Dual Axis: Automated Solar Powered Mini Lamp

Post

A Science Investigatory Project of

SOUTH COTABATO DIVISION

Octavio Village, Cannery Site, Polomolok, South Cotabato

(PHYSICAL SCIENCE – TEAM)

By:

KARIENE JAE A. POLIQUIT

NIEL ZSUN JOHN S. VEGA

ROWELLE J A. LABAJO

Researchers

ARDON G. SABALOSA

SIP Adviser

June 2022
RESEARCH
PROPOSAL
 Table of Contents

Contents Page Number

Executive Summary…………………………………………1

Rationale…………………………………………………….2

Objectives of the Study……………………………………...3

Significance of the Study……………………………………4

Review of Related Literature and Studies…………………..5

Methodology………………………………………………16

Process Model……………………………………………...16

Hardware Development……………………………………17

Expected Output…………………………………………...18

Workplan and Target Deliverables………………………...19

References………………………………………………….23

Curriculum Vitae…………………………………………...24

iii
Executive Summary

Inflammation is a tremendous concern in the Philippines, particularly

the massive rise in electricity prices, which are excessive since we procure

almost the entirety of our energy from other nations. The purpose of the

project is to develop a solar-powered, dual-axis automated mini lamp post that

turns off throughout the day and on at night. Throughout this project, a

dual-axis solar tracker will be installed towards the photovoltaic panels, which

integrates servomotors to pan as per the placement of the light source,

enabling more and faster energy collection.This invention will be created to

provide an alternative source of energy in situations where electricity is

inaccessible and there are no electrical communes. It will be a device that will

help electricity users drastically reduce their expenditure. The dual-axis solar

panel will be responsible for tracking or detecting any light source using

light-detecting resistors. The lamp achieves its primary goal: it automatically

turns on and off regardless of whether it is day or night.

1
Rationale

One of the primary issues in the Philippines is inflammation, particularly

the rapid rise in electricity cost which is expensive because most of our energy

comes from other nations. The goal of the project is to develop a dual axis

automated solar powered mini lamp post that would automatically turn off

during the day and on at night. It employs a 12v charge controller to charge

the solar panel’s battery. In this study, a dual axis solar tracker is added to the

solar panel, which pans according to the location of the light source using

servomotors, allowing for greater and better energy gathering. This device will

be created to give an alternate source of electricity in locations where there is

no access to electricity and where electrical cooperatives are not available. It

will be an aid that helps a household’s electrical consumer reduce their

electricity usage. The dual axis solar panel will be able to track or follow any

source of light using light detecting resistors. The lamp achieves its intended

function – it automatically turns on and off depending on whether it is day or

night. To aid this problem, this study will intend to develop an automated mini

solar powered automated lamp post with dual-axis solar tracker that is more

convenient and will provide a clean source of energy.

Objectives of the Study

2
 The goal of this research is to create a Mini Solar Powered Automated Lamp

Post to tackle the problem. It’s specific goals are to:

1. Create a solar-powered small lamp post that includes the following features:

a. Using a photo transistors, it will operate without the assistance of people to

turn on and off the lamp;

b. Using four photo transistors, it will determine the location of the light source

required for solar panel relocation

c. A servomotors and an arduino uno will used to automatically pan in vertical

and horizontal axis in response to the position of light source.

d. Using a motion sensor to acquire lights when a person passes by the

solar-powered lamp post.

2. Make a circuit to charge the powersource with a solar panel.

3. Create an Arduino Uno source code for the dual-axis solar tracking function.

4. Integrate the hardware circuits with the software that has been created.

5. Throughout the day, measure the voltage output of the dual-axis solar tracker

over the stable solar panel;

6. Calculate how long the charge controller will take to fully charge the battery.

7. When the lights are turned on, calculate how long the battery will be depleted

3
Significance of the Study

The goal of this research is to design and develop a mini

solar-powered automated lamp post. This technology will make it easir to

find more abundant sunlight for charging solar panels and will assist in the

gathering of renewable energy. As a result, this research is noteworthy for the

following reasons:

Local Government Unit. It is critical to give a solution in remote places

where electrical cooperatives do not have access or are not reachable. It is also

important to share and disseminate ideas for implementing solar-powered

energy projects.

