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Cbsnews 20231105 Gop
Cbsnews 20231105 Gop
Cbsnews 20231105 Gop
2. As you see it, the biggest threat to the American way of life today comes from:
Other people in America, and domestic enemies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36%
Foreign countries and military threats overseas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15%
The natural world, like weather, viruses and natural disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14%
Economic forces such as money, trade and business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35%
4. How likely is it that you will vote in a presidential primary or caucus in your state next year?
Among registered voters
Definitely will vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68%
Probably will vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14%
May or may not vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
Probably will not vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3%
Definitely will not vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4%
Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2%
5. If you do vote in the 2024 primaries, are you more likely to vote in a Democratic or a Republican presidential
primary or caucus?
Among registered voters
Democratic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38%
Republican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42%
Neither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Don’t know yet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11%
1
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
6. It’s still early, but for each of the following people, please tell us whether you are considering supporting them
for the 2024 Republican nomination for president, might consider them but haven’t heard enough yet, or are not
considering them?
Among likely Republican primary voters
Might
consider,
but haven’t
Consider- heard Not
ing enough considering
Doug Burgum 6% 27% 67%
Chris Christie 8% 17% 75%
Ron DeSantis 47% 29% 24%
Nikki Haley 27% 30% 42%
Asa Hutchinson 3% 27% 70%
Vivek Ramaswamy 20% 31% 49%
Tim Scott 16% 44% 40%
Donald Trump 75% 9% 15%
7. Of the candidates you are considering, or might consider, if the 2024 Republican primary or caucus in your
state were held today, which ONE of those candidates would you vote for?
Among likely Republican primary voters
Doug Burgum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1%
Chris Christie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2%
Ron DeSantis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18%
Nikki Haley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Asa Hutchinson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0%
Vivek Ramaswamy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5%
Tim Scott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4%
Donald Trump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61%
8. Thinking about the field of candidates currently running for the Republican presidential nomination, how do
you feel about the choices you have right now? Are you...
Among likely Republican primary voters
Excited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29%
Satisfied, but not excited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44%
Unsatisfied, but not disappointed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20%
Disappointed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
9. How closely have you been following the race for the Republican nomination for president in 2024?
Among likely Republican primary voters
Very closely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32%
Somewhat closely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47%
Not very closely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17%
Not at all closely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4%
2
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
10. If each of the following candidates were to become the Republican nominee in 2024, how would you describe
their chances against Joe Biden?
Among likely Republican primary voters
12. If Donald Trump is the 2024 Republican nominee for president, would you...?
Among likely Republican primary voters
Enthusiastically support him . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58%
Support him but with reservations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25%
Support him only because he is the Republican nominee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10%
Not support him . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7%
13. Although you said you would vote for [candidate respondent would vote for], you said you’re also considering
at least one other candidate. What do you think will help you make your final decision? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY
Among likely Republican voters considering at least two candidates
Seeing what happens with Trump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43%
Watching the presidential debates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37%
Learning about other candidates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26%
I’ve already pretty much decided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27%
Just more time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27%
Seeing which candidates drop out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27%
Seeing who wins Iowa or New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11%
24. How closely have you been following news about the indictments and charges that have been brought against
Donald Trump over the last few months?
Very closely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19%
Somewhat closely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38%
Not very closely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27%
Not at all closely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16%
25. Do the indictments and charges that have been brought against Donald Trump make you...
Think better of him . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17%
Think worse of him . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36%
Don’t matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47%
3
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
26. Regardless of who you wanted to win, do you consider Joe Biden as the legitimate winner of the 2020
presidential election - that is, that Biden was the choice of more voters, with more legally-cast votes, in enough
states to be elected - or not?
