Exploring Research 9th Edition Salkind Test Bank

Exploring Research 9th Edition Salkind
Test Bank
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Key: Answer, Type, Learning Objective, Level
Type
A=Applied
C=Conceptual
F=Factual
Level
(1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult
LO=Learning Objective
Multiple Choice Single Select
M/C Question 1
What does a level of significance of .05 mean?
a) there is a .5% chance of Type I error
b) there is a 5% chance of Type I error
c) there is a .05% chance of Type I error
d) there is a 50% chance of Type I error
ANS: b
Objective=8.3: Demonstrate how test of statistical significance can be applied to different types
of situations in order make decisions about populations, Topic=Tests of Significance
M/C Question 2
What is the correct order of steps in testing a hypothesis?
a) statement of null hypothesis, setting level of risk, selection of test statistic
b) statement of null hypothesis, computation of test statistic, selection of test statistic
c) selection of test statistic, comparison of obtained value to critical value, computation of
test statistic
d) selection of test statistic, computation of test statistic, statement of null hypothesis
ANS: a
M/C Question 3
What is the statistical test for examining the significant difference between two means from two
unrelated groups?
a) t-test for dependent means
b) MANOVA
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c) t-test for independent means
d) factor analysis
ANS: c
Topic=Tests of Significance, Objective=8.3: Demonstrate how test of statistical significance
can be applied to different types of situations in order make decisions about populations
M/C Question 4
If the two groups you are comparing are related to each other, what test should you use?
a) factor analysis
b) MANOVA
d) t-test for dependent means
ANS: d
M/C Question 5
When examining whether group differences occur on more than one dependent variable, what
should be used?
a) factor analysis
b) MANOVA
d) t-test for dependent means
ANS: b
M/C Question 6
When examining the significance of the relationship between two variables, what test should you
use?
a) t-test for dependent means
b) t-test for independent means
c) t-test for the correlation coefficient
d) analysis of variance
ANS: c
108
M/C Question 7
To compare findings from many different studies that use the same dependent variable, what
technique is used?
a) MANOVA
b) factor analysis
c) t-test
d) meta-analysis
ANS: d
M/C Question 8
What technique reduces the number of variables in a construct?
a) effect size
b) MANOVA
c) factor analysis
d) t-test
ANS: c
M/C Question 9
Which of the following statements is true?
a) Significance is better than meaningfulness.
b) Meaningfulness is better than significance.
c) Both significance and meaningfulness are equal in value.
d) Neither significance nor meaningfulness is important in a study.
ANS: b
Objective=8.2: Evaluate statistical significance as the degree of risk that the researcher is
willing to take while rejecting a null hypothesis when it is actually true, Topic=The Idea of
Statistical Significance
M/C Question 10
When investigating a relationship between two variables, what is the most acceptable initial
explanation of the relationship?
a) the treatment
b) chance
c) researcher bias
d) defined factors
ANS: b
109
Objective=8.1: Illustrate different tools and techniques of inferential statistics, Topic=Say
Hello to Inferential Statistics!
M/C Question 11
When a researcher draws conclusions about a population based on the results of a test on a
sample, he or she is most likely using which of the following?
a) inductive statistics
b) deductive statistics
c) descriptive statistics
d) inferential statistics
ANS: d
M/C Question 12
What is the crucial element in making an accurate inference?
a) obtaining a representative sample of the population
b) obtaining a representative population of the sample
c) being well versed in multivariate statistical procedures
d) doing a good literature review
ANS: a
Topic=Say Hello to Inferential Statistics!, Objective=8.1: Illustrate different tools and
techniques of inferential statistics
M/C Question 13
Which of the following states that regardless of the shape of the population, the means of all the
samples selected will be normally distributed?
a) Type I Error
b) Type II Error
c) central limit theorem
d) factor analysis
ANS: c
M/C Question 14
One of the keys to successful operation of the central limit theorem is that the sample size must
be ___________________.
a) less than 20
b) greater than 30
c) greater than 40
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d) greater than 50
ANS: b
M/C Question 15
If Helen mistakenly accepts her null hypothesis when it should be rejected, what has occurred?
a) Type I error
b) Type II error
c) researcher bias
d) none of the above
ANS: b
M/C Question 16
How can Type II errors be reduced?
a) decreasing sample size
b) homogeneous population
c) increasing sample size
d) heterogeneous population
ANS: c
M/C Question 17
The level of significance is similar to which of the following?
a) a Type I error
b) a Type II error
c) a bell curve
d) the null hypothesis
ANS: a
M/C Question 18
What does the central limit theorem enable researchers to do?
a) compare means from two independent samples
b) generalize the results from a sample to a population without knowing the exact nature of
the population’s distribution
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c) compute the significance of a relationship between two variables