Community. It offers a solution to their power costs, as well as those who do

not have access to electricity.

Department of Education. It is also crucial to recognize the efforts of

students who may have a big contribution to assist students and institutions

that are just started with inventions.

School. To have an alternate source of electricity that can lower the

institution’s electricity consumption, as well as an organization that works

with inventive innovations to solve difficulties in the classroom.

Teachcers. Provides teachers with information about energy conservation, as

well as additional learning ooportunities for their pupils.

Students. This device, in particular, encourages and motivates them to make

excellent judgements and invent new ideas in order to create a better future

generation of learners.

4
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies of existing

dual-axis automated solar powered mini lamp post after thorough and in-depth

search done by the researcher. This will also present the synthesis of the art,

theatrical and conceptual framework to fully understand the research to be

done.

Dual Axis: Automated Solar Powered Mini Lamp Post

Dual axis tracking has two degrees of freedom. This means that they

have both a horizontal and a vertical axis i.e. both the east/west axis and the

north/south axis and thus they can track the sun’s entire motion in the sky.

(Weimar, 2019)

Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or

electrical energy. Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable

energy source available, and the U.S. has some of the richest solar resources in

the world. Solar technologies can harness this energy for a variety of uses,

including generating electricity, providing light or a comfortable interior

environment, and heating water for domestic, commercial, or industrial use

(SEIA, 2022).

Automation can be defined as a 1 concerned with performing a

process by means of programmed commands combined with automatic

feedback control to ensure proper execution of the instructions. The resulting

system is capable of operating without human intervention. The development

of this technology has become increasingly dependent on the use of computers

5
and computer-related technologies. Consequently, automated systems have

become increasingly sophisticated and complex. Advanced systems represent

a level of capability and performance that surpass in many ways the abilities of

humans to accomplish the same activities (Groover, 2020).

Lamp Post adopting the high-efficiency lighting source design, street

solar led lights have the advantages of high brightness, simple installation,

stable and reliable operation. They do not consume conventional electric

energy and have long service lives. At present, solar LED lamps are mainly

used to provide nighttime lighting with the solar energy they have stored, and

they can be installed locally as long as the sun is sufficient. As the street solar

led lights do not pollute the environment, they are also called green

environmental protection products. Under the control of the intelligent

controller, the solar led streetlight will absorb the solar light and converts it

into electric energy through the sunlight irradiation during the day. Having the

functions of light control, time control, temperature compensation, lightning

protection and reverse polarity protection, street solar led light (Sokoyo,

2008).

Solar cells and photovoltaics were first invented in 1954 after a lot of

researches around photoelectric technologies and beginning to use the sun’s

energy for other purposes. Now, solar has been around for many decades, and

has been proved to consistently work well. Like most other technology, solar

has improved immensely over time, gaining more efficiency and becoming a

more viable option for homes and business. When it was first invented, each

cell had a 6% efficiency rate. Currently most cells have an efficiency rate of

approximately 25% though there are cells being developed with over 40%
6
efficiency (Stacking the Deck,2014). That is truly an amazing transformation,

and a testament to technology.

The solar energy is produced by the sunlight is a non-vanishing

renewable source of energy reaches the earth to meet the world’s energy

demand for a whole year. In today’s generation we needed electricity every

hour. This solar energy is generated by as per applications like industrial,

commercial, and residential. It can easily energy drawn from direct sunlight.

So it is very efficiency and free environment pollution for surrounding. In this

article, we have reviewed about the solar energy from sunlight and discussed

about their future trends and aspects (IJRSET, 2017).

(Dold, 2007) describes a two-axis solar tracker capable of with

standing the extreme weather conditions. The solar tracker includes a solar

array, a frame, a base, a pivot frame, and a first and second actuator. The solar

array is mounted to the frame and captures sunlight. The base is pivotally

connected to the frame and defines a pivot axis for elevational movement of

the solar array. The pivot frame is also pivotally connected to the frame and

define a pivot axis for azimuthal movement for the solar array. The first

actuator controls elevational movement of the solar array and the second

actuator controls azimuthal movement of solar array. The solar tracker is

pivotable between a raised position and a stowed position.

