MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE FOOD AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPM

CRPSC 140
PLANT BREEDING METHODS

Exercise Number 2
Breeding Cross-Pollinated Crops

Name: Domingo, John Maverick F. Date: ________________

I. INTRODUCTION

Cross-pollination, which is also known as heterogamy, is a type of pollination in

which pollen grains carrying sperm are transferred from the cones or flowers of one
plant to the cones or flowers bearing eggs of another plant. It occurs in both
angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants) and promotes
cross-fertilization and outbreeding. Pollen can travel from plant to plant by the wind, as
it does in conifers, or through symbiotic relationships with other creatures, such as
bees, certain birds, and bats that transmit pollen while consuming nectar.

The process of cross-pollination requires the help of biotic and abiotic agents like
animals, birds, wind, insects, water, and other agents as pollinators. Whether by wind
or anemophily, this type of pollination usually occurs when plants lack flowers with
nectar and other features, including inconspicuous flowers. Animals or zoophiles, which
they support, aid in the spread of seeds. An animal changes its location after consuming
a plant's fruit. This movement aids in the dispersal of the seeds, bringing new plants to
new areas. Anthropophily is the practice of artificially pollinating plants by humans.
Anthropophily is another name for this process. The artificial technique of pollination is
carried out by scattering pollen grains over the female flowers if there are any issues
with the process of pollination by abiotic or biotic agents. Techniques for hybridization
are also applied in this procedures.

II. OBJECTIVES

1. To identify the importance and methods of breeding cross-pollinated crops.

2. Identify plants that exhibit cross-pollination as their means of reproduction.
3. Determine and describe the process of breeding cross-pollinated crops.

III. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials:
 Ballpen
 Paper
 Internet
 Gadget
Method:
 Determine the importance of cross-pollination in plant
 What are the characteristics of cross-pollinated plant
 Find out the best time in emasculation and the best in pollinate the plant
 MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE FOOD AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPM

 What are the techniques in preventing and control the cross-pollination.

IV. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

1. State and explain the importance of cross pollination in plants.

 The offspring are healthier. The seeds are generated in greater quantities
and are healthier. The seeds mature, germinate, and grow into better
plants in the appropriate manner. Because cross-pollination can occur
between two different types of the same species or even two species, this
results in the development of new varieties.

2. How do you determine if the plant is cross pollinated?

 Thru the characteristics, if that are have the different color from the
parent plant it means that the plant or the seed are cross-pollinated. It
combines the genetic material which can see it in the output.

3. When is the best time to emasculate? Pollinate?

 Controlled pollination must come after emasculation. In spikelets that are
expected to open the next day, emasculation takes place in the early
morning between 6 and 8 AM. Before the anthesis, emasculation ought
to be finished. Depending on how the rice is emasculated, several
crossing methods are used.

4. What are plants exhibiting cross pollination? Give examples.

 Pollen is spread from plant to plant by the acts of pollinators, such as
insects and other animals, or by the wind. In the backyard vegetable
garden, insects cross-pollinate tomatoes, watermelons, and cucumbers,
while wind pollinates sweet corn.

5. How do you control cross pollination? Explain your answer.

 Choose Self-Pollinating Varieties
One way to help to prevent cross-pollination is to plant self-pollinating
varieties. These varieties are ones that don’t need bees or other insects
to pollinate them, so they are a lot less likely to have issues with cross-
pollination.
 Plant Only One Variety Per Family
This is really the most fool-proof way to make sure that your plants
haven’t cross-pollinated. If you only plant one variety of squash, for
example, then you don’t have to worry about whether or not that
variety might have cross-pollinated with another variety of squash.
 Isolate Plant Varieties by Distance
Another option if you have a really big property is to isolate different
varieties by distance. This isn’t really practical if you have a small yard
and a small garden, but if you have enough space then you can spread
your different varieties as far apart as possible. Self-pollinating plants
 MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE FOOD AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPM

like beans wouldn’t need as much space between them, but others
would need more space

V. REFERENCES
https://byjus.com/biology/what-is-pollination/
https://byjus.com/question-answer/characteristics-that-promote-
cross-pollination-include-all-exceptthe-pollen-and-ovules-mature-at-
different-times/
https://extension.unl.edu/statewide/cass/Pollination%20Basics
%20June%202019.docx.pdf

NOTE: Follow the standard format in writing laboratory exercises.