Principles of Environmental Science 1st

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1. _________ can be defined as the transfer of genes for desirable traits, such as pest resistance, into crop plants from
other organisms.

A. natural selection
B. evolutionary engineering
C. genetic engineering
D. genetic resistance
E. genetic modification

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.03
Topic: Agriculture

2. All are common modern agricultural methods, except

A. aquaculture farms
B. plowing with machines
C. irrigating with drip systems
D. using chemical fertilizers
E. plowing fields

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Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.05
Topic: Agriculture

3. The approximate energy yield of carbohydrates is 4 calories/gram; fats yield about 9 calories/gram, and proteins about 4
calories/gram. Jack and Sarah consumed the following for lunch:
Jack—100 grams protein, 20 grams fat, 75 grams carbohydrates;

Sarah— 75 grams protein, 10 grams fats, 75 grams carbohydrates.

How many Calories each did Jack and Sarah consume?

A. Jack: 890 Calories, Sarah: 670 Calories

B. Jack: 880 Calories, Sarah: 680 Calories
C. Jack: 900 Calories, Sarah: 650 Calories
D. Jack: 900 Calories, Sarah: 680 Calories
E. Jack: 880 Calories, Sarah: 690 Calories

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Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.02
Topic: Food

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4. Undernourished parents often raise children who are undernourished because the parents

A. transfer genetic deficiencies to their children.

B. do not know any better.
C. cannot afford to feed their children properly.
D. do not have access to information about nutrition.
E. All of these are reasons for the vicious cycle.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.01
Topic: Nutrition

5. What are two common diseases that result from protein deficiencies?

A. dysentery and diarrhea

B. dysentery and scurvy
C. scurvy and pellagra
D. goiter and cretinism
E. marasmus and kwashiorkor

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.02
Topic: Nutrition

6. Vitamin A deficiencies are associated with

A. anemia.
B. weak bones.
C. a lack of energy, or listlessness.
D. poorly developed neural systems in embryos.
E. dry eyes and retinal degeneration.

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Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.02
Topic: Nutrition

7-2
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7. Goiter is a common disease resulting from a shortage of dietary

A. protein.
B. iodine.
C. iron.
D. vitamin A.
E. folic acid.
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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter:
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Navigation
Bloom's Level:Section: 07.02
1. Remember
Topic: Nutrition
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.02
Topic: Nutrition

8. Obesity is a disease that affects

A. poor, developing nations.

B. wealthy, developed nations
C. individuals in every nation equally.
D. nations that utilize beef and rice as major food sources.

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Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.02
Topic: Nutrition

9. Famines are most often serious when there is

A. a very serious drought.

B. no room to expand agriculture.
C. steady population growth.
D. drought and war together.
E. an attempt by indigenous people to return to old traditions and lands.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.01
Topic: Nutrition

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10. The three crops that humans rely on for the majority of nutrients and calories are

A. potatoes, wheat, and oats.

B. wheat, rice, and maize.
C. barley, oats, and rye.
D. maize, oats, and rice.
E. oats, beans, and barley.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.03
Topic: Nutrition

11. What is the theoretical basis of the statement that we could feed more people if we would eat grain rather than
feeding it to livestock?

A. the First Law of Thermodynamics

B. the Second Law of Thermodynamics
C. ecofeminism
D. biocentrism
E. anthropocentrism

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Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.03
Topic: Nutrition

12. The layer of soil that is a mixture of minerals and organic material is the

A. O horizon
B. A horizon
C. humus
D. Ehorizon
E. primary layer

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.04
Topic: Soil

13. Soil organisms usually stay __________ the soil.

A. deep below the surface of

B. near the middle of
C. close to the surface of
D. spread uniformly throughout
E. About half stay close to the surface and the other half stay deep below the surface of the soil.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.04
Topic: Soil

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14. The parent material layer of a soil is composed of weathered

A. humus.
B. organic detritus and roots.
C. residual aluminum and iron.
D. soil.
E. rock fragments.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.04
Topic: Soil

15. In developed countries, the most recent increases in agricultural productivity have come from

A. irrigation in arid areas.

B. building up soil reserves on farms worldwide.
C. clearing rainforests.
D. an increase on the land being used for agriculture, especially in developed countries.
E. new crop varieties and intensified farming.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.07
Topic: Agriculture

16. Which of the following are forms of chemical deterioration of soil?

A. salinization and acidification

B. waterlogging and laterization
C. compaction and nutrient depletion
D. pollution and waterlogging
E. water and wind erosion

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Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.05
Topic: Soil

17. Wind erosion is most likely to cause problems in

A. forested grazing lands on high mountains.

B. open, arid regions.
C. fertile river bottoms with annual floods.
D. agricultural regions in the far north.
E. protected, arid region.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.05
Topic: Erosion

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18. Waterlogging results from

A. toxic metal accumulation.

B. excessive irrigation.
C. excessive plowing.
D. high evaporation processes.
E. natural water erosion processes.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.06
Topic: Irrigation

19. The energy needed to process and distribute food in the US is as much as _______ times the amount that is used to
actually farm the crops.