(Barsoum, 2010), states that research has proved that solar tracking

system with single-axis freedom can increase energy output by approximately

20%, whereas the tracking system with double axis freedom can increase the

output by more than 40%. Therefore this work was to develop and implement

7
a solar tracking system with both degree of freedom and which detects the

sunlight using sensors. This Peripheral Interface Controller was the brain of

the entire tracking system, and it was programmed to detect the sunlight

through the sensors and then actuate the motor to position where maximum

sunlight could be illuminate the surface of the solar panel. This is programmed

to detect the sunlight using the photocells and then actuate the motor to

position the solar panel where it can receive maximum sunlight.

(Tudorache, 2012), discussed the performance of a single axis

solar tracking PV panel designed and executed by University Politehnica of

Bucharest in cooperation with Technosoft International SRL. The performance

of the equipment was experimentally tested in comparison with a fixed PV

panel. This paper deals with the performance estimation of a solar tracking PV

panel of single axis type. The studied device automatically searches the

optimum PVpanel position with respect to the sun by means of a DC motor

controlled by an intelligent drive unit that receives input signals from

dedicated light intensity sensors. The recorded data on particular day provevd

that the solar tracking PVpanel produced more energy than the fixed one with

about 57.55%. Considering the own energy consumption of the tracking

mechanism, the mobile PVpanel becomes less attractive than the fixed one, the

tracking mechanism being oversized. If higher power PV panels are driven by

the same tracking mechanism they may produce more energy than the fixed

ones e.g. about 38% more energy in case of a 100 Wp PV panel, under the

same experimental conditions.

(Rizk, 2008), states the potential system benefits of simple

tracking solar system using a stepper motor and light sensor. A solar tracking
8
system is reportedly designed, implemented and experimentally tested. The

design details and the experimental results are discussed. A solar tracker is

designed employing small solar cells to function as self-adjusting light sensors,

providing a variable indication of their relative angle to the sun by detecting

their voltage output. By using this method, the solar tracker is found to be

successful in maintaing a solar array at a sufficiently perpendicular angle to

the sun. The power increase gained over a fixed horizontal array was in excess

of 30%.

(Abdallah, 2008) has presented a computerized sun tracking

device for rotating the solar still with the movement of the sun. A comparison

between fixed and suntracked solar stills showed that the use of sun tracking

increased the productivity to around 22%, due to the increase of overall

efficiency by 2%. It showed that the sun tracking is more effective than fixed

system and is capable of enhancing the productivity. Using the sun tracker

increases the water temperature while it decreases thermal capacity of the

water. This increases the evaporation rate and hence the distillation rate.

(Rhif et al., 2012), review the literature on tracking purposes for

the dual axis solar tracker by a sliding mode control law. The sun tracker

considered in this study has two degrees of freedom and is significant due to

lack of sensors. In this way, the tracker will have a set of sun positions at

every second during the day for a period of five years. After sunset, the tracker

goes to back to the initial position corresponding to sunrise. Experimental

measurements show that this autonomic dual axis sun tracker increases the

power production by over 40%. Experimental results show the effectiveness of

the sliding mode control in the tracking process, its robustness and the high
9
estimation quality of the sliding mode observer. (Abu hanieh, 2009),

GCREEDER, Amman-Jordan 2009 highlights need for sun tracking for solar

panels in the desert regions to improve the efficiency of the photovoltaic

panels. Two degress of freedom orientation is feasible and can be done using

part of the power output of the solar panel. Kinematics of the system are

simple and can easily be controlled using astronomic geometric calculations

taking into account the symmetry of the system. Dynamics show that the

orientation system behaves like a low-pass filter which facilitates the pointing

operation. To solve the problem of cloudy days, closed-loop control can be

added to the system by using solar tracking sensors and feedback control loops.

