects or investigations. This
finding answers through inquiry.
promotes independent thinking, problem-
7. Assessment and Feedback: Use a variety
solving, and a deeper understanding of
of assessment methods, including
scientific principles.
formative and summative assessments, to
12. Community and Parent Involvement:
gauge student understanding. Provide
Involve parents and the local community
constructive feedback to help students
in science education. Guest speakers,
improve their scientific thinking and
science fairs, and community partnerships
communication skills.
can enhance students' exposure to real-
8. Safety: Emphasize the importance of
world science.
safety in the science classroom. Teach
13. Teacher Professional Development:
students proper lab and safety procedures
Continuous professional development is
and ensure they understand potential risks
essential for science educators. Stay
associated with experiments and activities.
updated on current research and teaching
9. Differentiated Instruction: Recognize that
methods to provide the best science
students have varying levels of prior
education possible.
knowledge and learning styles.
Differentiate instruction to meet the needs Teaching science in elementary grades should be
of diverse learners, providing support for an exciting and engaging experience that sparks
struggling students and challenging students' curiosity and lays the foundation for a
opportunities for those who excel. lifelong interest in scientific exploration.
Effective teaching methods and a well-structured
curriculum are essential for achieving this goal.