Yes, I consider Biden legitimate winner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64%
No, I do not consider Biden the legitimate winner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36%
4
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Other people in America, and domestic enemies 36% 38% 34% 27% 40% 49%
Foreign countries and military threats overseas 15% 14% 16% 14% 15% 19%
The natural world, like weather, viruses and natural
disasters 14% 12% 15% 19% 11% 7%
Economic forces such as money, trade and business 35% 35% 35% 40% 34% 25%
Totals 100% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Weighted N (2,182) (1,065) (1,117) (1,007) (715) (461)
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
Other people in America, and domestic enemies 36% 42% 35% 31% 39%
Foreign countries and military threats overseas 15% 13% 19% 15% 19%
The natural world, like weather, viruses and natural
disasters 14% 9% 8% 16% 6%
Economic forces such as money, trade and business 35% 36% 38% 37% 36%
Totals 100% 100% 100% 99% 100%
Weighted N (2,182) (753) (595) (730) (664)
1
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
2
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
3
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
4
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Considering 6% 7% 6% 15% 3% 3%
Might consider, but haven’t heard enough 27% 22% 32% 45% 20% 21%
Not considering 67% 71% 62% 40% 77% 76%
Totals 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Weighted N (542) (298) (243) (138) (224) (180)
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
Considering 6% 6% 6% 8% 5%
Might consider, but haven’t heard enough 27% 18% 30% 35% 23%
Not considering 67% 76% 64% 57% 72%
Totals 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Weighted N (542) (147) (389) (142) (376)
5
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
Considering 8% 7% 8% 15% 5%
Might consider, but haven’t heard enough 17% 11% 20% 25% 14%
Not considering 75% 82% 72% 60% 81%
Totals 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Weighted N (541) (147) (390) (142) (376)
6
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
7
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
8
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Considering 3% 4% 1% 7% 2% 1%
Might consider, but haven’t heard enough 27% 23% 31% 51% 18% 19%
Not considering 70% 73% 67% 42% 80% 80%
Totals 100% 100% 99% 100% 100% 100%
Weighted N (542) (300) (242) (138) (225) (179)
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
Considering 3% 4% 2% 4% 2%
Might consider, but haven’t heard enough 27% 17% 30% 36% 22%
Not considering 70% 79% 67% 60% 76%
Totals 100% 100% 99% 100% 100%
Weighted N (542) (147) (390) (141) (377)
9
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
10
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
11
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
12
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Doug Burgum 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2%
Chris Christie 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 3%
Ron DeSantis 18% 12% 26% 18% 18% 20%
Nikki Haley 9% 10% 7% 10% 8% 9%
Asa Hutchinson 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0%
Vivek Ramaswamy 5% 3% 7% 5% 6% 1%
Tim Scott 4% 3% 4% 4% 3% 4%
Donald Trump 61% 68% 52% 60% 62% 60%
Totals 100% 100% 99% 100% 100% 99%
Weighted N (552) (304) (248) (139) (226) (186)
13
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
Doug Burgum 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
Chris Christie 2% 3% 1% 4% 1%
Ron DeSantis 18% 13% 20% 22% 18%
Nikki Haley 9% 12% 8% 13% 7%
Asa Hutchinson 0% 2% 0% 0% 0%
Vivek Ramaswamy 5% 2% 5% 7% 3%
Tim Scott 4% 6% 3% 5% 3%
Donald Trump 61% 61% 61% 47% 67%
Totals 100% 100% 99% 99% 100%
Weighted N (552) (151) (396) (147) (381)
14
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
15
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
16
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Long shot to beat Biden 64% 68% 59% 41% 71% 72%
Might beat Biden 26% 23% 31% 45% 20% 20%
Would definitely beat Biden 10% 9% 10% 14% 9% 8%
Totals 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Weighted N (545) (302) (243) (139) (224) (182)
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
17
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Long shot to beat Biden 65% 73% 55% 56% 69% 66%
Might beat Biden 24% 20% 30% 30% 20% 25%
Would definitely beat Biden 11% 7% 15% 14% 10% 8%
Totals 100% 100% 100% 100% 99% 99%
Weighted N (547) (301) (246) (137) (225) (185)