A special care should be taken in the design of the grid arrangement of

panels in the collecting plants. A specific architecture and arrangement of

panels in the collecting grid is proposed at the end of the document.

(Ghassoul, 2013), describes in his paper design, construction and

testing of a cost effective intelligent sun tracking system to extract maximum

solar energy. It is designed to be driven by a microchip PIC 18F452 micro

controller. The system is based on two mechanisms. The first one is the search

mechanism (PILOT) which locates the position of the sun. The second

mechanism (intelligent PANELS) aligns itself with the PILOT only if

maximum energy possible could be extracted.

(Sarker, 2010) discussed in his project work a sun tracker which is

claimed to have increased the amount of power generated by the solar panel

through tracking nthe sun and also an experimental study has been performed

to investigate the effect of using two-axis tracking system on the PV power

output. The system was designed, as automatic system such that maximum
10
energy would be generated by the solar panel. This paper presents the design,

construction and also an experimental study of a two axis (azimuth and polar)

automatic solar tracking system attached to PV panels. The tracking system

consisted of sensor, microcontroller with built in Analog to Digital Converter

operated control circuits to drive motor using control software, and gear

bearing arrangements with supports and mountings.

(Suresh P. et al., 2019). The project deals with design of solar

power LED lighting system using Horizontal Two-Axis Arduino based Solar

Tracking System. The main goal of this project is to design a very precise

solar tracker. The project is divided into two parts; hardware and software.

Hardware part generally composed of solar panel, two-DC motors with

gearbox, LDR sensor module and electronic circuit. Software part represents

the thinking behavior of the system, that is how the system acting under

several weather conditions. In this work sensing of the sun position carried out

in two stages primary and secondary. Primary stage or indirect sensing

performed via sun-earth relationship as a coarse adjustment and second stage

or direct sensing performed via set of LDR sensors as output tuning to trims

the azimuth and altitude angles. If the weather is cloudy or dusty, the tracking

system uses primary stage or sun-earth geometrical relationships only to

identify the location of the sun; so the system tracks the position of the sun

regardless the weather condition. The energy extracted from photovoltaic (PV)

or any solar collector depends on solar irradiance. For maximum extraction of

energy from the sun, the solar collector panel should always be normal to the

incident radiation Solar trackers moves the solar collector to follow the sun

path and keeps the orientation of the solar collector at an optimal tilt angle.

11
Solar tracking system improves substantially the energy efficiency of

photovoltaic (PV) panel. In this paper, an automatic dual axis solar tracking

system is designed and developed using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and

DC motors on a mechanical structure with gear arrangement. Two axis solar

tracking (azimuth angle as well as altitude angle) is implemented through

Arduino UNO controller based on Sun Earth Geometry. The results indicated

that the automatic solar tracking system is more reliable and efficient than

fixed one.

(Mohanapriya et al., 2021). As a future inexhaustible and

non-polluting energy sources, solar energy is advancing to meet our

ever-growing energy requirements. The automated solar tracking system based

on the Arduino prototype is mainly built using the Arduino Microcontroller,

four LDRs and three stepper motors. A mixture of hardware and firmware

programming is used to run the machine. Four light based resistors (LDRs) are

used for the capture of maximum incident light in hardware production. To

shift the solar panel according to the extent incident light operated by LDRs,

three stepper motors are used. The software controls the solar panel's vertical

tilt angle and horizontal rotation. Thus, according to the incident sunlight on

the solar panel, it can follow the direction of the Sun, not only the vertical

rotation, but also the horizontal rotation. This device can also achieve

optimum illumination and reduce the cost of generating energy by requiring a

minimum number of solar panels.

(Ghassoul, 2021). Previous studies have shown that sun tracking

systems using single axis or dual axis tracking harvested more energy than fixed

panels. Most of those studies were based on the light dependent resistors (LDR)

12
with two or four LDRs depending whether single axis or dual axis is used. There

are few concerns regarding those schemes. Because ethe LDRs are mounted on

the same panel, they are continuously tracking the sun. As a result, their

auxiliaries are drawing high currents; which means unnecessary consuming

energy because of the continuous low speed rotation with many start-stops; on top

of this the heating problem due to high current consumption. Using LDRs only

detects voltages not power whereas solar energy depends mainly on current where

current is directly proportional to irradiation. As a result, and based on previous

study, only about 85% of net energy is saved.