A. 0.5
B. 2
C. 3.5
D. 5
E. 8

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.06
Topic: Agriculture

20. High responder crops of the green revolution produce tremendous yields

A. even in severe drought conditions.

B. with primitive farming techniques and no chemical use.
C. in response to fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation.
D. in all conditions where standard crops fail.
E. in response to fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation and only "good" yields in less than ideal situations.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.07
Topic: Agriculture

21. Fifty years ago, there were several hundred varieties of wheat grown in the Middle East. Now a few of the more modern
high responder varieties have replaced the indigenous species. What are the implications of this change?

A. The productivity of wheat should continue to rise and increase the availability of food per person.
B. Genetic resources are diminished and an epidemic of wheat disease is highly likely due to the reliance on few
species.
C. The high responder varieties will need specialized harvesting methods because they are so productive.
D. The biodiversity of wheat species has increased because of the introduction of few hybrid species.
E. High responder varieties require less water.

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Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.07
Topic: Agriculture

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22. Sustainable farming

A. is cheaper and safer than conventional farming.

B. is safe, although it causes weed problems.
C. uses fewer chemicals but more water than conventional methods.
D. is an invention of modern agricultural research.
E. is safer than conventional farming, but much more expensive.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.08
Topic: Agriculture

23. Contour plowing and strip farming are methods designed to

A. prevent weed spreading.

B. improve plowing efficiency.
C. improve harvesting efficiency.
D. prevent water and soil loss.
E. make farms more attractive.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.08
Topic: Agriculture

24. A natural form of fertilizer would be

A. manure.
B. phosphorous application.
C. nitrogen.
D. corn plantings.
E. genetically modified crop plantings.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.06
Topic: Agriculture

25. Which of these is not a benefit found with reduced tillage farming?

A. water conservation
B. soil preservation
C. increased crop yields
D. soil aeration and loosening
E. decreased insects and weeds

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.08
Topic: Agriculture

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26. The USDA estimates ______ percent of conventionally grown foods are contaminated with pesticide residue.

A. 11
B. 23
C. 34
D. 58
E. 73

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.06
Topic: Agriculture

27. What is the advantage of genetically modified crops (GMOs)?

A. they can be designed to resist drought

B. they offer improved resistance to pests and diseases
C. they can be engineered to improve yield
D. they can be altered to produce vaccines
E. All of these are benefits to GMOs.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.07
Topic: GMOs

28. Methods of managing topography include all but which of the following?

A. terracing
B. contour plowing
C. deep tilling
D. strip-farming

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.08
Topic: Agriculture

29. Which is a disadvantage of conservation tillage methods?

A. increased irrigation requirements

B. less efficient use of fertilizer
C. increased pests and weeds
D. decreased crop yields
E. none of these are correct.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.08
Topic: Agriculture

30. The biggest worry about a genetically modified Atlantic salmon with extra growth hormones is that it will introduce these
hormones into our diet.

FALSE
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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.07
Topic: GMOs

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31. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are made by taking bits of DNA from different sources to create desired
characteristics in an organism.

TRUE
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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.07
Topic: GMOs

32. The number of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the acreage devoted to growing them has decreased in the
past fifteen years because of the huge number of opponents.

FALSE
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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.07
Topic: GMOs

33. More than 70% of all soybeans, corn, and cotton grown in the United States are genetically modified.

TRUE
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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.07
Topic: GMOs

34. You can participate in sustainable agriculture by

A. buying local produce.

B. eating lower on the food chain.
C. participating in CSAs.
D. eating locally lower on the food chain and participating in CSAs.

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Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Chapter: 07
Section: 07.09
Topic: Agriculture

7-9
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McGraw-Hill Education.
 Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 34
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember 26
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand 5
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply 3
Chapter: 07 34
Section: 07.01 2
Section: 07.02 5
Section: 07.03 3
Section: 07.04 3
Section: 07.05 3
Section: 07.06 4
Section: 07.07 8
Section: 07.08 5
Section: 07.09 1
Topic: Agriculture 14
Topic: Erosion 1
Topic: GMOs 5
Topic: Irrigation 1
Topic: Nutrition 8
Topic: Soil 4
Topic: Food 1

7-10
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McGraw-Hill Education.