d) reduce the possibility that chance accounts for variability in the variable of interest
ANS: b
M/C Question 19
Which of the following has the largest potential to decrease the accuracy of an inference made to
a population based on a sample?
a) variance
b) a heterogeneous sample
c) a homogeneous sample
d) sampling error
ANS: d
M/C Question 20
The critical value is__________________________________.
a) the value found after calculating a test statistic
b) the value needed to determine a valid study
c) the value needed to determine a reliable study
d) the value needed to reject the null hypothesis
ANS: d
M/C Question 21
The critical value decreases when_______________________________.
a) the sample size increases
b) the sample size decreases
c) the sample is heterogeneous
d) the sample is homogeneous
ANS: a
M/C Question 22
What assumption forms the basis for inference?
a) A researcher can select a sample that is similar to the population from which it came.
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b) Null hypotheses can be proven to be false.
c) A researcher can select the level at which he/she is willing to risk Type I error.
d) The central limit theorem is false.
ANS: a
M/C Question 23
If Dr. Robinson rejects the null hypothesis after observing a test statistic which exceeds the
critical value at the .05 level, there is_____________________________________________.
a) a 95% chance that the null hypothesis is actually true
b) a 5% chance that the null hypothesis is actually true
c) a 5% chance that the null hypothesis is actually false
d) no chance that the null hypothesis is actually true
ANS: b
M/C Question 24
The minimum or maximum value that one would expect the test statistic to yield if the null
hypothesis is true is an example of which of the following?
a) critical value
b) F value
c) t-test score
d) sampling mean
ANS: a
M/C Question 25
What can you conclude if the obtained value of a test statistic exceeds the critical value?
a) The null hypothesis cannot be rejected.
b) You made an error when calculating the test statistic.
c) The null hypothesis can be rejected.
d) Your obtained value is not statistically significant.
ANS: c
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M/C Question 26
In order to determine the critical value, which two pieces of information are needed?
a) mean and sample size
b) degrees of freedom and level of significance
c) mean and standard deviation
d) degrees of freedom and variance
ANS: b
M/C Question 27
If Professor Columbo is interested in the general trend of research findings regarding infant
visual attention and childhood intelligence, what technique would be most amenable to his
inquiry?
a) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
b) Meta-analysis
c) Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)
d) Factor analysis
ANS: b
Objective=8.5: Describe the four basic steps of a conventional meta-analysis, Topic=Meta-
Analysis
M/C Question 28
What is the standard metric used in most meta-analytic studies called?
a) standard deviation
b) effect size
c) sampling mean
d) standard error
ANS: b
Analysis
M/C Question 29
Which of the following statements regarding statistical significance is FALSE?
a) The level of statistical significance and Type I error are the same thing.
b) Statistical significance is the degree of risk you are willing to take that you will reject a
null when it is actually true.
c) When your results are found to be statistically significant, you can conclude that they will
have a meaningful effect in the clinic.
d) The researcher can determine the level of statistical significance.
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ANS: c
M/C Question 30
The first step for conducting a meta-analysis is ____________.
a) decide on an appropriate statistical software package
b) develop a system to code the various dimensions of the study
c) collect as many studies as possible (or at least a representative group)
d) determine the most appropriate type of descriptive or correlational technique to examine
the outcomes of the studies as a whole
ANS: c
Analysis
Essay
Essay Question 31
What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?
Topic=Say Hello to Inferential Statistics!, Objective=8.1: Illustrate different tools and

techniques of inferential statistics
Essay Question 32
What are the steps involved in testing a hypothesis?

M/C Question 33
Explain what t120 = 2.00, p < .05 means.
M/C Question 34
What factors decrease the likelihood of making a Type II error?
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M/C Question 35
What is the difference between statistical significance and meaningfulness? Which is more
important?
Objective=8.4: Distinguish between statistically significant versus meaningful data,

Topic=Significance Versus Meaningfulness
M/C Question 36
Why would you do a meta-analytic study?

Analysis
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Exploring Research 9th Edition Salkind Test Bank

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Exploring Research 9th Edition Salkind

Multiple Choice Single Select

Topic=Say Hello to Inferential Statistics!, Objective=8.1: Illustrate different tools and

Objective=8.1: Illustrate different tools and techniques of inferential statistics, Topic=Say

Objective=8.4: Distinguish between statistically significant versus meaningful data,

Objective=8.5: Describe the four basic steps of a conventional meta-analysis, Topic=Meta-

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