12 volt full geared stepper motors are used here for rotating the solar panel

in two different axes. In this dual axis we are using four LDR s for detecting the

light intensity. To track the sun movement accurately dual axis tracking system is

necessary. With the sun always facing the panel, the maximum energy can be

absorbed as the panel operates at its greatest efficiency. The main objective of this

paper is to improve the power gain by accurate tracking of the sun. The daily

motion causes the sun to appear in east to west direction over the earth whereas the

annual motion causes the sun to tilt at an angle of 23.5 degrees while moving along

east-west direction. So the maximum efficiency of the solar panel is not being used

by single axis tracking system (Sundara,2014).

Foreign Related Studies

In today’s era, our life is dependent on energy. Nation’s development is

somehow associated with the availability of energy. Solar energy is the most

eminent and renewable & cleanest sources of energy. It can be easily harnessed

with the help of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels. But, we mainly observe that most

of the solar panels are positioned at fixed angles. In order to maximize the amount

of solar radiation collected by a solar panel, we use solar tracking device whose
13
function is to follow the sun orthogonally throughout the day which enhances the

energy capacity of the system. This paper comprises of development and design

of dual axis solar panel tracking system & experimental study of dual axis solar

tracker compared to fix position solar panel in terms of performance enhancement.

The tracking mechanism of the sun requires light dependent resistor (LDR) as

sensor to sense the maximum light availability & two servomotor for two axis

movement (i.e., vertical and horizontal) to direct the position of solar panel. The

software part is done by the help of written code using an Arduino Uno controller

(Kumar, V. and Raghuwanshi, S. K., 2019).

The solar photovoltaic system is in demand these days due to its efficient

and clean energy. Setting up a solar panel which tracks the sun for the whole day

can give a continuous power to any building for general utilities. The placing of

solar panels at exact angle and direction according to the motion of sun can

maximize the efficiency of the system. This research work implements the solar

tracking system which tracks the sun in both the axis i.e. horizontal and vertical.

Proposed in this report is a system that controls the movement of a solar array so

that it is constantly aligned towards the direction of the sun. Solar modules are

devices that cleanly convert sunlight into electricity and offer a practical solution

to the problem of power generation in remote areas. The implementation of such a

system is done by microcontroller controlled motor and sensor (Patro, V. et al.

2018).

Local Related Studies

The study aimed to design a solar tracking system mounted at a slope

perpendicular to the sun's rays. It was equipped with a solar panel that absorbed

14
 sunlight falling directly on it. This research sought to produce electricity derived

from the sun's rays. The electricity produced would be used in appliances to

minimize the cost of energy consumption. To establish the functionality of the

device, experimental development and descriptive approach were applied through

the assessment by purposively chosen evaluators. The findings showed that the

solar tracking device was effective and useful for human consumption. The device

could be used as a power generator to meet the increasing energy demand (Zerna,

P. A. 2012).

Solar power although an abundant source of renewable energy must

be utilized properly. One of the main factors to optimize its benefits is the

capacity of the consumers to efficiently channel its power. The motivational

factor of this endeavor is creating a robotic sunlight tracker system in harnessing

solar radiant to its optimum potential in the Philippine setting, where sun’s

insolation is low on the average due to the factors affecting climate conditions

(like temperature, rainfall, storminess, winds, etc.).The study developed a

prototype robotic sun tracker that is operated by a microcontroller using the sun’s

perpendicularity and shadowing techniques in the design of the mechanism that

injected an intelligent comparator algorithm. A motor control method was used to

execute the best turn to harness the optimum solar energy with an Arduino based

monitoring system that measured the voltages obtained from each of the set-ups.

The result was a 29% improvement in generating electricity using the robotic sun

tracker system versus static panel installation (Prospero, M. R. et al. 2019).