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
18
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
19
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Long shot to beat Biden 30% 31% 30% 35% 30% 27%
Might beat Biden 47% 42% 52% 47% 48% 45%
Would definitely beat Biden 23% 27% 18% 18% 22% 28%
Totals 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Weighted N (545) (302) (243) (138) (226) (181)
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
20
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Long shot to beat Biden 66% 70% 60% 47% 73% 73%
Might beat Biden 26% 21% 32% 43% 18% 22%
Would definitely beat Biden 8% 9% 8% 10% 9% 5%
Totals 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Weighted N (546) (302) (244) (139) (225) (182)
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
21
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Long shot to beat Biden 38% 42% 33% 37% 34% 43%
Might beat Biden 45% 40% 50% 50% 44% 41%
Would definitely beat Biden 17% 18% 17% 13% 21% 16%
Totals 100% 100% 100% 100% 99% 100%
Weighted N (546) (300) (245) (138) (226) (182)
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
22
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Long shot to beat Biden 35% 37% 31% 27% 36% 38%
Might beat Biden 47% 47% 47% 49% 50% 42%
Would definitely beat Biden 18% 16% 21% 24% 14% 20%
Totals 100% 100% 99% 100% 100% 100%
Weighted N (550) (303) (246) (139) (226) (185)
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
23
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
24
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
25
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Seeing what happens with Trump 44% 43% 45% 42% 47% 40%
Watching the presidential debates 40% 36% 46% 52% 37% 29%
Learning about other candidates 28% 23% 34% 36% 26% 21%
I’ve already pretty much decided 27% 33% 18% 21% 26% 35%
Just more time 26% 28% 23% 31% 25% 22%
Seeing which candidates drop out 27% 26% 29% 33% 30% 17%
Seeing who wins Iowa or New Hampshire 11% 12% 11% 13% 11% 10%
Weighted N (371) (220) (152) (120) (151) (101)
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
Seeing what happens with Trump 44% 43% 44% 26% 50%
Watching the presidential debates 40% 30% 43% 40% 41%
Learning about other candidates 28% 35% 24% 47% 19%
I’ve already pretty much decided 27% 27% 27% 27% 28%
Just more time 26% 23% 27% 30% 24%
Seeing which candidates drop out 27% 28% 27% 28% 27%
Seeing who wins Iowa or New Hampshire 11% 7% 14% 13% 11%
Weighted N (371) (114) (254) (110) (246)
26
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
27
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
28
CBS News Poll – October 31 – November 3, 2023
Adults in the U.S.
Gender Age
Total Male Female Under 45 45-64 65+
Yes, I consider Biden legitimate winner 64% 63% 64% 70% 58% 58%
No, I do not consider Biden the legitimate winner 36% 37% 36% 30% 42% 42%
Totals 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Weighted N (2,179) (1,065) (1,114) (1,007) (714) (459)
Party ID Ideology
Total Ind Rep Moderate Conservative
Yes, I consider Biden legitimate winner 64% 60% 37% 72% 35%
No, I do not consider Biden the legitimate winner 36% 40% 63% 28% 65%
Totals 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Weighted N (2,179) (752) (593) (729) (663)
29
HOW THE POLL WAS CONDUCTED AND THE
MARGIN OF ERROR CALCULATED
The CBS News/YouGov survey of 2,185 adults in the U.S. was conducted between October 31
– November 3, 2023.
This sample was weighted according to gender, age, race, and education based on the U.S. Census
American Community Survey, and the U.S. Census Current Population Survey, as well as 2020
Presidential vote and 2022 Congressional vote. Respondents were selected to be representative of
adults nationwide. The weights range from 0.1 to 6.0, with a mean of 1 and a standard deviation
of 0.8.
The margin of error (a 95% confidence interval) for a sample percentage p based upon the entire
sample is approximately 2.7%. It is calculated using the formula
s
1 + CV2
p̂ ± 100 ×
n
where CV is the coefficient of variation of the sample weights and n is the sample size used
to compute the proportion. This is a measure of sampling error (the average of all estimates
obtained using the same sample selection and weighting procedures repeatedly). The sample
estimate should differ from its expected value by less than margin of error in 95 percent of
all samples. It does not reflect non-sampling errors, including potential selection bias in panel
participation or in response to a particular survey.