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents all conceptualized procedures in developing the

hardware and the software of the study.

15
Process Model

INFORMATION GATHERING

DESIGNING SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

REQUIREMENTS GATHERING

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

CONSTRUCTION

OBSERVATION TESTING TROUBLESHOOTING

FINDINGS

Hardware Development

LIGHT SOURCE

16
 SOLAR PANEL

CHARGE CONTROLLER

BATTERY

LDR 1 LDR 2

ARDUINO DARK ACTIVATED

LDR 3 LDR 4
SWITCH

LED

SERVOMOTOR 1 SERVOMOTOR 2
Expected Output

1. Using a photo resistor, operate without the assistance of people to turn on and

off the lamp

17
 2. Using four photo transistors, determines the location of the light source

required for solar panel relocation. The top left photo transistor is expected to

move west or north. The top left transistor is anticipated to shift east or north

alongside the bottom left transistor to expectedly move west or south. The

bottom right transistor is expected to move east or south.

3. Servo motors and an Arduino Uno used to automically pan in vertical and

horizontal axis in response to the position of the light source. Both the servo

motor and Arduino Uno is expected to function always.

4. Using a motion sensor to acquire lights when a person passes by the

solar-powered lamp post.

5. The calculated time of the battery to be fully charged is 7 hours.

6. The battery’s output rating reaches from 12 to 13 volts which indicated that

the battery is fully charged; it may take up to five hours of charging in

daylight.

Workplan and Target Deliverables

07 JULY 2022

Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday

18
5 6 7 8 9 10 11

(Analyzing (Analyzing (Discussing (Data (Data (Data (Data

the Concept the Concept the Concept Gathering) Gathering) Gathering) Gathering)
of Research) of Research) of
Research)

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

(Relevant (Relevant (Relevant (Relevant (Discussion (Collecting (Gathering

for Budget budgets for informations
Literature Literature Literature Literature
Planning) research
for hardware
Gathering) Gathering) Gathering) Gathering) device
equipments
expenses)
that are

needed)

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

(Gathering (Gathering (Gathering (Gathering (Purchasing (Purchasing (Waiting for

informations informations informations informations hardware hardware the arrival of
for hardware for hardware for hardware for hardware equipments) equipments) equipments)
equipments equipments equipments equipments
that are that are that are that are
needed) needed) needed) needed)

26 27 28 29 30 31

(Waiting for (Waiting for (Waiting for (Waiting for (Waiting for (Waiting for
the arrival of the arrival of the arrival of the arrival of the arrival of the arrival of
equipments) equipments) equipments) equipments) equipments) equipments)

19
 08 AUGUST 2022

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

(Waiting for (Waiting for (Waiting for (Waiting for (Waiting for (Waiting for (Waiting for
the arrival of the arrival of the arrival of the arrival of the arrival of the arrival of the arrival of
equipments) equipments) equipments) equipments) equipments) equipments) equipments)

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

(Establishing (Establishing (Establishing (Establishing (Finalizing (Gathering of (Gathering of

System System System System System Purchased Purchased
Architecture) Architecture) Architecture) Architecture) Architecture) Equipments) Equipments)

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

(Figuring out (Software (Software (Software (Software (Constructing (Constructing

the uses of Programming) Programming) Programming) Programming)
the device’s the device’s
every
equipments)
crate) crate)

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

(Constructing (Wiring) (Wiring) (Wiring) (Wiring) (Wiring) (Assembling/

the device’s Constructing

crate) the device)

29 30 31

(Assembling/ (Assembling/ (Assembling/

Constructing Constructing Constructing

the device) the device) the device)

20
 09 SEPTEMBER 2022

Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

(Assembling/ (Assembling/ (Assembling/ (Assembling/ (Testing the (Testing the (Testing the

Constructing Constructing Constructing Constructing functionality of functionality of functionality of

the device/ the device/ the device/

the device) the device) the device) the device)
Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Troubleshooting
and fixing the and fixing the and fixing the
errors) errors) errors)

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

(Testing the (Determini-n (Checking (Finalization ( Light source ( Voltage (Observation

g hazards for device’s of the and movement of day time
functionality of Reading
and risks) functionali-t device’s of servo and night time
the device/ y) functionality) motors Observation) activation
observation) considering its
Troubleshooting
weather)
and fixing the
errors)

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

(Observation (Observation (Observation (Observation (Observation (Observation (Battery

of day time of day time of day time of day time of day time of day time charging
and night time and night and night and night and night time and night time observation)
activation time time time activation activation
considering its activation activation activation considering its considering its
weather) considering considering considering weather) weather)
its weather) its weather) its weather)

21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28

(Observation (Gathering (Gathering (Gathering (Observe (Thoroughly (Finalize the

for battery’s of of threats that can check the device)
of
depletion) observations) observations) harm the device)
observations)
device)

29 30

(Finalize the (Finalize the

findings and research
observations) paper)

22
References
Barsoum, N. "Dual-axis solar tracker controller project." 2011: 57-58.
Groover, M. et al. "Manufacturing Applications of Automations and
Robotics." 2020. Retrieved from:
https://www.britannica.com/technology/automation
Helwa, N. H. et al. "Maximum Collectable Solar Energy by Different Solar Tracking
Systems." 22 (2010): 2000.
Kumar, Vikash and Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev Kumar. "Design and Development
of Dual Axis Solar Panel Tracking." System for Normalized
Performance Enhancement of Solar Panel Proceeding of International
Conference on Sustainable Computing In Science, Technology and
Management (SUSCOM), February 23, 2019. Retrieved from:
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3363084 or
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3363084
Mousazadeh, H. K. "A Review of Principle and Sun - Tracking Methods for
Maximizing Solar System Output." Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 2009: 13: 1800-1818.
Patro, V. et al. "Dual Axis Tracker." 2018. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354715499
DualAxisSolarTracker
Prospero, M. R. "Solar Energy Harnessing Optimization Algorithm in Robotic Solar
Tracker with Arduino Based Monitoring." International Journal of
Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8 (August 2019).
Ribeiro, S. C. et al. "Design and Development of a Low-Cost Solar Tracker."
Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013: Volume 11.
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https://www.sokoyosolar.com/products/?gclid=CjwKCAjwy_aUBhACEiwA2IHHQ
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AvD_BwE
Weimar, N. "Dual Axis Trackers." 2019. Retrieved from:
https://sinovoltaics.com/learning-center/csp/dual-axis-tracker/
Zerna, P. A. "Solar Tracking System." 2012. Retrieved from:
https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=7193
http://www.solar-tracking.com
http://chargeursolaire.over-blog.com/article-the-working-principle-of-solar-tracking-c
ontroller-63106485.html
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jre/2014/629717/

23
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Kariene Jae A. Poliquit

Age: 19 years old

Address: Jamila Street, Poblacion,

Polomolok, South Cotabato

Birthday: January 08, 2003

Birthplace: Heramil Clinic, Polomolok,

South Cotabato

Educational Background:

Junior High School: Dadiangas North High School (2016-2017)

Polomolok National High School (2017-2020)

Elementary School: Dole Cannery Central Elementary School

(2009-2016)

Achievements

• With Honors

24
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Niel Zsun John S. Vega

Age: 18 years old

Address: 5th Road, Sta. Cruz, Cannery

Site, Polomolok, South Cotabato

Birthday: September 9, 2003

Birthplace: Howard Hubbard

Educational Background
Memorial Hospital

Junior High School: Polomolok National High School (2016 – 2020)

Elementary School: Dole Cannery Central Elementary School

(2009 – 2016)

Achievements

• With Honors

25
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Rowelle J A. Labajo

Age: 19 years old

Address: Polotana Subdivision, Cannery

Site, Polomolok, South

Cotabato

Birthday: Aprill 11, 2003

Birthplace: Polomolok, South Cotabato

Educational Background

Junior High School: Polomolok National High School (2016-2020)

Elementary School: Kiddie Academy For The Arts Polomolok

Incorporated (2010 – 2016)

Achievements

• With Honors

26